Journal of Pharmacopuncture最新文献

{"title":"<i>Indigo Naturalis</i> in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: mechanisms of action and insights from clinical trials.","authors":"Hyeonjin Kim, Soohyun Jeong, Sung Wook Kim, Hyung-Jin Kim, Dae Yong Kim, Tae Han Yook, Gabsik Yang","doi":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.2.59","DOIUrl":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.2.59","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the therapeutic potential of <i>Indigo Naturalis</i> (IN) in treating a Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The objective is to comprehensively examine the effects and pharmacological mechanisms of IN on IBD, assessing its potential as an novel treatment for IBD. Analysis of 11 selected papers is conducted to understand the effects of IN, focusing on compounds like indirubin, isatin, indigo, and tryptanthrin. This study evaluates their impact on Disease Activity Index (DAI) score, colon length, mucosal damage, and macrophage infiltration in Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Additionally, It investigate into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms, including Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) pathway activation, Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB)/nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)/Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) inhibition, and modulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88)/NF-κB and Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways. Immunomodulatory effects on T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg cell) balance and Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3-β) expression are also explored. Furthermore, the study addresses the role of IN in restoring intestinal microbiota diversity, reducing pathogenic bacteria, and increasing beneficial bacteria. The findings reveal that IN, particularly indirubin and indigo, demonstrates significant improvements in DAI score, colon length, mucosal damage, and macrophage infiltration in DSS-induced colitis mice. The anti-inflammatory effects are attributed to the activation of the AhR pathway, inhibition of inflammatory pathways, and modulation of immune responses. These results exhibit the potential of IN in IBD treatment. Notably, the restoration of intestinal microbiota diversity and balance further supports its efficacy. IN emerges as a promising and effective treatment for IBD, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects and positive outcomes in preclinical studies. However, potential side effects necessitate further investigation for safe therapeutic development. The study underscores the need for future research to explore a broader range of active ingredients in IN to enhance therapeutic efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":16769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacopuncture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11194518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Finger Warts Treated Using Taeeumjowi-tang: a case report.","authors":"Yeon-Kyoung Pak, Sang-Won Shin","doi":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.2.172","DOIUrl":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.2.172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Warts caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) are generally treated with cryotherapy, CO₂ laser ablation, interferon injections, and bleomycin injections. However, it is sometimes difficult to treat children because the treatment can be painful. In addition, recurrence may occur after treatment. In this study, warts completely disappeared following the administration of herbal medicine in two children, with warts in multiple parts of the hands and around the nails. Two pediatric patients visited the hospital for treatment of warts around their fingers and nails. Both patients received Taeeumjowi-tang (TJT) as a decoction for 60 days. TJT was performed twice per day for the 11-year-old patient and once per day for the 7-year-old patient. Patient progress was observed monthly, and the visual condition of the warts was photographed during the visits. After approximately two months of treatment, the warts disappeared from the fingers and nails of both patients. This case study suggests that the oral administration of TJT may be effective for pediatric patients with warts. Further studies are required to determine the efficacy and safety of these therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacopuncture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11194524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity Assessment of a No-Pain Pharmacopuncture Extract Using a Standard Battery of <i>In Vitro</i> Chromosome Aberration Tests.","authors":"Ji Hye Hwang","doi":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.1.38","DOIUrl":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.1.38","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Genotoxicity is evaluated through a chromosomal aberration test using cultured mammalian cells to determine the toxicity of no-pain pharmacopuncture (NPP), which has recently been used to treat musculoskeletal pain disorders in Korean medical clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An initial test was performed to determine the dosage range of the NPP, followed by the main test. In this study, NPP doses of 10.0, 5.0, and 2.5%, and negative and positive controls were tested. An <i>in vitro</i> chromosome aberration test was performed using Chinese hamster lung cells under short-term treatment with or without metabolic activation and under continuous treatment without metabolic activation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the saline negative control group, NPP did not significantly increase the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in Chinese hamster lung cells, regardless of the presence or absence of metabolic activation. Additionally, the number of cells with structural chromosomal abnormalities was significantly higher in the positive control group than that in the negative control group that received saline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the above results, the chromosomal abnormality-producing effect of NPP was determined to be negative under these test conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacopuncture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Drug Carriage Efficiency of Curcumin-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles in Combating Diabetic Nephropathy via Mitigation of Renal Apoptosis.","authors":"Asmita Samadder, Banani Bhattacharjee, Sudatta Dey, Arnob Chakrovorty, Rishita Dey, Priyanka Sow, Debojyoti Tarafdar, Maharaj Biswas, Sisir Nandi","doi":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.1.1","DOIUrl":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The <i>Curcuma</i>-derived diferuloylmethane compound CUR, loaded on Poly (lactide-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles was utilized to combat DN-induced renal apoptosis by selectively targeting and modulating Bcl2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Upon <i>in silico</i> molecular docking and screening study CUR was selected as the core phytocompound for nanoparticle formulation. PLGA-nano-encapsulated-curcumin (NCUR) were synthesized following standard solvent displacement method. The NCUR were characterized for shape, size and other physico-chemical properties by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy studies. For <i>in vivo</i> validation of nephro-protective effects, <i>Mus musculus</i> were pre-treated with CUR at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. and NCUR at a dose of 25 mg/kg b.w. (dose 1), 12.5 mg/kg b.w (dose 2) followed by alloxan administration (100 mg/kg b.w) and serum glucose levels, histopathology and immunofluorescence study were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>in silico</i> study revealed a strong affinity of CUR towards Bcl2 (dock score -10.94 Kcal/mol). The synthesized NCUR were of even shape, devoid of cracks and holes with mean size of ~80 nm having -7.53 mV zeta potential. Dose 1 efficiently improved serum glucose levels, tissue-specific expression of Bcl2 and reduced glomerular space and glomerular sclerosis in comparison to hyperglycaemic group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study essentially validates the potential of NCUR to inhibit DN by reducing blood glucose level and mitigating glomerular apoptosis by selectively promoting Bcl2 protein expression in kidney tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":16769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacopuncture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Report of Prolonged Hemorrhage Following Traditional Phlebotomy (Fasd).","authors":"Sajjad Sadeghi","doi":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.1.47","DOIUrl":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.1.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phlebotomy, a therapeutic method of bloodletting typically performed using a needle, has a traditional technique known as \"Fasd.\" In this method, blood is extracted by creating a longitudinal incision on a vein (3-5 mm) with a surgical scalpel blade, usually blade No. 11. Due to the incision in the vessel wall, establishing hemostasis is more challenging compared to conventional methods. Hemostasis is usually achieved within minutes after Fasd. We present a case highlighting an uncommon yet significant complication of traditional phlebotomy. A 55-year-old man with no prior medical conditions underwent traditional phlebotomy at an academic traditional medicine clinic. Senior MD-PhD students in Iranian Traditional Medicine, under professor supervision, performed Fasd. A sterile scalpel blade No. 11 was used to create a longitudinal incision of approximately 4 mm on the patient's median basilic vein in the right hand. After removing 400 cc of blood, a pressure dressing was applied to the incision site. Despite attempts such as hand elevation, ice pack application, prolonged direct pressure, and tight elastic bandaging, bleeding from the incision persisted. After an hour of supportive therapy, hemostasis was eventually achieved within a few minutes using burnt cotton dressing (a traditional method for blood hemostasis). Following intravenous hydration, the patient was discharged in stable condition and reported no issues during the one-month follow-up. The traditional phlebotomy (Fasd) carries the risk of serious complications, including uncontrolled and prolonged bleeding. Further research on the efficacy and safety of burnt cotton dressing for controlling hemostasis is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":16769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacopuncture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacoacupuncture for the Treatment of Frozen Shoulder: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ji-Ho Lee, Hyeon-Sun Park, Sang-Hyeon Park, Dong-Ho Keum, Seo-Hyun Park","doi":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.1.14","DOIUrl":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Frozen shoulder (FS) is one of the most challenging shoulder disorders for patients and clinicians. Its symptoms mainly include any combination of stiffness, nocturnal pain, and limitation of active and passive glenohumeral joint movement. Conventional treatment options for FS are physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, injection therapy, and arthroscopic capsular release, but adverse and limited effects continue to present problems. As a result, pharmacoacupuncture (PA) is getting attention as an alternative therapy for patients with FS. PA is a new form of acupuncture treatment in traditional Korean medicine (TKM) that is mainly used for musculoskeletal diseases. It has similarity and specificity compared to corticosteroid injection and hydrodilatation, making it a potential alternative injection therapy for FS. However, no systematic reviews investigating the utilization of PA for FS have been published. Therefore, this review aims to standardize the clinical use of PA for FS and validate its therapeutic effect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The protocol was registered in Prospero (CRD42023445708) on 18 July 2023. Until Aug. 31, 2023, seven electronic databases will be searched for randomized controlled trials of PA for FS. Authors will be contacted, and manual searches will also be performed. Two reviewers will independently screen and collect data from retrieved articles according to predefined criteria. The primary outcome will be pain intensity, and secondary outcomes will be effective rate, Constant-Murley Score, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, range of motion, quality of life, and adverse events. Bias and quality of the included trials will be assessed using the Cochrane handbook's risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Meta analyses will be conducted using Review Manager V.5.3 software. GRADE will be used to evaluate the level of evidence for each outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted following PRISMA statement. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review will provide scientific evidence to support health insurance policy as well as the standardization of PA in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacopuncture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study of Stress-Induced Alopecia Areata Treated with Hominis Placenta Pharmacopunture.","authors":"Yeon Woo Song, Seo Young Kang, Chae Won Kang, Seok Hee Kim, Kyung Jin Lee, Yeon Ju Kim, Jong Uk Kim, Tae Han Yook","doi":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.1.53","DOIUrl":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.1.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study is to report the clinical application of Hominis Placenta Pharmacopunture for Alopecia areata. Patient was diagnosed as stress-induced Alopecia areata 1 years ago. To reduce symptom, we treated a patient 8 times using Hominis Placenta Pharmacopunture. Hominis Placenta was injected subcutaneously into the lesion of head scalp alopecia. According to photographs, the lesion had been replaced with new terminal hair and the size of the lesion had decreased. This case has shown that stress-induced Alopecia areata patient could be treated by Hominis Placenta Pharmacopunture.</p>","PeriodicalId":16769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacopuncture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Emotional Freedom Techniques in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: a pilot study.","authors":"Yujin Choi, Yunna Kim, Do-Hyung Kwon, Sunyoung Choi, Young-Eun Choi, Eun Kyoung Ahn, Seung-Hun Cho, Hyungjun Kim","doi":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.1.27","DOIUrl":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.1.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent mental health condition, and techniques using sensory stimulation in processing traumatic memories have gained attention. The Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) is a psychotherapy that combines tapping on acupoints with exposure to cognitive reframing. This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility of EFT as a treatment for PTSD by answering the following research questions 1) What is the compliance and completion rate of patients with PTSD with regard to EFT protocol? Is the dropout rate reasonable? 2) Is the effect size of EFT protocol for PTSD sufficient to justify a future trial?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty participants diagnosed with PTSD were recruited. They received weekly EFT sessions for five weeks, in which they repeated a statement acknowledging the problem and accepting themselves while tapping the SI3 acupoint on the side of their hand. PTSD symptoms were evaluated using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 30 PTSD patients (mean age 34.1 ± 9.1, 80% female), 96.7% showed over 80% compliance to the EFT sessions, and 86.7% completed the entire study process. The mean PCL-5 total score decreased significantly after the intervention, with a large effect size (change from baseline -14.33 [95% CI -19.79, -8.86], p < 0.0001, d = 1.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study suggests that EFT is a feasible treatment for PTSD, with high session compliance and low dropout rates. The effect size observed in this study supports the need for a larger trial in the future to further investigate EFT as a treatment for PTSD. However, the lack of a control group and the use of a self-rated questionnaire for PTSD symptoms are limitations of this study. The findings of this pilot study can be used to plan a future trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":16769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacopuncture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suggestion for Objective Evaluation of Comparative Pulse Diagnosis.","authors":"Jun-Sang Yu","doi":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.1.21","DOIUrl":"10.3831/KPI.2024.27.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Pulse is a method of Korean medicine diagnosis and is an important clue to detect the organs, nature, and progress of the disease. Pulse examination is included in the basic examination of Korean medicine doctors, but there is no standardized method for diagnosing pulse although the types and methods of the pulse taking are briefly described in the literature, making it difficult to spread the examination method. In this regard, I would like to propose an objective evaluation method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Although the importance of pulse examination and the method of pulse examination are known in the literature, it is difficult for undergraduate students or inexperienced Korean medicine doctors to access it, so in this paper a method of marking the size of the pulse power in the blank space for objective evaluation was devised and presented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The size of the pulse power should be indicated using the 1-cell, 3-cell, or 5-cell method according to the left and right wrists and the <i>cun</i>, <i>guan</i> and <i>chi</i> on both sides.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The method of pulse diagnosis is an important diagnostic method as a verification process for making a Korean medical diagnosis. The remaining Korean medicine diagnostic methods, including pulse diagnosis, also need to undergo objectification. It is believed that the objectification of these diagnostic methods will lead to an improvement in the treatment rate of Korean medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":16769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacopuncture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Effectiveness of Manual Therapy for Infant Crying: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Ui Jin Park, Hye In Jeong, Kyeong Han Kim","doi":"10.3831/KPI.2023.26.4.285","DOIUrl":"10.3831/KPI.2023.26.4.285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess and compare the effectiveness of manual therapy in alleviating infant crying, a common symptom of nocturnal crying (NC) and infantile colic (IC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Total effective rate, crying time and adverse events were used as outcome indicators. To assess the quality, the risk of bias was determined for each study by two authors, using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. RevMan 5.0 was used for data analysis. A total of 98 articles were identified from 6 electronic databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among them, twenty-seven studies which included 13 NC and 14 IC were included. Meta-analysis showed favorable effects tuina therapy on total effective rate (TER) of NC (RR 1.20 [95% CI 1.05 to 1.37], p = 0.007), chiropractic therapy on crying time change of IC (SMD -0.83 [95% CI -1.61 to -0.06], p = 0.04) and massage on total crying time of IC (SMD -0.86 [95% CI -1.09 to -0.63], p < 0.00001). This systematic review compares different manual therapies for the treatment of NC and IC. While tuina, chiropractic, and massage show results in alleviating symptoms, the overall evidence remains limited due to the low quality and heterogeneity of the included studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, further high-quality research with unified control groups is needed to establish manual therapy as a recommended treatment option for NC and IC. Protocol registration number is CRD42022348143 01/08/2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":16769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacopuncture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10739473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139074450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}