Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology最新文献

{"title":"Photobiomodulation mitigates DHT-induced apoptosis in dermal papilla cells via mitochondrial rescue and Wnt/TGF-β/BMP signaling modulation","authors":"Yi Ren ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Miao ,&nbsp;Hui Jiang ,&nbsp;Angze Li ,&nbsp;Longfei Huo ,&nbsp;Xuran Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiqi Fu ,&nbsp;Jiali Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Tian ,&nbsp;Muqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current therapeutic interventions for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) are hindered by limited efficacy and adverse side effects. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a promising non-invasive alternative, demonstrating preliminary potential for hair follicle stimulation. However, its precise therapeutic mechanisms and optimal treatment parameters require systematic investigation. In the present study, we established an <em>in vitro</em> AGA model using dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated human dermal papilla cells (DPCs, 0–100 μM) to evaluate PBM efficacy across continuous wave (CW) and pulsed wave (PW) modes, enabling mechanistic and therapeutic assessment. Key findings revealed that the impact of PBM was highly sensitive to DHT concentration. At lower concentrations of DHT (0–50 μM), PBM therapy successfully improved mitochondrial function, reduced apoptosis, increased alkaline phosphatase activity, stimulated lactate dehydrogenase release, and boosted cell migration. These beneficial effects were particularly notable under 8 J/cm² and 8 mW/cm² (CW mode), as well as 8 J/cm², 10 mW/cm² (peak irradiance), 500 Hz, and 80 % duty cycle under PW mode. However, these protective effects were substantially attenuated at higher DHT concentrations (100 μM). Mechanistically, PW PBM exerted dual anti-apoptotic and anti-androgenic effects through multi-pathway modulation: It activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway while concurrently suppressing <em>BMP</em> and <em>TGF</em>-<em>β</em> signaling cascades. This investigation elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which PBM inhibits DHT-induced apoptosis in DPCs. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the therapeutic efficacy of PBM is significantly mitigated under hyperandrogenic conditions. Overall, our findings provide critical insights for optimizing light-based therapeutic strategies and advancing clinical translation of PBM for AGA management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 113210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation mediates endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact and ameliorates lipotoxicity in MASLD via Mfn2 upregulation","authors":"Zhixuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Shan Wu ,&nbsp;Shengzhe Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongjie Zheng ,&nbsp;Yubing Bai ,&nbsp;Yiqiu Zhang ,&nbsp;Min Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The disruption of mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs) is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondrial malfunction induced by lipotoxicity. Photobiomodulation (PBM), as a non-invasive physical therapy, has been demonstrated to improve cellular metabolism in various diseases. Here we found that PBM with 650 nm ameliorated lipid accumulation and liver injury in high-fat-diet-fed mice. Moreover, MAMs integrity was restored in liver tissues of MASLD after PBM. Correspondingly, PBM enhanced mitochondria-ER colocalization and improved mitochondrial homeostasis in fatty-acid-treated HepG2 cells. Mechanically, Mfn2 expression was selectively elevated by PBM, accompanied by downregulation of PERK, p-PERK, and CHOP. The beneficial effects of PBM were diminished by <em>Mfn2</em> knockdown, while PERK activity regulated oxidative stress without altering MAMs formation. Thus, PBM relieves lipotoxicity in MASLD by enhancing MAMs integrity via the Mfn2/PERK/CHOP pathway. Our findings may provide evidence for noninvasive physical light therapeutics for lifestyle-related metabolic diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 113209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluence-dependent infrared photobiomodulation remodels chromatin architecture to enhance chemosensitivity in head and neck tumors","authors":"Mariana B. Ramos-Pinto ,&nbsp;Manoela D. Martins ,&nbsp;Cristiane H. Squarize ,&nbsp;Fabio A. Alves ,&nbsp;Rogerio M. Castilho","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has emerged as a noninvasive therapeutic modality capable of modulating cellular processes through the targeted delivery of light. In this study, we investigated the effects of an infrared PBM on adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) cells, with a focus on fluence-dependent chromatin remodeling and the potential to enhance chemosensitivity to cisplatin. Using a range of energy densities, we observed that up to 26.6 J/cm² of PBM induces significant nuclear enlargement and modulates epigenetic markers by increasing histone H4K8 acetylation and decreasing trimethylation of histone H3K9. These changes recapitulate the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors, previously shown to sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy. Notably, pre-treatment with a 20 J/cm² fluence significantly enhanced cisplatin-induced cell death compared to sham controls, supporting the notion that an open chromatin state can potentiate chemotherapeutic efficacy. In contrast, higher fluences (≥ 33.3 J/cm²) led to a marked accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks and elevated reactive oxygen species, culminating in increased cell death. Additionally, while PBM consistently reduced cellular proliferation across fluences, it did not affect the migration potential of ACC cells. Owing to its high tissue penetrance, the infrared PBM presents a particularly novel and attractive approach for targeting deep-seated head and neck tumors, including those of salivary gland origin. Collectively, our findings suggest that lower-fluences of infrared PBM represents a safe and effective strategy to remodel tumor chromatin and enhance the chemosensitivity of head and neck cancers, paving the way for its integration into multimodal cancer treatment regimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 113208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged DNA damage at suberythemal UV dose – Dependency on skin type and age","authors":"Daniela F. Zamudio Díaz ,&nbsp;Johannes Schleusener ,&nbsp;Victor Hugo Pacagnelli Infante ,&nbsp;Loris Busch ,&nbsp;Marisa Klemp ,&nbsp;Christian Witzel ,&nbsp;Kamran Ghoreschi ,&nbsp;Sascha Rohn ,&nbsp;Martina C. Meinke","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the primary risk factor for skin cancer, inducing DNA damage such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and pyrimidine–pyrimidone (6–4) photoproducts. DNA repair is influenced by age and skin type. Aging reduces repair capacity, leading to accumulated DNA damage, while darker skin provides some protection through melanin's UV-absorbing properties. However, repair dynamics in darker skin remain poorly understood.</div><div>This pilot study aimed at evaluating the influence of age and skin pigmentation on UV-induced DNA damage and repair efficiency in both ex vivo skin samples and healthy volunteers. Excised skin samples were categorized by pigmentation and age: light skin (types I–II, 18–50 years), light skin (55–70 years), and dark skin (types IV–V, 18–50 years). Samples were irradiated with fixed suberythemal doses, and biopsies were collected immediately post-irradiation to evaluate DNA damage and p53 expression. Healthy volunteers, grouped similarly (<em>n</em> = 6 per group), received ¼ minimal erythema dose (MED, determined individually), with biopsies taken 24 h and 7 days after irradiation. For melanin dependence, DNA damage was also determined directly after irradiation.</div><div>Older individuals exhibited greater DNA damage and reduced repair capacity. Dark skin showed initial melanin-mediated protection; but a first hint of greater residual damage was observed 24 h after irradiation compared to light skin, probably due to delayed repair activation and melanin photosensitization. However, the high variability in dark skin underscores the need for larger, diverse studies to better understand pigmentation-related differences in UV response and DNA repair mechanisms. By day seven, CPD clearance was observed in dark skin.</div><div>These findings highlight that even suberythemal UVR induces photodamage, with repair kinetics influenced by age and pigmentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 113206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced photodynamic therapy with riboflavin@ dual minerals doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: A promising in vitro approach for bladder cancer","authors":"Jinhua Wu ,&nbsp;Dapeng Zong ,&nbsp;Fei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research examines the efficacy of pure dual minerals (cerium and zinc) doped hydroxyapatite DHA and riboflavin (RFA)-coated DHA nanoparticles (NPs) (RFA@DHA NPs) in the treatment of bladder cancer. X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy validated the successful coating of RFA while preserving the core crystal structure of DHA. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of spherical NPs, which exhibited a minor increase in size following RFA coating. Both NPs formulations exhibited significant concentration-dependent anticancer activity against T24 bladder cancer cells in the absence of UV irradiation, with RFA@DHA showing superior efficacy (IC₅₀ values of 36.3 and 38.6 μg/mL, respectively). UV irradiation enhanced the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT), with RFA@DHA demonstrating greater cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ values of 27.9 and 32.6 μg/mL for RFA@DHA and pure DHA, respectively). Live/dead cell assays and nuclear condensation assays demonstrated that both NPs induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. The RFA coating mechanistically increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both dark conditions and under UV irradiation, resulting in a notable disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, which is a critical event in the apoptotic pathway. The findings indicate that RFA-coated DHA NPs may serve as effective photosensitizers for bladder cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 113207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation presents an anti-inflammatory effect, reflecting on the expression of receptors related to the pain process in a collagenase-induced tendinitis experimental model","authors":"Yose Marie Elizabeth e Silva ,&nbsp;Patrícia de Viveiros Tavares Alves ,&nbsp;Rachel Bharbara Maccheronio Dalmaso ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Ligeiro de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Cinthya Cosme Gutierrez Duran ,&nbsp;José Antônio Silva Júnior ,&nbsp;Stella Regina Zamuner ,&nbsp;Maria Fernanda de Souza Setubal Destro ,&nbsp;Rebeca Boltes Cecatto ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão Lopes Martins ,&nbsp;Richard Eloin Liebano ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Labat Marcos","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pain associated with tendinopathy is a common and difficult to treat. A therapeutic strategy to control some chronic painful processes is the use of benzodiazepines, which act on their GABA receptors, producing a sedative and analgesic effect. Non-pharmacological approaches, such as photobiomodulation (PBM), have shown promising results in the control of inflammatory joint pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combined treatment between PBM and Diazepam (DZP) in the control of the pain process, based on the evaluation of mechanical allodynia and the expression of GABA receptors (a1 and a2), neurokinin 1 (NK1) and bradykinin (B1), comparing with the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inflammatory tissue infiltrate, in an experimental model of tendinitis. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with 1 % inhaled isoflurane (BioChimico®, lot 008694), and tendinitis was induced by transcutaneous injection of collagenase type I into the Achilles tendon region. In the first phase, after tendinitis induction, the time course of pain sensitivity was evaluated using the mechanical allodynia test. In the second phase, the rats were distributed into seven experimental groups: Healthy Control Group (CTL) and tendinitis Untreated (NT) or treated with PBM (808 nm, 3 J, 100 mW, 107 J/cm2); treated with DZP; treated with combined therapies (PBM + DZP); pre-treated with neutral GABA receptor modulator – Flumazenil (GABA receptor antagonist) followed by DZP (FLU+DZP); and pre-treated with FLU followed by PBM (FLU+PBM). Eight hours after tendinitis induction, with the development of tissue inflammation, mechanical allodynia in the Achilles tendon was evaluated. After the various treatments, the animals were euthanized with an anaesthetic overdose and the tendons were recovered for histological and biochemical analyses. Our results showed that treatment with PBM reduced MPO activity and gene expression of B1, NK-1, GABAα2 receptors, as well as increased mechanical allodynia and GABAα1 expression. PBM + DZP also reduced MPO activity, as well as the expression of B1, GABAα₁ receptors and improved mechanical allodynia. The FLU+PBM group altered the results presented by the single treatment with PBM. Our results show that PBM modulates the pain process by improving mechanical allodynia and decreasing the gene expression of B1, NK-1 receptors, and increasing GABAα1 gene expression. These findings suggest that pain modulation by PBM in the experimental tendinitis model may be related not only to the control of inflammation but also to the regulation of the expression of B1, NK-1, GABAα1 and GABAα2 receptors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 113205"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulating angiogenesis and post-ischemic tissue repair: Optimizing photobiomodulation parameters in vivo","authors":"Jaroslava Joniová ,&nbsp;Clémence Bechelli ,&nbsp;Sébastien Déglise ,&nbsp;Florent Allagnat ,&nbsp;Georges Wagnières","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, a non-invasive therapeutic approach utilizing red and near-infrared light at sub-thermal irradiances, presents significant potential in promoting angiogenesis and tissue repair. This study optimized PBM parameters and evaluated its effects in three complementary models: the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), the aortic ring assay, and the mouse hindlimb ischemia (HLI) model.</div><div>In the CAM model, PBM significantly enhanced vascular formation by increasing capillary branching and vessel density under optimized conditions. The aortic ring assay confirmed PBM's pro-angiogenic effects, demonstrating a marked increase in microvascular sprouting. In the mouse model, light propagation measurements at 652 nm and 730 nm were conducted to calculate attenuation coefficients for precise dosimetry. Daily PBM treatments at 652 nm following femoral artery ligation improved blood flow recovery at 14 days post-surgery. While minimal effects were observed at 5 days, likely attributable to initial hypoxia, PBM at 652 nm proved more efficient at 14 days, suggesting enhanced impact during later stages of vascular remodeling, when tissue oxygenation had improved.</div><div>This study highlights the importance of precise wavelength selection and dosimetry to maximize PBM's therapeutic efficacy. These findings demonstrate that PBM effectively enhances vascular remodeling and tissue repair as tissue oxygenation recovers, representing a promising strategy for promoting recovery in ischemic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 113202"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-pot synthesis of conjugated small molecules for construction of NIR fluorescence/photoacoustic dual-modal imaging nanoagents with improved photothermal/photodynamic/chemodynamic effects","authors":"Jiaqi Li ,&nbsp;Yanqin Huang ,&nbsp;Guice Ding ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Xingfen Liu ,&nbsp;Quli Fan ,&nbsp;Wei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Theranostic nanoagents based on conjugated small molecules (CSMs) have attracted widespread interest in fluorescence (FL)/photoacoustic (PA) imaging and phototherapy for cancer, because CSMs exhibit not only excellent photophysical properties but also good synthetic repeatability and biosafety due to the small molecular weight, which are very important for further clinical applications. However, CSMs have rarely been studied for near-infrared (NIR) phototheranostics, especially in the NIR-II window, because of insufficient degree of conjugation. Herein, we employed bithiophenyl diketopyrrolopyrrole as acceptor (A), fluorene as donor (D), and vinylbenzene as π-bridge, two types of CSMs with D-π-A and D-π-A-π-D structure (FVD and FVDVF) were thus designed and simultaneously synthesized through a facile one-pot Heck reaction. Then, FVD@F127 nanoparticles (NPs) and FVDVF@F127 NPs were prepared by encapsulating the corresponding CSM with the hydrophilic polymer F127, achieving good water solubility, biocompatibility, and the CSMs-mediated synergistic photothermal/photodynamic effects. Subsequently, MnO₂ NPs were loaded on their surface to obtain FVD@F127@MnO₂ NPs and FVDVF@F127@MnO₂ NPs, which responded to glutathione/H₂O₂ in the tumor microenvironment to produce cytotoxic •OH and <em>in situ</em> O₂ supply, leading to enhanced photodynamic effect, additional photothermal and chemodynamic effects. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies of the final two NPs demonstrated that they were both promising NIR FL/PA dual-modal imaging nanoagents with improved photothermal/photodynamic/chemodynamic effects. Comparatively, FVD@F127@MnO₂ NPs displayed better photodynamic effects because of the heavy atom Br in FVD, and FVDVF@F127@MnO₂ NPs exhibited excellent NIR-II FL imaging capability (<em>QY</em> = 0.25 %), much better PA imaging performance and photothermal effects (<em>η</em> = 68.5 %) owing to a larger molecular structure coplanarity of FVDVF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 113204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soranjidiol as a photosensitizer: Mechanistic insights into its photochemistry and photoinduced tautomerization","authors":"Maciej Spiegel","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs computational chemistry to evaluate soranjidiol as a potential one– and two–photon photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. Using density functional theory, its time–dependent counterpart, and molecular dynamics, the photophysical properties, phototoxicity mechanisms, and DNA intercalation were studied. The results reveal that neutral and anionic species are present in an approximate ratio of 57:43. The main one–photon absorption peaks are found in the blue–green region (446.4 nm and 564.3 nm, respectively) and correspond to <em>nπ→π*</em> types of excitations. High two–photon absorption cross–sections within the therapeutic window — 67.8 GM for the neutral form and 149.8 GM for the anionic form — strengthen their potential application in two–photon therapy as well. Through the network of reactions, the eventually reached lowest lying triplet have lifetime of 1.39 s (neutral form) and 1.57 μs (anionic form), both effectively harnessing type II photoactivity. In contrast, thermochemical and kinetic analyses underline that type I mechanisms are more relevant for the anionic form, while type III mechanisms dominate the activity of the neutral form. The analysis of 100 ns trajectories highlights that the neutral substance effectively intercalates DNA, while the anion is capable to bind CG–GC base pairs only. In most cases, the absorption profile alters, suggesting greater vulnerability of nucleic acids to photoexcitation after the process. The overall activity of soranjidiol is expected to be lower than that of aloe–emodin, which has been previously studied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 113203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of wavelength-dependent photobiomodulation on gut inflammation in an in vitro intestinal model","authors":"Myungji Kang ,&nbsp;Jihye Jo ,&nbsp;Hwarang Shin ,&nbsp;Hyun Wook Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for modulating the gut microbiome, offering potential for the regulation of intestinal inflammation. Although PBM has been primarily used for various clinical applications, recent studies suggest that its effects may extend to the regulation of microbial imbalances and chronic inflammation. The biological effects of PBM are wavelength-dependent, as the wavelength of light determines tissue penetration depth and cellular response. The current study aimed to compare the inflammation-modulatory effects of PBM at four different wavelengths (405, 532, 635, and 808 nm) and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of PBM in intestinal inflammation. An <em>in vitro</em> co-culture model consisting of Caco-2 cells and <em>Lactobacillus</em> was established to simulate the intestinal environment. Cellular inflammation was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, followed by wavelength-dependent PBM treatment at a dosage of 10 J/cm² (100 mW/cm² for 100 s, applied as a single irradiation). Among the wavelengths, 635 nm significantly reduced nitric oxide production and suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and iNOS). Furthermore, western blot and qPCR analyses revealed that 635 nm PBM downregulated key signaling factors in the MAPK/NF-kB pathway, indicating a potential molecular mechanism for its anti-inflammatory effect. These findings suggest that PBM, particularly at 635 nm, may serve as an effective strategy for modulating intestinal inflammation. Further studies will investigate the anti-inflammation and microbiome modulation effects of PBM in an <em>in vivo</em> model of inflammatory bowel disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 113201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}