Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the role of Sn doping on the electrochemical performances of LiTi(HPO3)2 phosphite anode for Lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Hassna Belhaj ,&nbsp;M'hamed Oubla ,&nbsp;Fouzia Cherkaoui El Moursli ,&nbsp;Zineb Edfouf","doi":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of Sn incorporation on the LiTi(HPO₃)₂ phosphite material has been investigated in this work. A series of LiSn_xTi_1-x(HPO₃)₂ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.06) samples were synthesized via a facile low-temperature hydrothermal reaction, and were employed as anodes for Li-ion batteries. X-ray diffraction profiles revealed the same tetragonal system with <em>I</em> <span><math><mrow><mover><mn>4</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> <em>2d</em> space group for all compositions. However, an excessive amount of Sn might disrupt the structure with the formation of a secondary phase. SEM micrographs showed that Sn doping could decrease crystal growth resulting in refined particle size (∼1 μm). The doping at four different Sn concentrations endowed improved electrical conductivity, faster lithium-ion diffusion and higher reversible specific capacities compared to pristine LiTi(HPO₃)₂. The optimal performance was achieved with a doping concentration of ∼2 mol.% Sn (LTP–S2) exhibiting a discharge capacity of 559.1 mAh.g⁻¹ at 0.2C and maintaining 71.5 % of its initial capacity after 70 cycles, a significant improvement over the pristine LTP–S0. These results show that the electrochemical performance of lithium titanium phosphite anode were successfully enhanced with the Sn doping strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 113136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical investigation of a van der waals SnS2/PtS2 heterostructure as a Z-scheme photocatalyst for efficient water splitting","authors":"K. Ribag ,&nbsp;Z. Mansouri ,&nbsp;A. Al-Shami ,&nbsp;I. Allaoui ,&nbsp;O. Mounkachi ,&nbsp;A. El Kenz ,&nbsp;A. Benyoussef","doi":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen energy is widely seen as a leading solution to tackle the worldwide energy shortage and reduce environmental problems, yet efficient hydrogen production methods remain under active development. One promising approach to clean hydrogen generation is the development of photocatalysts capable of splitting water using sunlight. Herein, we propose a new SnS₂/PtS₂ van der Waals heterostructure as a promising Z-scheme photocatalyst for water splitting. To investigate its potential, we employ first-principles density functional theory (DFT) alongside ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Key stability criteria including energetic favorability, thermal robustness at 300 K, and the absence of any imaginary phonon frequencies are satisfied, suggesting the heterostructure is feasible for experimental realization. Through our computational analysis, we find that the SnS₂/PtS₂ heterostructure exhibits a staggered type-II band alignment, featuring an indirect band gap of 2.01 eV, notably smaller than the individual band gaps of monolayer SnS₂ (2.61 eV) and PtS₂ (2.85 eV). An internal electric field, oriented from the SnS₂ to the PtS₂ layer, facilitates a Z-scheme charge transfer pathway, which enhances charge carrier separation efficiency. Moreover, the SnS₂/PtS₂ heterostructure exhibits robust broad-spectrum light absorption, reaching a maximum absorption coefficient of around 6.1 × 10⁴ cm⁻¹ within the visible spectrum. Lastly, Gibbs free energy analysis shows that both the hydrogen and oxygen evolution half-reactions can occur spontaneously when exposed to light. These results underscore the potential of the SnS₂/PtS₂ vertical heterostructure as an efficient Z-scheme photocatalyst capable of driving both hydrogen and oxygen generation from water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 113134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic and Eu-doping defects, crystal field behavior, and surface morphology in ZnAl2O4: Insights from atomistic modeling and spectroscopic analysis","authors":"Joéslei L.de O. Lucena,&nbsp;Bruno R.de Mesquita,&nbsp;Carlos H.P. Silva,&nbsp;Marcos F. Sousa,&nbsp;Ricardo D.S. Santos,&nbsp;André M. Otsuka,&nbsp;Marcos A.C. dos Santos,&nbsp;Marcos V.dos S. Rezende","doi":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the most energetically favorable intrinsic and extrinsic defects in pure and europium-doped ZnAl₂O₄, complemented by a surface morphology analysis based on a Born-type interatomic potential model and spectroscopic studies. The Zn'_Al antisite defect is identified as the most favorable native defect and is associated with modifications in the material's luminescent properties. In doped systems, Eu²⁺ preferentially substitutes Zn²⁺ sites, whereas Eu³⁺ favors Al³⁺ sites; however, the presence of interstitial Eu³⁺ is also expected due to the ionic radius mismatch. Crystal field modeling indicates that Eu³⁺ ions occupy sites with local C₃ symmetry. Surface energy calculations show that the (001) and symmetrically equivalent surfaces govern the growth morphology, while the (002) surface is the most stable at equilibrium. Furthermore, Al–Al terminations dominate ZnAl₂O₄ surfaces, influencing defect migration and potentially affecting the material's optical properties. These findings provide atomistic insights into the structure–property relationships of ZnAl₂O₄:Eu, with implications for optoelectronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 113135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of sulfonic liquid electrolytes on energy storage properties of supercapacitors","authors":"Guangmin Yang ,&nbsp;Yatong Gao ,&nbsp;Yuan Yuan ,&nbsp;Jianyan Lin ,&nbsp;Qiang Xu ,&nbsp;Lei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercapacitors (SCs) are a research hotspot because of their high power density, long service life, and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, their limited energy density restricts their development. Because double-layer capacitance affects the total interface capacitance, electrolyte selection is crucial for improving the performance of SCs. Here, we determined the double electric layer structure with different side chain lengths for the cations [S₂₂₁]⁺, [S₄₂₁]⁺, [S_22O1]⁺, and [S_42O1]⁺ combined with the anion [FSI]^- after the introduction of an ether group. The conductivity of the modified electrolyte S_22O1FSI increased significantly to 106.8 mS cm⁻¹ and the maximum capacitance of the double-layer capacitor was 6.18 μF cm⁻². The triple-N-doped defective graphene greatly enhanced the electrochemical properties of the double layer capacitor. Therefore, S_22O1FSI represents a highly efficient electrolyte for improving the energy density of SCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 113130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystal growth by chemical vapor transport method and photoelectric properties of SnS, Sn2S3, SnS2","authors":"Haoran Dong ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Jiao ,&nbsp;MuLan Mu ,&nbsp;Xufang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Xiang ,&nbsp;Shihao Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tin sulfide compounds have received extensive attention in field-effect transistors due to their suitable band gaps and unique electronic properties. However, the growth of large and high-quality crystals of such materials remains a challenge. In this work, three types of high-quality centimeter-scale crystals of sulfide compounds (SnS, Sn₂S₃, SnS₂) were grown via the Chemical Vapor Transport (CVT) method by adjusting the sulfur-to-tin molar ratios. Additionally, a dual-zone-growth system was developed to improve the cleanliness of SnS₂ crystals. The elemental compositions and crystal structures were characterized using energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The indirect band gaps of SnS, Sn₂S₃, and SnS₂ were determined by Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, with the values of 1.86 eV, 2.00 eV, and 2.30 eV, respectively. Field-effect transistors (FETs) were successfully fabricated using the three candidate materials, and the device with the thin SnS₂ layer exhibited a carrier mobility of 2.57 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹ with high on/off ratio (≈10⁶), demonstrating exceptional potential as a promising candidate for FET devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 113133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and DFT simulation to analyze electrochemical performance of ternary transition metal oxides LiNi0.80X0.10Nb0.10O2(X=Cu, Zn, Y) for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Urwa Tul Aysha ,&nbsp;G. Murtaza ,&nbsp;Muhammad Younas ,&nbsp;Ahmad Ayyaz ,&nbsp;M. Basit Shakir ,&nbsp;Ali El-Rayyes ,&nbsp;Mohd Taukeer Khan ,&nbsp;Imed Boukhris","doi":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel (Ni)-rich lithium transition metal oxides(TMO), such as LiNi_0.8 X_0.10Nb_0.10O₂ (where X is Cu, Y, or Zn), characterized by a layered structure, are considered viable cathode options for the development of high energy density lithium-ion batteries, consequently promoting the commercial acceptance of zero-emission electric automobiles. Layered transition metal oxides(TMO) have been suggested as appropriate cathodes for Li-ion batteries due to their favorable voltage window, improving specific capacity and energy density. This study presents a series of ternary layered transition metal oxides, LiNi_0.80Cu_0.10Nb_0.10O₂, LiNi_0.80Y_0.10Nb_0.10O₂, and LiNi_0.80Zn_0.10Nb_0.10O₂, synthesized by the hydrothermal method. XRD patterns exhibit that all the compounds depict a hexagonal structure with an R-3m space group. After heating them at 750 °C for 20h in an air furnace, the patterns are recorded for the prepared samples. The synthesized samples exhibited single-phase diffraction patterns with very sharp peaks. This indicates the high crystallinity of the powder cathode materials. SEM micrographs revealed the development of distinctly separated particles with diverse shapes. The crystal structure was generated using Wien2k software with the lattice constants determined by experimental data of the prepared sample. The calculated spin-polarized electronic band structures and density of states (DOS) for all three compounds indicated metallic behavior. The ferromagnetic characteristics of the substitutional material are validated by the negative values of the exchange constants (N_օα and N_օβ). The thermoelectric properties, including the Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and figure of merit, were calculated using the BoltzTraP code. Theoretical calculations of average intercalation voltages (AIV) were derived from the total energies of the optimized compounds and their di-lithiated phases. An electrochemical analysis showed that the values for theoretical discharge capacity and AIV for ternary layered transition metal oxides LiNi_0.80X_0.10Nb_0.10O₂(X = Cu, Zn, Y) were found to be 1547 mAhg^{− 1},1543 mAhg^{− 1},1489 mAhg^{− 1} and 4.4V, 5.4V, 5.5V, respectively. Experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that the examined ternary layered transition metal oxides are appropriate cathode materials for coin cell fabrication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 113074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doping-induced modifications in Bi2Te3: Structural, electronic, optoelectronic, thermoelectric, thermodynamic, and elastic properties for advanced functional applications","authors":"Muhammad Usman Javed ,&nbsp;Qaiser Rafiq ,&nbsp;Sikander Azam ,&nbsp;Salman Ahmed ,&nbsp;Abdulraheem SA Almalki","doi":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive First-principles investigation of the thermodynamic, thermoelectric, optoelectronic, and mechanical properties of Bi₂Te₃ and its doped derivatives—namely, pristine Bi₂Te₃ (Bi₂Te₃_pristine), singly doped Bi₂Te₃: Zr and Bi₂Te₃: Ti, and co-doped Bi₂Te₃: Zr, Ti. The simulations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) within the GGA + U framework, including spin–orbit coupling (SOC) to account for the relativistic effects intrinsic to heavy elements. Doping with Zr and Ti introduces significant alterations in the electronic band structure, contributing to improved thermoelectric behavior. Zr doping enhances electrical transport stability by mitigating phonon-carrier interactions, while Ti doping elevates the Seebeck coefficient through the creation of localized states near the Fermi level. In the co-doped system, the combined effect of Zr and Ti induces band convergence, increases the density of states near the Fermi level, reduces the band gap, and yields a higher figure of merit (ZT), particularly within the moderate temperature range of 400–500 K. Thermodynamic analyses, including Debye temperature and specific heat calculations, reveal enhanced lattice stability and reduced thermal conductivity across all doped configurations, with co-doping providing the most pronounced effect due to intensified phonon scattering. Additionally, elastic property calculations show moderate increases in bulk and shear moduli, indicating improved mechanical robustness with minimal lattice distortion. Optical studies further reveal that doping causes a red-shift in the absorption edge, boosts absorption in the visible and ultraviolet spectra, and modifies refractive index and extinction coefficient values—features advantageous for photonic and sensing applications. Overall, both single and co-doping strategies prove effective in tuning the structural, electronic, thermal, and optical properties of Bi₂Te₃, with the synergistic effects observed in co-doped Bi₂Te₃: Zr, Ti offering strong potential for the design of multifunctional materials in thermoelectric energy harvesting and optoelectronic device applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 113125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of anion substitution in modulating the multifunctional properties of RbTaO3 perovskites; A DFT approach","authors":"Mohammad Sajid ,&nbsp;Muhammad Mudassir Ahmad Alwi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Jawad ,&nbsp;Akbar niaz butt","doi":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs density functional theory (DFT) and Boltzmann transport theory to explore the structural, electronic, optical, mechanical, and thermoelectric properties of pristine RbTaO₃ and its chalcogen-doped counterparts (RbTaO_3-xS_x and RbTaO_3-xSe_x). Band gap reduction from 3.33 eV (pristine) to 1.11 eV (S-doped) and 0.66 eV (Se-doped) was achieved using the TB-mBJ potential, enhancing visible-light absorption. Optical analyses showed significant improvements in absorption coefficients at 2 eV: ∼0.21 (pristine), ∼8.09 (S-doped), and ∼18.55 (Se-doped), supporting their solar harvesting potential. Mechanical analysis confirmed ductility in all variants, with bulk moduli decreasing from 320 GPa (pristine) to 109 GPa (S-doped) and 69 GPa (Se-doped). Thermoelectric evaluations revealed peak power factors of 9.28 × 10¹¹ (RbTaO₃), 7.97 × 10¹¹ (S-doped), and 3.59 × 10¹¹ (Se-doped) at 800 K. These results underscore the potential of sulfur and selenium doping in optimizing RbTaO₃ for energy harvesting and optoelectronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 113131"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enlarging pore size of millimeter spherical γ-Al2O3 by hydrothermal treatment and its significant effects on catalytic dehydrogenation of propane","authors":"Tuo Pengfei ,&nbsp;Wang Huiguo ,&nbsp;Zhao He ,&nbsp;Wang Kang ,&nbsp;Wang Xitao","doi":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pore size plays a critical role in determining the activity, selectivity, and stability of catalysts employed in high-temperature dehydrogenation reactions. This study synthesized millimeter-scale spherical alumina via a combined process of gellan gum-assisted sol-gel and oil-water column shaping method, followed by hydrothermal treatment at varying temperatures and durations to expand its pore size. The influence of the resulting pore structure on propane dehydrogenation performance over PtSnK/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts was thoroughly evaluated. Characterization by XRD, N₂ physisorption, and SEM elucidated that hydrothermal treatment enlarges the pore size through crystal phase transformation, grain growth, and morphological evolution. Under optimized hydrothermal conditions, the average pore diameter was increased from 8.2 nm to 15.8 nm, while the most probable pore diameter rose from 7.9 nm to 17.3 nm. This pore size expansion significantly enhanced catalytic performance. The optimal PtSnK/Al₂O₃-Ht₂₅ catalyst, exhibiting the largest average pore size, achieved an initial propane conversion of 37.5 % and maintained 34.4 % conversion after 5 h of continuous reaction, outperforming other catalysts in activity, selectivity, and long-term stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 113119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of UV-ozone pretreatment on the reduction of carbonous contamination due to electron beam irradiation of gold surfaces","authors":"Toshikazu Satoh,&nbsp;Kayo Horibuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electron beam irradiation of surfaces, which is widely used in various analytical methods, causes carbonous contamination of the irradiated surfaces. Ultraviolet (UV)-ozone treatment of surfaces has been proposed as a contamination-reducing method. To assess the effect of UV-ozone treatment on contamination reduction, this study investigated the degree of carbonous contamination due to electron beam irradiation of the surfaces of UV-ozone-treated gold films during scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as the changes in the surface characteristics of gold caused by UV-ozone treatment. The degree of contamination decreased with increasing UV irradiation time during the UV-ozone treatment; the maximum height of contamination on the gold surface after 20 min of UV irradiation decreased to less than 1/50 of that on untreated gold surfaces. Additionally, with increasing UV irradiation time, the surface free energy of gold increased owing to its polar component, the UV-induced oxidation reaction at the surface of the gold progressed, and the atomic ratio of carbon at the gold surface decreased slightly. Thus, this study comprehensively demonstrates the effect of UV-ozone treatment, which is used as a pretreatment for SEM, on reducing the degree of contamination and reveals that the effect originates from the surface oxidation of gold.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16811,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 113128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}