Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology最新文献

{"title":"Microstructural regulation of Ir(III) complexes for enhanced photocytotoxicity in photodynamic cancer therapy","authors":"Xiaomeng Liu ,&nbsp;Qing Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Li ,&nbsp;Zhewen Deng ,&nbsp;Senqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Bo Ma ,&nbsp;Rui Liu ,&nbsp;Hongjun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malignant tumors continue to be the most common and remain one of the leading causes of death with increasing incidence, mortality, and burden. Traditional chemotherapeutic agents often encounter significant side effects and demonstrate lackluster efficacy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely recognized as a microtrauma therapeutic method for tumor treatment technique. Ir(III) complexes are a potential photosensitizer (PS) type due to their excellent photophysical properties. <strong>Ir-1</strong> and <strong>Ir-2,</strong> which are two novel Ir(III) complexes were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques, the key structural difference lies in the position of a benzene in the C^N ligand. This slight change makes <strong>Ir-2</strong> have a better intersystem crossing (ISC) ability and thus has more excellent triplet excited state properties. So <strong>Ir-2</strong> shows high singlet oxygen (¹O₂) production and photocytotoxicity with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 40 nM, effectively inhibiting and eliminating tumors in mice while demonstrating good biosafety. This study highlights the importance of precise molecular design in developing highly efficient PSs for PDT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 113122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vicenin-2 reduces inflammation and apoptosis to relieve skin photoaging via suppressing GSK3β","authors":"Xinru Hu ,&nbsp;Meng Chen ,&nbsp;Bowen Tan,&nbsp;Hao Yang,&nbsp;Shanyong Li,&nbsp;Rucheng Li,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhang,&nbsp;Feng Long,&nbsp;Yinghao Huang,&nbsp;Xi Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Skin photoaging caused by ultraviolet rays (UVR) not only affects the appearance, but also leads to benign and malignant skin tumors. Vicenin-2, a bioflavonoid, exhibits anti-UVB properties, but its potential in preventing skin photoaging and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of Vicenin-2 in treating photoaging through network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and experimental validation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We utilized PubChem, Swiss Target Prediction, and Target Net databases to obtain the action targets of Vicenin-2. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), GeneCards, and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) databases were employed to hunt for photoaging-related targets. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted via the Metascape database. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation methods were used for analyzing the binding sites and binding energies between Vicenin-2 and photoaging targets. Then, a photoaging mouse model and a Human foreskin fibroblast cells (HFF-1) model were created, the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of action of Vicenin-2 were validated by Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E), Masson staining and Elastica-Van Gieson (EVG) Staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot (WB), Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) Assay, Antioxidant enzyme activities and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The screening of chemical composition and targets indicated that 249 genetic targets of Vicenin-2 were related to photoaging. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that Matrix Metalloproteinases 9(MMP9), Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3(GSK3β), Heat Shock Protein 90 AA1(HSP90AA1) and Nuclear Factor kappa-B1(NF-κB1) might be potential targets for Vicenin-2 in photoaging therapy. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation further showed that Vicenin-2 had the best binding to GSK3β. Through experimental verification, it has been demonstrated that Vicenin-2 alleviate photoaging, acting on GSK3β to regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase/serine-threonione kinase (PI3K/Akt) pathways, by reducing inflammation and apoptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Vicenin-2 has anti-inflammatory and apoptosis-reducing effects through the action of multiple targets to relieve skin photoaging. Among them, GSK3β is the validated therapeutic target of Vicenin-2, which provides new ideas and clues for the development of photoaging therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 113117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis, characterization, and multifaceted applications of Elytraria acaulis synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles: Anticancer, antibacterial, larvicidal, and photocatalytic activities.","authors":"Manickam Sathiyaraj ,&nbsp;Devan Elumalai ,&nbsp;Venugopal Rajendran ,&nbsp;Maduraiveeran Hemavathi ,&nbsp;Kamalanathan Ashok ,&nbsp;Muthu Babu ,&nbsp;Ulaganathan Monisha ,&nbsp;Subramaniyan Poonguzhali ,&nbsp;Sankar Punithavalli ,&nbsp;Gnanasekaran Abirami","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts has emerged as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional methods, offering potential applications in biomedicine and environmental remediation. This study demonstrates the successful biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using <em>Euphorbia acaulis</em> leaf extract as a reducing and capping agent. The nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, HR-SEM, EDX, TEM, AFM, XRD, and FTIR analyses, confirming their successful synthesis and revealing their predominantly spherical morphology with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm. SNPs and GNPs exhibited significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with IC₅₀ values of 59.87 μg/mL and 91.074 μg/mL, respectively. The nanoparticles induce apoptosis and DNA damage in cancer cells, as evidenced by propidium iodide staining, DAPI staining, and comet assay. In antibacterial studies, SNPs demonstrated superior activity against both <em>E. coli</em> (17.00 mm zone of inhibition) and <em>S. aureus</em> (10.77 mm zone of inhibition) compared to GNPs. The nanoparticles also showed promising larvicidal activity against <em>Aedes aegypti</em>, with SNPs exhibiting higher potency (LC₅₀: 20.81 mg/L) than GNPs (LC₅₀: 51.10 mg/L). Histopathological analysis revealed significant tissue damage in SNP-treated larvae, particularly in the midgut, hindgut, muscles, and nerve ganglia. Additionally, both nanoparticles demonstrated photocatalytic activity in degrading methylene blue dye, with SNPs showing superior performance. These findings suggest that biofunctionalized SNPs and GNPs synthesized using <em>E. acaulis</em> possess multiple biological applications, making them promising candidates for various biomedical and environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 113102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoinactivation of sulfate-reducing bacteria using 1,9-dimethyl-methylene blue – DMMB and laser light","authors":"Gustavo Vital dos Santos ,&nbsp;Hesrom Fernandes Serra Moura ,&nbsp;Pedro Jorge Louro Crugeira ,&nbsp;Anna Paula Lima Teixeira da Silva ,&nbsp;Isabele Cardoso Vieira de Castro ,&nbsp;Wellington Luís Reis Costa ,&nbsp;Paulo Fernando de Almeida ,&nbsp;Antonio Luiz Barbosa Pinheiro","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Annually, the oil and gas industry faces equipment losses and product quality degradation due to the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Given the negative impact of SRB, this study evaluates the use of photoinactivation (PI) with zinc chloride double salt of 1,9-Dimethyl-Methylene Blue (DMMB) as a photosensitizer (PS) in varying concentrations and combined with Laser light at different exposures in an SRB consortium. For culture growth, a modified Postgate C medium (without ferrous sulfate) was used, and cell quantification was performed on 100 μL aliquots of the consortium, read on a spectrophotometer (λ600 nm) in an oxygen- and light-free environment at room temperature. Statistical analyses included two-way ANOVA and ANOVA with interaction to separately and jointly evaluate the effects of PS and light in PI. Results indicated microbial activity in all groups, with an antimicrobial inhibition rate exceeding 50 % (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) for concentrations above 1.5 μg/mL of DMMB. PI efficacy significantly depended on DMMB concentration and light density, achieving a 70.58 % (55.73–70.58, with a mean of 66.71 %) reduction (p &lt; 0.05) with 1.5 μg/mL of DMMB and a 70.15 % (65–70.15, with a mean of 68.21 %) reduction with 2.0 μg/mL at an intensity of 21.6 J/cm². In conclusion, PI presents a promising alternative to biocides in the oil and gas industry, offering easy application, avoiding bacterial resistance, being environmentally safe, and compatible with other SRB population control techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 113103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative investigation of structural properties and biological applications of chemical and biogenic synthesis of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles using Passiflora edulis","authors":"Preetha S,&nbsp;Anilkumar P,&nbsp;Nisha Jenifar A","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the last decade, the environmental and wellness cost of antibiotic drug resistance to the societies have been astounding and require urgent attention Metal oxide nanomaterials have been achieved a pull-on deal with its entire applications in biological and photocatalytic applications. The present study conducts a comparative investigation on chemical and biogenic synthesis of zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) nanoparticles aimed at enhancing their efficacy in their applications. The plant extract of <em>Passiflora edulis</em> act as a reducing and capping properties offering a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative. ZrO₂ nanoparticles have drawn a lot of scrutiny owing to their potential uses in numerous fields, including medicine and environmental remediation. Thereby produced ZrO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by employing sustainable techniques, and their successful production and their uses were confirmed by characterization by XRD, FTIR, UV–visible spectroscopy, SEM, EDAX, PL, TEM, XPS, TGA and Raman spectroscopy. The zirconia nanoparticles synthesized using chemical and green methods exhibited ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) absorption maxima at 221 and 224 nm, respectively, demonstrating their synthesis. X-ray diffraction research revealed that the nanoparticles possess a tetragonal shape, with mean particle sizes of 11 nm and 7 nm, respectively. The synthesized ZrO₂ nanoparticles (ZrO₂ and Ext-ZrO₂) exhibited inhibitory effects against Gram-positive strains (<em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>) and Gram-negative germs (<em>Escherichia coli</em> and Pseudomonas aureus), with zones of inhibition measuring (12, 8 mm), (8, 11 mm), (12, 15 mm), and (7, 12 mm) correspondingly. The antitumor activity of ZrO₂ and Ext-ZrO₂ was assessed using human colon cancer cells (HT29). The MTT assay was employed to assess the cytotoxicity of ZrO₂ nanospheres on the HT-29 cell line at various concentrations (7.5, 15.6, 31.2, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 μg/ml). The HT29 cell line exhibits a reduction in cell viability from 96 % to 34 % when the concentration of ZrO₂ nanoparticles escalates. The photocatalytic activity of ZrO₂ and Ext-ZrO₂ exhibited absorbance deterioration at around 445 nm, resulting in the discoloration of Rh B dye under UV light irradiation after 100 min, achieving maximal degradation rates of 96 % and 99 %, respectively. Consequently, the synthesized ZrO₂ and Ext-ZrO₂ may be utilized in antibiotic formulation, pharmaceutical sectors, and photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 113089"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aggregated gold nanoparticles as photoactivators for the photopolymerization of proteins","authors":"Bryce Urian,&nbsp;Rachael Harsch,&nbsp;Lukas Yurasits,&nbsp;Carolyn Proger,&nbsp;Swarna Basu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photopolymerization of bovine serum albumin was carried out using reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the irradiation of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles by a pulsed Nd³⁺:YAG laser. The ROS in this case, singlet oxygen (¹O₂), targets aromatic amino acids within the protein to induce photopolymerization or crosslinking. Other ROS, like the hydroxyl radical, can also form in solution and under high-energy irradiation. The gold nanoparticles were aggregated using different cations in order to maximize singlet oxygen production. Experimental parameters like exposure time and laser power were optimized to minimize damage and maximize crosslinking efficiency, and damage-free crosslinking was observed at laser exposures up to 60 s with samples containing calcium demonstrating most efficient crosslinking. To confirm the role of ROS in crosslinking, the reactive oxygen scavengers sodium azide and mannitol were added at different concentrations to scavenge the singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical, respectively, and both were observed to stop or slow the formation of crosslinking. The use of gold nanoparticles offers an inert and biocompatible alternative to organic crosslinking agents like rose Bengal and methylene blue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 113099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wavelength-dependency of the impact of light on proliferation and DNA damage of corneal cells in vitro","authors":"Anaïs Françon ,&nbsp;Francine Behar-Cohen ,&nbsp;Alicia Torriglia","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wavelength-dependent impact of light has been mainly studied focusing on retina. In particular, an opposite effect of the two ends of the visible spectrum was observed, with blue wavelengths being harmful and red wavelengths being protective. However, few studies on the cornea indicate that the increasing exposition to artificial light due to digital devices is linked to an increase in computer vision syndrome affecting the cornea. In this study, we aim at deciphering the impact of blue and red LED light on a primary culture of corneal endothelial cells, by looking at cell death and proliferation, and at DNA replication and DNA breaks. Our results show that exposure to blue light at 5.35 J/cm² (455 nm) induces the inhibition of DNA replication and cell proliferation, and the formation of DNA breaks, highlighted by the formation of γH2AX foci and DNA fragmentation. Addition of red light at 0.3 J/cm² (630 nm) to blue light mitigates the formation of DNA damage and delays the kinetics of formation and repair of the damage. Interestingly, exposure of the corneal cells to red light alone induces the formation of γH2AX foci that do not correspond to DNA breaks, but to DNA replication forks in proliferative cells. Our results highlight the wavelength-dependent effect of light on the cornea, and point out that the formation of γH2AX foci is not always representative of DNA breaks. This emphasizes the importance of light spectrum in eye health, an important issue in today's changing light environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 113118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143241305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme-assisted Rosa davurica mitigates UV-induced skin photodamage by modulating apoptosis through Nrf2/ARE and MAPK/NF-κB pathways","authors":"Qiwen Zheng ,&nbsp;Su-Jin Yang ,&nbsp;Eun-Ji Yi ,&nbsp;Se-Jig Park ,&nbsp;Xiangji Jin ,&nbsp;Trang Thi Minh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Gyeong-Seon Yi ,&nbsp;Yong-Jun Jeon ,&nbsp;Tae-Hoo Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2025.113098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to UV irradiation results in abnormal, extensive apoptosis of skin cells. This excessive cell death can promote inflammation and alter the microenvironment, increasing the risk of skin cancer. Despite extensive research, few materials are effective at simultaneously protecting against both UVA and UVB irradiation. This study aims to develop dual-action material using enzyme-assisted extraction of <em>Rosa davurica</em> Pall (RD) to prevent skin photodamage caused by UVA and UVB irradiation. Three different enzymes were used to assist the extraction of RD, followed by an analysis of the changes in active component levels. Skin photodamage models were established by exposing Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts (NHDF) and HaCaT cells to UVA and UVB irradiation. The impact of enzyme-assisted extracted RD (ERD) on Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and cell apoptosis was assessed using Flow Cytometry. The effects of ERDs on inflammatory cytokines were measured using ELISA, and RT-PCR was used to evaluate its impact on apoptotic gene expression in photodamaged cells. Furthermore, the impact of ERDs on the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Antioxidant response element (ARE) and Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways was assessed through Western blot analysis. Finally, the impact of ERDs on full-thickness artificial skin tissue after UV irradiation was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining. Furthermore, leveraging the experimental results, network pharmacology was utilized to explore the potential of ERDs in preventing skin cancer. Enzyme-assisted extraction enhanced the bioactive components of RD. ERDs effectively reduced ROS levels and suppressed the secretion of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 by modulating the Nrf2/ARE and inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. This mechanism promoted the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and decreased the activity of proapoptotic genes BAX, caspase-3, and caspase-9, thereby countering UV-induced apoptosis. Additionally, staining results demonstrated that ERDs effectively repaired UV-induced photodamage and maintained the integrity of skin structure. ERDs provides comprehensive protection against photodamage induced by UVA and UVB irradiation, demonstrating its potential as an effective photoprotective material and possibly in preventing skin cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 113098"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro anti-biofilm efficacy of therapeutic low dose 265 nm UVC","authors":"Sanjay Marasini ,&nbsp;Simon J. Dean ,&nbsp;Simon Swift ,&nbsp;Jagir R. Hussan ,&nbsp;Jennifer P. Craig","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Preclinical studies have confirmed the safety and efficacy of narrowband low-intensity ultraviolet C light (UVC) in managing bacterial corneal infection. To further consolidate these findings, the present study aimed to explore <em>in vitro</em> anti-biofilm efficacy of low-intensity UVC light for its potential use in biofilm-related infections.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> biofilm was grown in chamber well slides for 48 h and exposed to one of the following challenges: UVC (265 nm wavelength, intensity 1.93 mW/cm²) for 15 s, 30 s, 60 s or 120 s duration, 70% propanol (positive control), or no exposure (negative control). Bacterial LIVE/DEAD staining was conducted at 1 h, 4 h, 6 h and 8 h after challenge exposures to assess the temporal pattern of biofilm inactivation, and slides were imaged using confocal microscopy. Treatment efficacy was quantified by dead biofilm biomass (volume/area - μm³/μm²) for different treatment groups at each time point.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At each time point post-exposure, dead biofilm biomass was consistently higher in the alcohol- and UVC-challenged groups than in the unchallenged control (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), suggesting a sustained biocidal impact after a given challenge. The quantity of dead biofilm biomass did not differ between UVC groups at any time point (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Observed by confocal microscopy, UVC-exposed biofilm demonstrated predominantly intermediate-stage biofilm (<em>i.e.</em>, dying state) at 1 h, which progressed to dead biofilm by 4 h.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Low doses of UVC demonstrated potent anti-biofilm activity, even in exposures as short as 15 s, the dose that has previously been deemed to be effective in managing corneal infection <em>in vivo</em>. These data support the potential for this UVC light-based technology to serve as an affordable, convenient, and effective means of treating ocular infections associated with bacterial biofilm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 113091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy with Erythrosin B, Eosin Y, and Rose Bengal for the inhibition of fungal keratitis isolates: An in vitro study","authors":"Brandon Chou ,&nbsp;Katherine Krishna ,&nbsp;Heather Durkee ,&nbsp;Felipe Echeverri Tribin ,&nbsp;Anam Ahmed ,&nbsp;James Lai ,&nbsp;Mariela C. Aguilar ,&nbsp;Braulio C.L.B. Ferreira ,&nbsp;Roger M. Leblanc ,&nbsp;Harry W. Flynn Jr ,&nbsp;Guillermo Amescua ,&nbsp;Jean-Marie Parel ,&nbsp;Darlene Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Fungal keratitis is a leading cause of corneal blindness, with current antifungal treatments having limited efficacy. One promising treatment modality is Rose Bengal (RB) photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PDAT) that has shown mixed success against fungal keratitis. Therefore, there is a need to explore the antimicrobial efficacy of other green-light activated photosensitizers that have deep penetration in the cornea to combat the deep fungal infections, such as Erythrosin B (EB) and Eosin Y (EY).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study will explore PDAT inhibitory effects with different photosensitizers, RB, EB, and EY against two common fungal ocular isolates, <em>Aspergillus</em> spp. and <em>Fusarium</em> spp.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve fungal isolates (<em>Fusarium</em> spp., <em>n</em> = 6, <em>Aspergillus</em> spp., n = 6) were prepared in suspension for evaluation of growth inhibition to PDAT with three photosensitizers, EB, EY, and RB. Custom green light source (λ = 518 nm, energy density = 5.4 J/cm²) was applied to the experimental groups for 15 min. Fungal growth inhibition was assessed after experimentation by analyzing the area of growth within the irradiated zone on agar plates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All twelve fungal isolates showed no inhibition to EB, EY, and RB without irradiation. <em>Fusarium</em> spp. were more susceptible to PDAT than <em>Aspergillus</em> spp. In all <em>Fusarium solani</em> strains, all photosensitizers with light showed full inhibition within the 47 mm diameter irradiation zone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>EB, EY, and RB PDAT demonstrated comparable antifungal inhibition against six <em>Fusarium</em> ocular isolates; these findings in conjunction with the deeper tissue penetration of EB and EY, are of interest to treat more advanced and deeper cases of fungal keratitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 113090"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}