Journal of physiology and biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Malnutrition induces steatohepatitis by impairing hepatic lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function and the gut-liver axis.","authors":"Vinesh Sharma, Raman Kumar, Robin Joshi, Vidyashankar Srivatsan, Vikram Patial","doi":"10.1007/s13105-025-01125-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-025-01125-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malnutrition of protein and essential nutrients in children can lead to serious health problems. It significantly alters hepatic physiology and leads to impaired liver function. The present study investigated the underlying mechanism of malnutrition-induced steatohepatitis in a rat model. Weanling rats were divided into two groups. The control rats received a standard protein diet, while the other group was fed a low protein diet (LPD) for eight weeks. LPD significantly reduced the body and liver weights and altered the blood parameters. LPD resulted in elevated serum liver injury markers and lowered glucose, albumin, and total protein levels. The reduced levels of TIBC and TSI and upregulated expression of Hamp gene were observed in the LPD group. Histopathology revealed the severe fat accumulation in the hepatocytes, leading to inflammation and fibrognesis. LPD upregulated the de novo lipogenesis (Srebp1c, Fas, Acc, and Scd1) markers and oxidative stress in the hepatic tissue. The downregulation of Pgc1α, Tim23, and Tfam indicated mitochondrial dysfunction in the LPD group. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the upregulation of 7,545 genes in the LPD group mainly associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), beta-oxidation, AMPK signalling and oxidative phosphorylation. Hepatic lipidome revealed the elevated levels of various lipid species in the LPD group. Further, LPD altered the gut microbiome of rats and reduced the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria. The present study revealed that malnutrition induces hepatic steatoheptitis by altering the hepatic lipid metabolism and disrupting mitochondrial function and gut-liver axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral lipoteichoic and lipoic acids improve insulin resistance and body composition in porphyria mice on a high-carbohydrate diet.","authors":"Miriam Longo, Teresa Rubio, Araceli Lamelas, Daniel Jericó, Andrea Rodenes-Gavidia, Jordi Cervero, Juan Martínez-Blanch, Empar Chenoll, Patricia Martorell, Erika Paolini, Marica Meroni, José Ignacio Riezu-Boj, Isabel Solares, Ana Sampedro, Francesco Urigo, María Collantes, Michele Battistin, Stefano Gatti, Gemma Quincoces, Ivan Peñuelas, María Jesús Moreno-Aliaga, Matías A Ávila, Elena Di Pierro, Daniel Ramón, Fermín I Milagro, Paola Dongiovanni, Antonio Fontanellas","doi":"10.1007/s13105-025-01124-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-025-01124-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a genetic metabolic disorder characterized by neurovisceral attacks. Although high-carbohydrate diets or intravenous glucose administration can help alleviate incipient attacks in patients, these interventions may also promote insulin resistance and increase metabolic risk. This study explored targeted dietary interventions to manage hyperinsulinemia and to enhance glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive organs under high-carbohydrate diet. Body composition and fecal microbiota profile were also investigated in a murine model of the disease. Wild-type and AIP mice (n = 6/group) were supplemented with tapioca maltodextrin in drinking water for 12 weeks, alongside heat-treated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT-8145 (BPL1®HT), its by-product lipoteichoic acid (LTA), or the insulin-sensitizing agent α-lipoic acid (α-LA). Liver-targeted therapies, previously assessed in AIP mice, were also included in this study. AIP mice on a high-carbohydrate diet exhibited hyperinsulinemia and tissue-specific differences in glucose uptake compared to wild-type mice. Dysbiosis, marked by reduced fecal Dorea spp. and Adlercreutzia muris, alongside higher abundance of Escherichia coli, was also showed. Supplementation with α-LA and LTA revealed superior ability to improve glucose tolerance test and skeletal muscle glucose uptake, reduce hyperinsulinemia, and enhance body composition by increasing lean mass relative to fat, compared to gene therapy or liver-targeted insulin administration. Notably, LTA restored fecal microbiota profiles resembling those of wild-type mice. In conclusion, supplementation with LTA from BPL1®HT and α-LA may represent promising dietary interventions to manage glucose tolerance, improve insulin sensitivity in muscle and adipose tissues, and potentially ameliorate body composition in AIP patients under a high-carbohydrate diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A western diet amplified the deleterious consequences of collagen-induced arthritis on cardiac homeostasis in female rats.","authors":"Chrystèle Jouve, Jean-Paul Rigaudiere, Véronique Patrac, Frédéric Capel, Luc Demaison, Anne Tournadre","doi":"10.1007/s13105-025-01129-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-025-01129-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed at determining the effects of type II collagen (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) on cardiac homeostasis in the contexts of a laboratory chow (LC) and a Western diet (WD). The influence of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was also examined. Sixty female Wistar rats were assigned to five groups. The first two groups were fed the LC and were treated or not with CII (LC + CIA and LC); the third and fourth groups were fed a WD with or without CII treatment (WD + CIA and WD); and the fifth group was treated with CII and it was fed the WD whose 2.5% of the lipid fraction was replaced by DHA (DHA + CIA). Ionic homeostasis, redox status, inflammation markers, and mitochondrial stress were analysed in the heart. CIA reduced the body weight and favoured wasting of the lipid and protein stores. It also reduced cardiac cell density. The CIA subgroups, particularly the WD + CIA rats, showed higher cardiac calcium and lower reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione ratio. In the LC + CIA rats, no oxidative/nitrosative stress (ONS) was noticed and the mitochondrial extraction yield (MEY) was similar to that measured in the LC subgroup. In contrast, the ONS was higher and the MEY was lower in the WD + CIA subgroup compared to the WD one. The observed differences were not due to inflammation. DHA had little effect on the cardiac consequences of CIA. In conclusion, the WD amplified the deleterious effects of CIA on cardiac homeostasis by weakening the mitochondria via an increased ONS.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subchronic modulation of bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) by procyanidins. Unravelling the complex interplay between stimulation and expression.","authors":"Florijan Jalsevac, Maria Descamps-Solà, Adrià Vilalta, Helena Segú, M Teresa Blay, Raúl Beltrán-Debón, Esther Rodríguez-Gallego, Ximena Terra, Anna Ardévol, Montserrat Pinent","doi":"10.1007/s13105-025-01122-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-025-01122-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mediated by the bitter taste receptors (TAS2R), the perception of bitter taste does not only involve the oral cavity but various physiological systems throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The relationship between stimulation and modulation is crucial for understanding the broader implications of bitter taste signalling in health and disease. In this study, we investigated how the expression of intestinal rat Tas2r (rTas2r) is affected by natural extracts containing bitter ligands, examined their association with obesity, and their effects on GLP-1 secretion. For this, we performed subchronic stimulations with a mixture of polyphenols and individual molecules in rats. Moreover, we also examined how the individual bitter molecule (epicatechin) affects the secretory profile of intestinal enteroendocrine cells. Treating rats with procyanidins up-regulated rTas2r in all the segments of the gastrointestinal tract, with the most changes observed in the duodenum and ascending colon. Epicatechin, one of the main components of the previously used extract, had a much more specific effect, as we observed mostly changes in the jejunum, where rTas2137, -139, -143 and -144 were up-regulated. In Hutu-80 cells, epicatechin downregulated TAS2R14 after 24 hours, which limited GLP-1 secretion after acute peptone stimulation. Our results support a network effect in the role of the bitter taste receptors along the intestinal areas that must be considered to address the work with bitter agonists.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRPM8-driven thermogenesis by menthol: mechanisms of cold injury prevention.","authors":"Yujie Li, Yuanyuan Song, Xin Yang, Haiwei Zhu, Hao Yu, Yuan Kong","doi":"10.1007/s13105-025-01120-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-025-01120-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cold injury presents a significant health challenge, causing tissue damage due to prolonged exposure to low temperatures. This study examines menthol's protective effects against cold injury, focusing on its activation of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8), a \"cold-sensing\" receptor, to stimulate thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with menthol for 21 days and exposed to -20 °C. Core body temperature, activity levels, and cold injury severity were measured. Network pharmacology methods identified TRPM8 as a potential target, confirmed through molecular docking and pathway analysis. Further experiments inhibited TRPM8 to evaluate its role in menthol-induced thermogenesis and cold tolerance. Menthol significantly raised core body temperature, improved cold tolerance, and reduced cold injury severity in treated mice. Network pharmacology analysis highlighted TRPM8 as a key regulator of BAT thermogenesis through the PKA/UCP1 pathway. TRPM8 inhibition diminished menthol's effect, underscoring its essential role in menthol-mediated thermogenesis. This study demonstrates that menthol activates TRPM8 in BAT, enhancing thermogenesis to prevent cold injury. These findings suggest menthol as a promising natural agent for cold injury prevention, with TRPM8 as a potential therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145054336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of toll-like receptors on food allergy. mechanisms involved and scientific evidence.","authors":"Sergio Álvarez-Azcarreta, Wissal Mountasar-Didouch, Adrián Macho González, Francisco José Sánchez Muniz","doi":"10.1007/s13105-025-01111-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13105-025-01111-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food allergy (FA) is an exacerbated immune system response to harmless food antigens following sensitization. The incidence of FA has risen significantly over the past two decades, a trend often attributed to modern lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, antibiotic use, and urban environments. Sensitization may result from a compromised intestinal barrier caused by inflammatory bowel diseases, genetic predisposition, or a combination of both. These conditions trigger an inflammatory response involving mechanisms such as the activation of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), which recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. This review examines the intestine's role as a key antigen-sensing organ through three critical components: a) gut-associated lymphoid tissue, b) the mucosal immune system, and, c) the intestinal microbiota in the development of FA. The role of TLRs (particularly TLR2 and TLR4) in recognizing bacterial membrane-derived compounds (e.g., lipopolysaccharides) and how commensal bacteria generate TLR ligands that influence allergen sensitization vs. tolerance is discussed. The importance of candidate gene polymorphisms encoding TLR proteins and other molecules associated with tolerance and sensitization to food antigens is also commented on. Finally, future research directions and preventive strategies to mitigate FA risk and development are suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long non-coding RNA NR2F1-AS1: an increasingly significant LncRNA in human cancers.","authors":"Qinfan Yao, Xinyi Zhang, Yitong Chen, Junhao Lv, Jianghua Chen, Dajin Chen","doi":"10.1007/s13105-025-01119-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13105-025-01119-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), defined as transcripts exceeding 200 nucleotides without protein-coding potential, have emerged as pivotal regulators in diverse physiological and pathological processes, particularly in tumorigenesis. Among them, NR2F1-AS1, a recently characterized lncRNA, has garnered growing attention due to its dysregulated expression across a spectrum of malignancies and its significant correlation with key clinicopathological parameters. Accumulating evidence from molecular and cellular studies reveals that NR2F1-AS1 plays multifaceted roles in cancer initiation and progression through the modulation of signaling pathways, regulation of gene expression, and interactions with microRNAs and protein complexes. Notably, its biological function appears to be context-dependent: acting as an oncogene in many cancer types, such as breast, lung, liver, and gastric cancer, while exhibiting potential tumor-suppressive activity in others, including colorectal cancer, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and thymic epithelial tumors. This review comprehensively summarizes the aberrant expression patterns, prognostic significance, biological functions, and molecular mechanisms of NR2F1-AS1, while also highlighting its emerging potential as a context-specific diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in human cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceramides in non-communicable diseases: pathways, nutritional modulation, and therapeutic opportunities.","authors":"Marcia Ribeiro, Livia Alvarenga, Danielle Nascimento, Ligia Soares Lima, Denise Mafra, Ludmila F M F Cardozo","doi":"10.1007/s13105-025-01116-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13105-025-01116-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ceramides are sphingolipids formed from fatty acids linked to sphingosine and an amide, which are involved in cellular pathways such as apoptosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Six distinct fatty acyl selective ceramide synthases (CerS) produce ceramides. This specific enzymatic modulation can either increase or reduce the production of specific ceramides, which can have either adverse or protective effects, suggesting that enzymatic modulation may serve as a tool for innovative therapy. Specifically, modulation of glucosylceramide synthase, sphingomyelinase, or ceramidase can reverse the generation of potentially apoptotic ceramides, similar to how inhibition of serine palmitoyltransferase or ceramide synthases may be significant in inflammatory conditions by decreasing the generation of inflammatory ceramides. In this context, the modulation of plasma ceramides may represent a protective factor for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Previous studies indicate that dietary fat and protein intake influence plasma sphingolipid levels. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the effects of ceramide on patients with NCDs, providing an overview of the influence of nutrition on ceramide levels and outlining future perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FXR crosstalk with other nuclear receptors.","authors":"Thamer Abdulla Mohammed, Munaf H Zalzala","doi":"10.1007/s13105-025-01118-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-025-01118-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor (NR), plays a key role in balancing bile acid (BA), lipid, and glucose metabolism. By partnering with the retinoid X receptor (RXR), FXR influences gene transcription critical to these metabolic pathways. It also interacts with other NRs, including the pregnane X receptor (PXR), liver X receptor (LXR), and vitamin D receptor (VDR), creating an intricate signalling network. FXR activation triggers the production of small heterodimer partner (SHP), which suppresses cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), the enzyme controlling BA synthesis. It also regulates lipid metabolism by controlling sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and affects glucose balance. LXR, activated by oxysterols, supports reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) by regulating the expression of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) and adenosine-binding cassette sub-family G member 1 (ABCG1). Since FXR affects LXR-regulated genes, it indirectly modulates cholesterol homeostasis. Meanwhile, PXR, a xenobiotic sensor responsive to diverse compounds, such as BAs, regulates genes involved in drug detoxification and transport. FXR activation enhances PXR expression, influencing BA metabolism and removal. VDR, which responds to vitamin D and specific BAs such as lithocholic acid, plays a role in calcium balance and xenobiotic processing. The interplay among these NRs underscores FXR's central role in metabolic regulation and its potential as a therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated hydrostatic pressure dysregulates lipid metabolism of hepatocytes.","authors":"Zisheng Huang, Weili Gu, Tao-Sheng Li","doi":"10.1007/s13105-025-01121-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-025-01121-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of physiology and biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}