Martin Huber , Matthias Schöbinger , Jordi Cirera , Berthold Stöger , Peter Weinberger
{"title":"Design, Synthesis and Characterization of BODIPY based 1H‐Tetrazole Ligands","authors":"Martin Huber , Matthias Schöbinger , Jordi Cirera , Berthold Stöger , Peter Weinberger","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202401239","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.202401239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Four novel fluorescence active ligands (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>4</strong>) consisting of a 1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl moiety as coordinating unit and a 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐<em>s</em>‐indacene (BODIPY) derivative as fluorophore, bridged <em>via</em> alkyl (‐(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub>‐, n=1–3) or benzyl (‐CH<sub>2</sub>‐C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>‐) spacers were designed. Successful synthesis is demonstrated by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, as well as powder and single crystal XRD analysis. The methylene bridged ligand <strong>2</strong> (4,4‐difluoro‐1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐8‐[(1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)methyl]‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene) crystallizes in different polymorphs and solvatomorphs, in contrast to the other three ligands, which show no polymorphism under identical conditions. Photophysical studies revealed high fluorescence quantum yields (69 – 95 %) in solution for the ‐(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>‐ bridged ligand <strong>3</strong> (4,4‐difluoro‐1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐8‐[(1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)ethyl]‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene) and the ‐(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>‐ bridged ligand <strong>4</strong> (4,4‐difluoro‐1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐8‐[(1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)propyl]‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene). Non‐radiative decay due to rotational motion of the 1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl‐ and/or ‐CH<sub>2</sub>‐C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>‐ moiety for <strong>2</strong> and <strong>1</strong> (4,4‐difluoro‐1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐8‐[4‐((1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)methyl)phenyl]‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene) respectively leads to reduced quantum yields of ≥35 %. Complete fluorescence quenching upon aggregation is prevented by installation of the sterically demanding 1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl moiety and a spacer in <em>meso</em>‐position of the BODIPY core to elongate the intermolecular distances between two adjacent BODIPY cores. Detailed photophysical and crystallographic investigations are supported by theoretical calculations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"28 7","pages":"Article e202401239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejoc.202401239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photoinduced DNA Cleavage Using Bioinspired Photostable Flavin Analogues","authors":"Dipayan Mondal , Ashutosh Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202401001","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.202401001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by the photosensitization capability of the naturally occurring flavin derivatives, viz. riboflavin (RF), flavin mononucleotide (FMN), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and their photodegradation susceptibility due to the presence of ribityl/phosphate group; the current manuscript investigates the N10‐modified flavin analogues for their reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating capability and DNA cleavage activity, when irradiated with blue light. The effectiveness of superoxide anion generating property of photoexcited flavin analogs were determined using nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) and gallic acid quenching experiments. Among the flavin analogues studied, the simple propylflavin (<strong>PFl</strong>) was found to be most photostable and efficient in the conditions studied. The carboxyl‐flavin (<strong>10Flc</strong>) displays behavior like that of FMN while the flavin‐aspartic acid conjugate (<strong>FA</strong>) was found to show properties in between the <strong>PFl</strong> and the <strong>10Flc</strong>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"28 7","pages":"Article e202401001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haoyu Chen , Dongqing Wu , Julian Holzinger , Rainer Götz , Dorian Didier , Anne K. Schütz , Sabine Schneider , Pavel Kielkowski
{"title":"Aryl Radicals Generated from Aryl Pinacol Boronates Modify Peptides and Proteins","authors":"Haoyu Chen , Dongqing Wu , Julian Holzinger , Rainer Götz , Dorian Didier , Anne K. Schütz , Sabine Schneider , Pavel Kielkowski","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202401246","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.202401246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report here a distinct reaction, which generates aryl radicals from aryl pinacol boronates under mild aqueous conditions and can be used for peptide and protein modifications. The strategy leverages the versatile reactivity of aryl pinacol boronates to form aryl radicals in presence of ammonium persulfate (APS). The formed aryl radicals insert readily into peptide disulfide bonds while tolerating other functionalities. On the protein level, the reactivity extends beyond the disulfide bonds. The methodology benefits from the accessibility of starting aryl pinacol boronates, as well as biocompatible conditions. In contrast to conventional methods used for aryl radical generation, the strategy is metal‐free, does not require photoinduction and can be readily performed under aqueous conditions. The mechanism of the reactions was investigated by radical‐trapping experiments, spectroscopic analysis and oxygen scavenging. The presented approach broadens the application of aryl pinacol boronate esters in radical reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"28 7","pages":"Article e202401246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejoc.202401246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Front Cover: p-Anisil as a Versatile Catalyst for the E-to-Z Photoisomerization of Activated Alkenes - Application in Late-Stage Modification of Small Molecule Drugs, Di- and Tripeptides (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 7/2025)","authors":"Thanh V. Q. Nguyen, Peter R. Hansen","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202580701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202580701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>The Front Cover</b> illustrates expedient access to complex <i>Z</i>-alkenes from drugs and oligopeptides through a two-step synthetic sequence: a metal-catalyzed, directed C−H bond olefination followed by an <i>E</i>-to-<i>Z</i> photoisomerization under blue light. While the former step is established in the literature, the latter requires the development of a highly effective and robust photocatalytic system. Key to the success is the discovery of <i>p</i>-anisil as a versatile photocatalyst that is able to convert <i>E</i>-alkenes to their <i>Z</i>-isomers with <i>Z/E</i> up to >99:1. During the course of this work, 11 <i>Z</i>-alkenes were successfully synthesized from five drugs and two oligopeptides, thus demonstrating the practicability of the concept. More information can be found in the Research Article by T. V. Q. Nguyen and P. R. Hansen (DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202401338). Cover by T.V.Q.N. (AstraZeneca) and Dr. Binh Phan (Essity).\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"28 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejoc.202580701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrochemical Alkoxylation of Benzylic C(sp3)−H Bonds","authors":"Naixuan Zhao , Geyao Xie , Miao Zheng , Shunzhen Chang , Zhenwei Zhang , Guoxue He , Yu Zhou","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202401227","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.202401227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report an electrochemical process for the direct alkoxylation of benzylic C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H bonds without the need for external oxidants or metal catalysts. This environmentally friendly and sustainable synthetic strategy facilitates the alkoxylation of C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H in benzylic groups. The approach enables the late‐stage incorporation of complex alkoxy groups into bioactive molecules, providing potential applications in the synthesis of celestolide derivatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"28 7","pages":"Article e202401227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dmitri I. Fomenkov , Roman A. Budekhin , Olga M. Mulina , Olga A. Komarova , Mikhail M. Doronin , Yulia Yu. Belyakova , Liang‐Nian He , Ivan A. Yaremenko , Alexander O. Terent'ev
{"title":"Ring Opening and C(ω)‐S Coupling: Nickel‐Mediated Transformation of Alicyclic Alkoxyhydroperoxides","authors":"Dmitri I. Fomenkov , Roman A. Budekhin , Olga M. Mulina , Olga A. Komarova , Mikhail M. Doronin , Yulia Yu. Belyakova , Liang‐Nian He , Ivan A. Yaremenko , Alexander O. Terent'ev","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202401198","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.202401198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ozonolysis of cycloalkanone semicarbazones in alcohol containing solution with the subsequent addition of nickel (II) dithiocarbamates or xanthates was found to result in <em>ω‐</em>xanthyl or <em>ω‐</em>dithiocarbamyl carboxylic acid esters. The reaction proceeds in several steps. The initial one is cycloalkanone semicarbazone ozonolysis in the presence of alcohol, which leads to alicyclic alkoxyhydroperoxide. The second step is an extraordinary interaction between the alkoxyhydroperoxide and nickel (II) dithiocarbamate or xanthate, which proceeds via alkoxy radical formation and its subsequent <em>β</em>‐scission, resulting in C−S coupling products. The developed method allows to obtain <em>ω‐</em>xanthyl or <em>ω‐</em>dithiocarbamyl esters in yields up to 52 % relative to the initial cycloalkanone semicarbazone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"28 7","pages":"Article e202401198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Meta‐Analysis of Published Brønsted Plots Supports Brønsted's “Conventional” pKa Values: 14.00 for Water and 0.00 for H+(aq)","authors":"Todd P. Silverstein, Thomas Neils","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202401135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202401135","url":null,"abstract":"In the early 1900s, Brønsted used two different pairs of p<jats:italic>K</jats:italic><jats:sub>a</jats:sub> values for water and the aqueous proton: He denoted 14.00 and 0.00 (respectively) as the “conventional” values, and 15.74 and −1.74 (respectively) as the “rational” values. Although the conventional values have been supported by both experiment and theory, the rational values have been employed in the vast majority of studies involving Brønsted plots up to the present day. Here we present a meta‐analysis of 67 Brønsted plots published from 1924 to 2010, revealing that rational p<jats:italic>K</jats:italic><jats:sub>a</jats:sub>’ values more frequently appear as statistical outliers (a greater than 80 % rejection rate) compared to conventional values (a roughly 50 % rejection rate) based on <jats:italic>Q</jats:italic>‐tests. Furthermore, in 85 % of examined plots, the conventional points align more closely with best‐fit lines. An evaluation of Hupe and Pohl's Marcus plots also shows a somewhat better fit with the conventional rather than the rational p<jats:italic>K</jats:italic><jats:sub>a</jats:sub>’ values. Finally, in the bond length versus p<jats:italic>K</jats:italic><jats:sub>a</jats:sub> investigations published by Brydon et al., all the rational points were statistically rejected, whereas the conventional values were accepted. From our statistical analyses, we conclude that a convincing majority of experimental evidence from published Brønsted plots leads one to question the validity of Brønsted's rational p<jats:italic>K</jats:italic><jats:sub>a</jats:sub>’ values for water and the aqueous proton (15.74 and −1.74, respectively).","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricardo H. Bartz , Pedro S. Souza , Lucas E. B. Iarocz , Paola S. Hellwig , Prof. Raquel G. Jacob , Prof. Márcio S. Silva , Prof. Eder J. Lenardão , Prof. Gelson Perin
{"title":"Greening the Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofuran Selenides: I2/TBHP‐Promoted Selenocyclization of 2‐Allylphenols","authors":"Ricardo H. Bartz , Pedro S. Souza , Lucas E. B. Iarocz , Paola S. Hellwig , Prof. Raquel G. Jacob , Prof. Márcio S. Silva , Prof. Eder J. Lenardão , Prof. Gelson Perin","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202401243","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.202401243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work we describe the synthesis of selenium‐containing dihydrobenzofurans through the selenocyclization reaction of 2‐allylphenols. The reaction procedure uses only an I<sub>2</sub>/TBHP oxidant system at room temperature, enabling an efficient synthesis of 2‐[(organoselanyl)methyl]‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans. The products are formed immediately after the addition of the oxidant system in a mixture of 2‐allylphenol and diorganyl diselenide, in the absence of solvent, at mild experimental conditions. Furthermore, control experiments were carried out, including <sup>77</sup>Se NMR analyses to identify intermediates, which contributed to the elucidation of the reaction mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"28 7","pages":"Article e202401243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lautaro A. M. Giaimo , Dr. Leticia Lafuente , Dr. Romina N. Fernández Varela , Dr. Matías L. Nóbile , Dr. Adolfo M. Iribarren , Dr. Elizabeth S. Lewkowicz
{"title":"Synthesis of 4‐Iodoimidazole Nucleosides: A Biocatalyzed Whole Cell Approach","authors":"Lautaro A. M. Giaimo , Dr. Leticia Lafuente , Dr. Romina N. Fernández Varela , Dr. Matías L. Nóbile , Dr. Adolfo M. Iribarren , Dr. Elizabeth S. Lewkowicz","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202400950","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.202400950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nucleoside analogues are biologically active drugs that are well known for their therapeutic properties. Chemical synthesis of these compounds is complex due to time constraints, contaminant methodologies, and numerous steps involved. In contrast, biocatalyzed synthesis, particularly using microorganisms, offers many advantages. In this work, we introduce the synthesis of 4‐iodoimidazole‐ribonucleoside, through a microbial transglycosylation biocatalyzed by <em>Erwinia amylovora</em> whole cells, selected as the optimal catalyst for this biotransformation upon evaluating our microbial collection. Parameters were analyzed to optimize the reaction, and the use of this biocatalyst in transglycosylation with other natural and non‐natural bases and different sugar donor nucleosides was also verified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"28 7","pages":"Article e202400950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Synthesis of Indolyl Benzo[b]carbazoles via Surfactant-Type Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Three-Component Cyclization of Ortho-Formylarylketones with Indoles","authors":"Jun Yang, Tianxing Li, Hui Jin, Lixin Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202401466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202401466","url":null,"abstract":"The surfactant-type Brønsted acid-catalyzed multi-component cascade reaction of ortho-formylarylketones with indoles was investigated in an aqueous medium for the synthesis of indolyl benzo[b]carbazoles. The reaction was carried out in the presence of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, which was initiated by two consecutive nucleophilic additions of indoles to the aldehyde group of ortho-formylarylketones, followed by a Friedel−Crafts-type cyclization and dehydrative aromatization. This protocol afforded the desired products in good yields under mild conditions and demonstrated a broad substrate scope.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}