Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of the mechanisms of DNA damage following photoexcitation and chemiexcitation","authors":"Andreia Boaro ,&nbsp;Luiz Duarte Ramos ,&nbsp;Erick Leite Bastos ,&nbsp;Etelvino José Henriques Bechara ,&nbsp;Fernando Heering Bartoloni","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this review, we compare the mechanisms and consequences of electronic excitation of DNA via photon absorption or photosensitization, as well as by chemically induced generation of excited states. The absorption of UV radiation by DNA is known to produce cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and thymine pyrimidone photoproducts. Photosensitizers are known to enable such transformations using UV-A and visible light by generating triplet species able to transfer energy to DNA. Conversely, chemiexcitation of DNA is a process related to the formation of high energy peroxides whose decomposition leads to triplet excited species. In practice, both photoexcitation and chemiexcitation produce reactive excited species able to promote some DNA nucleobases to their excited state. We discuss the effect of epigenetic methylation modifications of DNA and the role of endogenous and exogenous photosensitizers on the formation of DNA photoproducts via triplet-triplet energy transfer as well as oxidative DNA damages. The mechanisms of pathogenic pathway involving the generation of CPDs via chemiexcitation (namely dark CPDs, dCPDs) are discussed and compared with photoexcitation considering their spatiotemporal characteristics. Recognition of the multifaceted noxious effects of UV radiation opens new horizons for the development of effective electronically excited quenchers, thereby providing a crucial step toward mitigating DNA photodamage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updates to McCree's photosynthetically active radiation curve — 55 years later","authors":"Bo-Sen Wu,&nbsp;Philip Wiredu Addo,&nbsp;Sarah MacPherson,&nbsp;Valérie Orsat,&nbsp;Mark Lefsrud","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our interpretation of photosynthetically active radiation in plants has evolved since the 1970s with new data explaining the underlying mechanisms. To update McCree's founding work, this study explored the spectral response of photosynthesis in young tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> cv. Beefsteak) and lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa</em> cv. Breen) plants using a narrow-spectrum light unit and a portable photosynthesis system equipped with a whole plant chamber. Highly resolved spectral photosynthesis curves using 1-nm increments at 10 nm full width at half maximum (FWHM) were generated. Results show that the lowest quantum yields were observed at 450 nm and 660 nm, two wavelengths commonly used to improve photosynthesis in research. Different trends and amplified peaks were observed among the spectral quantum yield curves of tomato and lettuce plants and those of earlier studies with red and blue light. An opposing phenomenon was observed, where blue light is more efficient than red light. This is based on the narrower wavelength data acquired in both experimental plant species. Findings represent the most detailed and highly resolved spectral photosynthesis and quantum yield curves to date using experimental model plants (tomato and lettuce).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113069"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The synergistic effect of pulsed red light and leonurus inhibits primary dysmenorrhea induced by oxytocin in mice by modulating calcium signaling and inhibiting inflammatory responses","authors":"Qiqi Fu ,&nbsp;Hui Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiali Yang ,&nbsp;Haokuan Qin ,&nbsp;Longfei Huo ,&nbsp;Yi Ren ,&nbsp;Shangfei Lin ,&nbsp;Muqing Liu ,&nbsp;Jinghui Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite increasing evidence suggesting that red light photobiomodulation (R-PBM) and leonurus play important roles in analgesic and anti-inflammatory processes, data on their combined effect on primary dysmenorrhea (PD) are scarce. In this study, we reported the pain assessment of red light at various modes combined with leonurus on the oxytocin-induced model of PD mice. The combined intervention of pulsed R-PBM and leonurus decreased pain responses and PGF_2α/PGE₂ levels, alleviated uterine swelling and inflammatory infiltration, enhanced antioxidant levels (T-AOC, GSH-PX, SOD), and reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA, LPO) in the uterus, with its synergistic effect surpassing either treatment alone or the combination of continuous wave R-PBM with leonurus. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated significant changes in differentially expressed genes associated with calcium signaling (<em>Cav1, Cacna1c, Kcnmb1, Cnn1,</em> and <em>Myh11</em>) and inflammatory response (<em>Ptgs2, Jun, Fos, IL1rn,</em> and <em>IL17b</em>) in the combination group, with concurrent downregulation of MLCK, COX-2, p-JNK/JNK, and IL17b protein levels, and upregulation of IL1rn, suggesting that the combined intervention of pulsed R-PBM and leonurus may alleviate pain through disruption of calcium homeostasis and induction of ROS-mediated inflammatory responses. Metabolomics studies of plasma revealed significant changes in lipid metabolism after the combined intervention, consistent with the transcriptomic findings. Hence, pulsed R-PBM combined leonurus has the potential to be an effective therapeutic approach for PD, as well as an alternative option for painful and inflammatory diseases; however, further exploration of its underlying mechanism is still necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113079"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of daytime light intensity on daily behaviours and concurrent hypothalamic gene expressions in migratory redheaded bunting","authors":"Jyoti Tiwari ,&nbsp;Sayantan Sur ,&nbsp;Asma Naseem ,&nbsp;Preeti Gupta ,&nbsp;Shirin Fatima ,&nbsp;Sangeeta Rani ,&nbsp;Shalie Malik","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animals use photic cues to time their daily and seasonal activity. The role of photoperiod has been much investigated in seasonal responses, but the role of light intensity is less understood in passerine finches. We investigated if and how daytime light intensity influences photoinduced migratory phenologies and hypothalamic mRNA expressions in a Palearctic-Indian migratory finch, redheaded bunting (<em>Emberiza bruniceps</em>). Photoperiodic manipulations were employed to induce winter-nonmigratory (NM), premigratory (PM), and migratory (MIG) states in photosensitive buntings. In each life history state, the birds were further subjected to 0.055 (low), 0.277 (medium), or 1.11 W/m² (high) (<em>N</em> = 5 each) light intensity treatment. The low daytime light intensity dampened the locomotor activity rhythm and delayed the onset of <em>Zugunruhe</em>. We found life history-dependant but not light intensity-dependant changes in body mass, fat score, and testis volume. Plasma corticosterone levels were increased under the low-light intensity group in the migratory state. The buntings were foraging throughout the night in the migratory state, aiding body fattening. Front and back sleep were drastically reduced during the migratory phase under all three light intensities. In the migratory state, we found elevated hypothalamic <em>IL1B</em> and <em>IL6</em> expression in medium and high-light intensity groups, which had significantly reduced sleep duration. In the winter nonmigratory state, the expression of <em>CAMK2</em> correlated with daytime activity and active wakefulness of buntings. The decreased <em>GHRH</em> expression correlates with the reduction in total sleep in migrating buntings. Overall, daytime light intensity emerges as a key factor that fine-tunes the photoperiodic response and regulates active and sleep behaviour in migratory buntings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113081"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoprotection and antioxidant activity of eumelanin from Streptomyces lasalocidi NTB 42 and its photoprotective effects on Schizosaccharomyces pombe ARC039","authors":"Muhammad Asril ,&nbsp;Rika Indri Astuti ,&nbsp;Iman Rusmana ,&nbsp;Aris Tri Wahyudi","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the photoprotective and antioxidant properties of eumelanin derived from <em>Streptomyces lasalocidi</em> NTB 42 (eumelanin NTB 42). This study also investigated the cellular-level photoprotective effects of eumelanin using <em>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</em> ARC039 as a model organism and its ability to enhance the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of commercial sunscreens. The thermal and light stability and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed. Antioxidant activity was assessed using hydroxyl radicals (OH<img>), and superoxide anions (O₂^.-) radical-scavenging assays. The efficacy of photoprotection was determined using various in vitro methods, yeast cell viability assays, and enhanced SPF values of commercial sunscreen products. Eumelanin NTB 42 exhibited both thermal and photostabilities. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were reported as 88.82 ± 0.68 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 53.24 ± 2.66 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g, respectively, representing the first report on microbial eumelanin. Eumelanin NTB 42 demonstrated significant scavenging activity against OH<img> and O₂^.-. It also displays notable photoprotective effects against UV-B radiation, offering broad-spectrum coverage and optimal protection against UV-A radiation. It effectively acted as a sunblock against UV-A and UV-B radiation. Furthermore, eumelanin NTB 42 enhanced <em>S. pombe</em> ARC039 cell viability after exposure to UV-B and UV-C for 30–90 min. It also augmented the SPF value of commercial products at a minimum concentration of 0.0025 %. These findings highlight the potential antioxidant and photoprotective properties of eumelanin NTB 42, suggesting its applicability as a raw material for sunscreen formulations in the cosmetic industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113085"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the antineoplastic properties of the photosensitizer biscyanine in 2D and 3D tumor cell models and artificial skin models","authors":"Pedro Victor Silva Resende ,&nbsp;Izabela Natália Faria Gomes ,&nbsp;Maria Clara Peixoto ,&nbsp;Giulia Rodrigues Stringhetta ,&nbsp;Lidia Maria Rebolho Batista Arantes ,&nbsp;Vladimir Alexandrovich Kuzmin ,&nbsp;Iouri Borissevitch ,&nbsp;Rui Manuel Reis ,&nbsp;Vinícius de Lima Vazquez ,&nbsp;Lucimara Perpetua Ferreira ,&nbsp;Renato José Silva Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality that combines the application of a photoactive compound (photosensitizer, PS) with low-power light to generate reactive oxygen species in the target tissue, resulting in cytotoxic damage and cell death, while sparing adjacent tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phototoxicity of a cyanine dye with two chromophores (biscyanines, BCD) in systems with varying levels of cellular organization, and we used the Photogem® (a photosensitizer approved by the Brazilian ANVISA agency for clinical use in Photodynamic Therapy) as a positive control.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed <em>in vitro</em> in 2D monolayers, 3D spheroid cultures, and artificial skin models. Four tumoral cell lines A375 (melanoma), HCB-541 (cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma), Vu120T and Vu147T (head and neck cancer), and two normal cell lines fibroblastic HFF-1 and keratinocyte HACAT were used in this study. Cell viability, migration, production of reactive oxygen species, expression of proteins linked to DNA damage and repair, internalization, and skin permeation of PS agents.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Light irradiation in the presence of the PS resulted in greater cytotoxic effects for BCD as compared to Photogem®, which was accompanied by an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species including H₂O₂, elevated levels of cleaved PARP, and a higher rate of phosphorylated H2AX protein. BCD demonstrated enhanced internalization and bioaccumulation in the spheroids and equivalent skin models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BCD, as a photosensitizer, showed higher cytotoxicity, with an increased ability to generate reactive oxygen species. This led to reduced cell viability, inhibited migration, and upregulated DNA damage-related proteins. Additionally, its enhanced cellular uptake improved skin barrier permeability, making BCD a strong candidate for <em>in vivo</em> Photodynamic Therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-infrared light therapy normalizes amyloid load, neuronal lipid membrane order, rafts and cholesterol level in Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Iuliia Golovynska ,&nbsp;Sergii Golovynskyi ,&nbsp;Yurii V. Stepanov ,&nbsp;Jinghan Qu ,&nbsp;Renlong Zhang ,&nbsp;Junle Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cholesterol dysregulation, disorder of neuronal membrane lipid packing, and lipid rafts lead to the synthesis and accumulation of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ), contributing to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study shows that near-infrared (NIR) transcranial photobiomodulation therapy (tPBMT) can reduce Aβ load and restore the properties of neuronal plasma membrane, including Aβ production, bilayer order, rafts, lipid content, and Ca²⁺ channels during AD. Mice in the experiments were exposed to 808-nm LED for 1 h daily over 3 months. In the APOE transgenic model with cholesterol dysregulation, the cholesterol levels increased by 22 times, causing healthy neurons to produce toxic Aβ three times faster, increasing its load by five times. Consequently, Aβ disrupts the membrane bilayer and prompts the formation of lipid rafts and pores. NIR-tPBMT can nearly half attenuate Aβ load, restore membrane lipid order and rigidity, reduce the number of lipid rafts, modulate cholesterol synthesis, normalize Ca²⁺ influx by activated endocytosis, and reduce neuronal death. The Ca²⁺ influx induced by light does not cause excitotoxicity but modulates Ca²⁺/calmodulin signaling involved in AD mechanisms and cell viability. The transcriptome analysis of the brain cortex and hippocampus shows that light can downregulate Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent AD-risk genes BACE, PSEN, and APP, and normalize cholesterol homeostasis via the HMGCR, DHCR7, and INSIG1 genes. Additionally, light enhances neuron resistance to the endoplasmic reticulum stress via activating transcription factors of the unfolded protein response. Thus, red/NIR light could be promising in combating AD, restoring synaptic plasticity in degenerating neurons and reducing Aβ load.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113086"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel peptide inhibitor of matrix Metalloproteinases-1 from pufferfish skin collagen hydrolysates and its potential Photoprotective activity via the MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway","authors":"Bei Chen ,&nbsp;Shuilin Cai ,&nbsp;Lulu Cui ,&nbsp;Ting Yu ,&nbsp;Kun Qiao ,&nbsp;Yongchang Su ,&nbsp;Min Xu ,&nbsp;Haiyan Tang ,&nbsp;Shuji Liu ,&nbsp;Ming Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiyu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Takifugu bimaculatus,</em> a pufferfish species farmed in Fujian Province, is known for its non-toxic flesh and collagen-rich skin. We identified a novel collagen-derived matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) inhibitory peptide, from <em>T. bimaculatus</em> skin with potent anti-photoaging properties. Using multistage membrane and gel filtration chromatography, we purified low-molecular-weight collagen peptides from <em>T. bimaculatus</em> skin (TBSCH-L). Nano-HPLC-MS/MS and virtual molecular docking screening were employed to identify peptides targeting MMP-1. Four anti-photoaging peptide sequences, GDRGFPGE, GPAGPRGA, FPGGPGAK, and RGFPGGDGAA, were identified by assessing the viability of UVB-induced L929 cells. GPAGPRGA (GP8) exhibited the highest MMP-1 inhibitory activity and cellular photoprotection. Surface plasmon resonance confirmed high-affinity binding between MMP-1 and GP8. GP8 significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity at concentrations of 100–200 μM in UVB-exposed L929 cells. At 200 μM, GP8 significantly decreased malondialdehyde content. GP8 also accelerated migration of L929 cells, demonstrating its wound-healing potential, markedly reduced intracellular β-galactosidase levels, and downregulated phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p38 proteins, and c-Jun protein expression within the MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway, thereby lowering MMP expression in L929 cells. Exposure of zebrafish to 25–100 μM GP8 effectively mitigated UVB-induced damage, restoring up to 31.2 % of caudal fin integrity, while significantly reducing ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, and cellular apoptosis. GP8, a novel marine-derived anti-photoaging peptide, holds promise for applications in cosmetic and functional food sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep dive into the diversity and properties of rhodopsins in actinomycetes of the family Geodermatophilaceae","authors":"Sergey V. Tarlachkov ,&nbsp;Irina P. Starodumova ,&nbsp;Olga V. Boueva ,&nbsp;Sergei V. Chernyshov ,&nbsp;Lyudmila I. Evtushenko","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, most studies of microbial rhodopsins have focused on their identification and characterization in aquatic bacteria. In 2021, actinomycetes of the family <em>Geodermatophilaceae</em>, commonly inhabiting terrestrial ecosystems in hot and arid regions, have been reported to contain rhodopsins with DTEW, DTEF and NDQ amino acid motifs. An advanced bioinformatics analysis performed in this work additionally revealed NTQ rhodopsin and heliorhodopsins. The absorption maxima identified for rhodopsins from the above five groups ranged from 513 nm (NTQ rhodopsin) to 559 nm (heliorhodopsin). An assessment of pumping specificity showed that DTEW and DTEF rhodopsins possessed outward H⁺-transport activities. Ca²⁺ ions were required for pumping if <em>E. coli</em> C43(DE3) was used as an expression strain, but were unnecessary in the case of <em>E. coli</em> BL21(DE3). For NDQ rhodopsin, outward H⁺-transport was detected in NaCl and KCl solutions at pH 5 and 6, but not at neutral pH. A weak Na⁺-efflux was observed for this rhodopsin at pH 6 and 7 in a NaCl solution only in the presence of proton ionophore. NTQ rhodopsin acted as an inward Cl⁻-, Br⁻-, and I⁻- pump, with a much weaker activity towards NO³⁻. No pumping activity was detected for the heliorhodopsin tested. The finding of rhodopsins with novel properties further expands the rhodopsin landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113083"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excited-state antioxidant activity for apigenin based on external electric field-modulated ESIPT behavior: TD-DFT and molecular docking calculations","authors":"Xingzhu Tang ,&nbsp;Ye Wang ,&nbsp;Lingling Wang ,&nbsp;Yajie Zhang ,&nbsp;Chaofan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Apigenin (Api), a flavonoid possessing dual features of antioxidant activity and intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB), is subjected to an external electric field (EEF) to investigate its excited-state antioxidant activity after excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) behavior employing the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods, as well as molecular docking. The existence of IMHB is demonstrated by structural parameters and AIM topological analysis, where Api in the enol^⁎ form under an EEF of +60 × 10⁻⁴ a.u. possesses strong IMHB. The potential energy curves confirm that the ESIPT process varies from barrierless to barriered as the positive EEF grows, thus determining the excited-state form. Api exhibits strong excited-state antioxidant activity in vitro whether or not under an EEF, especially under the EEF of −40 × 10⁻⁴ a.u., utilizing HOMO energy. According to average local ionization energy (ALIE), the electrophilic reaction site also changes after ESIPT process under the EEF, and the activity is significantly increased. Furthermore, activation of the antioxidant Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway in vivo, namely, the interaction of Keap1 protein with Api, calculated by molecular docking, suggests that an interaction between the Keap1 and excited-state Api exists accompanying lower and variable bind energy under the distinct EEFs. Taken together, combining the modulation of the ESIPT process with the excited-state antioxidant activity is an effective approach to enhance the antioxidant activity of compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113087"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}