{"title":"Role of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in the regulation of ion channels: focus on its association with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.","authors":"Ming-Rui Li, Xiu-Ju Luo, Jun Peng","doi":"10.1007/s13105-023-00982-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13105-023-00982-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling is vital for cell differentiation and proliferation during embryonic development, yet its role in cardiac, cerebral, and vascular pathophysiology is under debate. Recent studies have demonstrated that several compounds of SHH signaling regulate ion channels, which in turn affect the behavior of target cells. Some of these ion channels are involved in the cardio-cerebrovascular system. Here, we first reviewed the SHH signaling cascades, then its interaction with ion channels, and their impact on cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Considering the complex cross talk of SHH signaling with other pathways that also affect ion channels and their potential impact on the cardio-cerebrovascular system, we highlight the necessity of thoroughly studying the effect of SHH signaling on ion homeostasis, which could serve as a novel mechanism for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Activation of SHH signaling influence ion channels activity, which in turn influence ion homeostasis, membrane potential, and electrophysiology, could serve as a novel strategy for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"719-730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10525028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paloma Sangro, Manuel de la Torre Aláez, Bruno Sangro, Delia D'Avola
{"title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD): an update of the recent advances in pharmacological treatment.","authors":"Paloma Sangro, Manuel de la Torre Aláez, Bruno Sangro, Delia D'Avola","doi":"10.1007/s13105-023-00954-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13105-023-00954-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is nowadays considered the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide in parallel to the epidemic of diabetes and obesity. MAFLD includes a wide spectrum of liver injury including simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that may lead to serious complications such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. The complexity of its pathophysiology and the intricate mechanisms underlying disease progression explains the huge variety of molecules targeting diverse biological mechanisms that have been tested in preclinical and clinical settings in the last two decades. Thanks to the large number of clinical trials of the last few years, most of them still ongoing, the pharmacotherapy scenario of MAFLD is rapidly evolving. The three major components of MAFLD, steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis seem to be safely targeted with different agents at least in a large proportion of patients. Likely, in the next few years more than one drug will be approved for the treatment of MAFLD at different disease stages. The aim of this review is to synthesize the characteristics and the results of the most advanced clinical trials for the treatment of NASH to evaluate the recent advances of pharmacotherapy in this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"869-879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10635944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9188622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M C Lorenzo-Lozano, A L Blázquez-Manzanera, J A Carnicero
{"title":"How kidney clock works: circadian pattern of eGFR based on a population data group.","authors":"M C Lorenzo-Lozano, A L Blázquez-Manzanera, J A Carnicero","doi":"10.1007/s13105-023-00948-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-023-00948-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A circadian regulation of renal function it has been described in the last few years. An intradaily variation in glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) has also been discovered at the individual level. The aim of this study was to check if there exists a circadian pattern of eGFR at population data group level and to compare the population results with those described at individual level. We have studied a total of 446,441 samples analysed in the emergency laboratories of two Spanish hospitals between January 2015 and December 2019. We selected all the records of eGFR values between 60 and 140 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> using CKD-EPI formula from patients between 18 and 85 years. The intradaily intrinsic eGFR pattern was computed using the extraction time of day in four nested mixed linear and sinusoidal regression models. All models showed an intradaily eGFR pattern, but the estimated model coefficients differed depending on whether age was included. The inclusion of age improved the performance of the model. In this model, the acrophase occurred at 7:46 h. We describe the distribution of eGFR values depending on the time in two different populations. This distribution is adjusted to a circadian rhythm that behaves similarly to the individual rhythm. This pattern is similar in each of the years studied from each hospital as well as between both hospitals. The results found suggest the incorporation of the concept of \"population circadian rhythm\" into the scientific world.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":"79 3","pages":"543-554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10145917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shujian Zhang, Xuewei Li, Tiezheng Yuan, Xiangyu Guo, Can Jin, Zhengyong Jin, Jinliang Li
{"title":"Glutamine inhibits inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and ameliorates hyperoxic lung injury.","authors":"Shujian Zhang, Xuewei Li, Tiezheng Yuan, Xiangyu Guo, Can Jin, Zhengyong Jin, Jinliang Li","doi":"10.1007/s13105-023-00961-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-023-00961-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glutamine (Gln) is the most widely acting and abundant amino acid in the body and has anti-inflammatory properties, regulates body metabolism, and improves immune function. However, the mechanism of Gln's effect on hyperoxic lung injury in neonatal rats is unclear. Therefore, this work focused on examining Gln's function in lung injury of newborn rats mediated by hyperoxia and the underlying mechanism. We examined body mass and ratio of wet-to-dry lung tissue weights of neonatal rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to examine histopathological alterations of lung tissues. In addition, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was conducted to measure pro-inflammatory cytokine levels within bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Apoptosis of lung tissues was observed using TUNEL assay. Western blotting was performed for detecting endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-associated protein levels. The results showed that Gln promoted body weight gain, significantly reduced pathological damage and oxidative stress in lung tissue, and improved lung function in neonatal rats. Gln reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine release as well as inflammatory cell production in BALF and inhibited apoptosis in lung tissue cells. Furthermore, we found that Gln could downregulate ERS-associated protein levels (GRP78, Caspase-12, CHOP) and inhibit c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α) phosphorylation. These results in an animal model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) suggest that Gln may have a therapeutic effect on BPD by reducing lung inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and improving lung function; its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the IRE1α/JNK pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":"79 3","pages":"613-623"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10168294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalia Lendoiro-Cino, Arianna Rodríguez-Coello, Anna Saborido, Elena F-Burguera, Jennifer A Fernández-Rodríguez, Rosa Meijide-Faílde, Francisco J Blanco, Carlos Vaamonde-García
{"title":"Study of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis in synovial tissue from diabetes-associated osteoarthritis and its influence on macrophage phenotype and abundance.","authors":"Natalia Lendoiro-Cino, Arianna Rodríguez-Coello, Anna Saborido, Elena F-Burguera, Jennifer A Fernández-Rodríguez, Rosa Meijide-Faílde, Francisco J Blanco, Carlos Vaamonde-García","doi":"10.1007/s13105-023-00968-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-023-00968-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes (DB) is an independent risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). However, the mechanisms underlying the connection between both diseases remain unclear. Synovial macrophages from OA patients with DB present a marked pro-inflammatory phenotype. Since hydrogen sulphide (H<sub>2</sub>S) has been previously described to be involved in macrophage polarization, in this study we examined H<sub>2</sub>S biosynthesis in synovial tissue from OA patients with DB, observing a reduction of H<sub>2</sub>S-synthetizing enzymes in this subset of individuals. To elucidate these findings, we detected that differentiated TPH-1 cells to macrophages exposed to high levels of glucose presented a lower expression of H<sub>2</sub>S-synthetizing enzymes and an increased inflammatory response to LPS, showing upregulated expression of markers associated with M1 phenotype (i.e., CD11c, CD86, iNOS, and IL-6) and reduced levels of those related to M2 fate (CD206 and CD163). The co-treatment of the cells with a slow-releasing H<sub>2</sub>S donor, GYY-4137, attenuated the expression of M1 markers, but failed to modulate the levels of M2 indicators. GYY-4137 also reduced HIF-1α expression and upregulated the protein levels of HO-1, suggesting their involvement in the anti-inflammatory effects of H<sub>2</sub>S induction. In addition, we observed that intraarticular administration of H<sub>2</sub>S donor attenuated synovial abundance of CD68<sup>+</sup> cells, mainly macrophages, in an in vivo model of OA. Taken together, the findings of this study seem to reinforce the key role of H<sub>2</sub>S in the M1-like polarization of synovial macrophages associated to OA and specifically its metabolic phenotype, opening new therapeutic perspectives in the management of this pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":"79 3","pages":"653-667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10338594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10174932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asha D Kushwaha, Rajeev Varshney, Deepika Saraswat
{"title":"Effect of hypobaric hypoxia on the fiber type transition of skeletal muscle: a synergistic therapy of exercise preconditioning with a nanocurcumin formulation.","authors":"Asha D Kushwaha, Rajeev Varshney, Deepika Saraswat","doi":"10.1007/s13105-023-00965-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-023-00965-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) leads to various adverse effects on skeletal muscles, including atrophy and reduced oxidative work capacity. However, the effects of HH on muscle fatigue resistance and myofiber remodeling are largely unexplored. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the impact of HH on slow-oxidative fibers and to evaluate the ameliorative potential of exercise preconditioning and nanocurcumin formulation on muscle anti-fatigue ability. C2C12 cells (murine myoblasts) were used to assess the effect of hypoxia (0.5%, 24 h) with and without the nanocurcumin formulation (NCF) on myofiber phenotypic conversion. To further validate this hypothesis, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a simulated HH (7620 m) for 7 days, along with NCF administration and/or exercise training. Both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed a significant reduction in slow-oxidative fibers (p < 0.01, 61% vs. normoxia control) under hypoxia. There was also a marked decrease in exhaustion time (p < 0.01, 65% vs. normoxia) in hypoxia control rats, indicating a reduced work capacity. Exercise preconditioning along with NCF supplementation significantly increased the slow-oxidative fiber proportion and exhaustion time while maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. These findings suggest that HH leads to an increased transition of slow-oxidative fibers to fast glycolytic fibers and increased muscular fatigue. Administration of NCF in combination with exercise preconditioning restored this myofiber remodeling and improved muscle anti-fatigue ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":"79 3","pages":"635-652"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9783153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rehab E Abo El Gheit, Reham L Younis, Mervat H El-Saka, Marwa N Emam, Nema A Soliman, Rehab M El-Sayed, Yasser Mostafa Hafez, Norhan Ahmed AbuoHashish, Doaa A Radwan, Howayda E Khaled, Samar Kamel, Sawsan A Zaitone, Ghada A Badawi
{"title":"Correction: Irisin improves adiposity and exercise tolerance in a rat model of postmenopausal obesity through enhancing adipo-myocyte thermogenesis.","authors":"Rehab E Abo El Gheit, Reham L Younis, Mervat H El-Saka, Marwa N Emam, Nema A Soliman, Rehab M El-Sayed, Yasser Mostafa Hafez, Norhan Ahmed AbuoHashish, Doaa A Radwan, Howayda E Khaled, Samar Kamel, Sawsan A Zaitone, Ghada A Badawi","doi":"10.1007/s13105-023-00963-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-023-00963-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":"79 3","pages":"683"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10338592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9791888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acacetin alleviates energy metabolism disorder through promoting white fat browning mediated by AC-cAMP pathway.","authors":"Yanan Zhang, Qianqian Huang, Xiaowei Xiong, Tingting Yin, Sheng Chen, Wanwan Yuan, Guohua Zeng, Qiren Huang","doi":"10.1007/s13105-023-00947-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-023-00947-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acacetin (ACA), a flavone isolated from Chinese traditional medical herbs, has numerous pharmacological activities. However, little is known about the roles in white fat browning and energy metabolism. In the present study, we investigated whether and how ACA would improve energy metabolism in vivo and in vitro. ACA (20 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to the mice with obesity induced by HFD for 14 consecutive days (in vivo); differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with ACA (20 µmol/L and 40 µmol/L) for 24 h (in vitro). The metabolic profile, lipid accumulation, fat-browning and mitochondrial contents, and so on were respectively detected. The results in vivo showed that ACA significantly reduced the body weight and visceral adipose tissue weight, alleviated the energy metabolism disorder, and enhanced the browning-related protein expressions in adipose tissue of rats. Besides, the data in vitro revealed that ACA significantly reduced the lipid accumulation, induced the expressions of the browning-related proteins and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), and increased the mitochondrium contents, especially enhanced the energy metabolism of adipocytes; however, treatment with beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (propranolol, Pro) or adenyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor (SQ22536, SQ) abrogated the ACA-mediated effects. The data demonstrate that ACA alleviates the energy metabolism disorder through the pro-browning effects mediated by the AC-cAMP pathway. The findings would provide the experimental foundation for ACA to prevent and treat obesity and related metabolism disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":"79 3","pages":"529-541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9843307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Doaa M Samy, Eiman I Zaki, Passainte S Hassaan, Doaa A Abdelmonsif, Dalia Y Mohamed, Samar R Saleh
{"title":"Neurobehavioral, biochemical and histological assessment of the effects of resveratrol on cuprizone-induced demyelination in mice: role of autophagy modulation.","authors":"Doaa M Samy, Eiman I Zaki, Passainte S Hassaan, Doaa A Abdelmonsif, Dalia Y Mohamed, Samar R Saleh","doi":"10.1007/s13105-023-00959-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-023-00959-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resveratrol is known to exhibit neuroprotective effects in many neurological disorders via autophagy modulation. However, controversial results have been reported about the therapeutic potential of resveratrol and the implication of autophagy in demyelinating diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the autophagic changes in cuprizone-intoxicated C57Bl/6 mice and explore the effect of autophagy activation by resveratrol on the demyelination and remyelination processes. Mice were fed with chow containing 0.2% cuprizone for 5 weeks, followed by a cuprizone-free diet for 2 weeks. Resveratrol (250 mg/kg/day) and/or chloroquine (an autophagy inhibitor; 10 mg/kg/day) were given for 5 weeks starting from the third week. At the end of the experiment, animals were tested on rotarod and then sacrificed for biochemical assessment, luxol fast blue (LFB) staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging of the corpus callosum. We observed that cuprizone-induced demyelination was associated with impaired degradation of autophagic cargo, induction of apoptosis, and manifest neurobehavioral disturbances. Oral treatment with resveratrol promoted motor coordination and improved remyelination with regular compacted myelin in most axons without a significant impact on myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA expression. These effects are mediated, at least in part, via activating autophagic pathways that may involve SIRT1/FoxO1 activation. This study verified that resveratrol dampens cuprizone-induced demyelination, and partially enhances myelin repair through modulation of the autophagic flux, since interruption of the autophagic machinery by chloroquine reversed the therapeutic potential of resveratrol.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":"79 3","pages":"583-596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10338563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9847835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ghrelin prevents lethality in a rat endotoxemic model through central effects on the vagal pathway and adenosine A2B signaling : Brain ghrelin and anti-septic action.","authors":"Sho Igarashi, Tsukasa Nozu, Masatomo Ishioh, Takuya Funayama, Chihiro Sumi, Takeshi Saito, Yasumichi Toki, Mayumi Hatayama, Masayo Yamamoto, Motohiro Shindo, Hiroki Tanabe, Toshikatsu Okumura","doi":"10.1007/s13105-023-00962-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-023-00962-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accumulating evidence suggest that ghrelin plays a role as an antiseptic peptide. The present study aimed to clarify whether the brain may be implicated ghrelin's antiseptic action. We examined the effect of brain ghrelin on survival in a novel endotoxemic model achieved by treating rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and colchicine. The observation of survival stopped three days after chemicals' injection or at death. Intracisternal ghrelin dose-dependently reduced lethality in the endotoxemic model; meanwhile, neither intraperitoneal injection of ghrelin nor intracisternal des-acyl-ghrelin injection affected the mortality rate. The brain ghrelin-induced lethality reduction was significantly blocked by surgical vagotomy. Moreover, intracisternal injection of a ghrelin receptor antagonist blocked the improved survival achieved by intracisternal ghrelin injection or intravenous 2-deoxy-d-glucose administration. Intracisternal injection of an adenosine A2B receptor agonist reduced the lethality and the ghrelin-induced improvement of survival was blocked by adenosine A2B receptor antagonist. I addition, intracisternal ghrelin significantly blocked the colonic hyperpermeability produced by LPS and colchicine. These results suggest that ghrelin acts centrally to reduce endotoxemic lethality. Accordingly, activation of the vagal pathway and adenosine A2B receptors in the brain may be implicated in the ghrelin-induced increased survival. Since the efferent vagus nerve mediates anti-inflammatory mechanisms, we speculate that the vagal cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is implicated in the decreased septic lethality caused by brain ghrelin.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":"79 3","pages":"625-634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9794467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}