Journal of Pediatric Urology最新文献

{"title":"Letter to the editor re: \"Frank F et al., The utilization of a spare ureter to create a continent catheterizable channel to the bladder in pediatric patients, Journal of Pediatric Urology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.007\".","authors":"Antonio Macedo, Débora Laena Barroso Sacoman","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A living scoping review and online repository of artificial intelligence models in pediatric urology: Results from the AI-PEDURO collaborative.","authors":"Adree Khondker, Jethro Cc Kwong, Ihtisham Ahmad, Zwetlana Rajesh, Rahim Dhalla, Wyatt MacNevin, Mandy Rickard, Lauren Erdman, Andrew T Gabrielson, David-Dan Nguyen, Jin Kyu Kim, Tariq Abbas, Nicolas Fernandez, Katherine Fischer, Lisette A T Hoen, Daniel T Keefe, Caleb P Nelson, Bernarda Viteri, Hsin-Hsiao Scott Wang, John Weaver, Priyank Yadav, Armando J Lorenzo","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being applied across pediatric urology. We provide a living scoping review and online repository developed by the AI in PEDiatric UROlogy (AI-PEDURO) collaborative that summarizes the current and emerging evidence on the AI models developed in pediatric urology.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The protocol was published a priori, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were followed. We conducted a comprehensive search of four electronic databases and reviewed relevant data sources from inception until June 2024 to identify studies that have implemented AI for prediction, classification, or risk stratification for pediatric urology conditions. Model quality was assessed by the APPRAISE-AI tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 59 studies were included in this review from 1557 unique records. Of the 59 published studies, 44 studies (75 %) were published after 2019, with hydronephrosis and vesicoureteral reflux/urinary tract infection as the most common topics (17 studies, 28 % each). Studies originated from USA (22 studies, 37 %), Canada (10 studies, 17 %), China (8 studies, 14 %), and Turkey (7 studies, 12 %). Neural network (35 studies, 59 %), support-vector-machine (21 studies, 36 %), and tree-based models (19 studies, 32 %) were the most used machine learning algorithms, with 14 studies (24 %) providing useable repositories or applications. APPRAISE-AI assessed 12 studies (20 %) of studies as low quality, 39 studies (66 %) as moderate quality, and 8 studies (14 %) as high quality, with specific improvements noted in model robustness and reporting standards over time (p = 0.03). Findings were synthesized into an online repository (www.aipeduro.com).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>There is an increasing pace of AI model development in pediatric urology. Model topics are broad, algorithm choice is diverse, and the overall quality of models are improving over time. While there is still a lack of clinical translation of the AI models in pediatric urology, the usage of online repositories and reporting frameworks can facilitate sharing, improvement, and clinical implementation of future models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This living scoping review and online repository will highlight the current landscape of AI models in pediatric urology and facilitate their clinical translation and inform future research initiatives. From this work, we provide a summary of recommendations based on the current literature for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant antibiotic use variations in testicular torsion surgery among us free-standing children's hospitals.","authors":"John Panagides, Dylan Cahill, Jonathan J Song, Ranveer Vasdev, Rachel Saunders, Caleb P Nelson, Hsin-Hsiao Scott Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>There is no robust evidence for the efficacy of intraoperative antibiotics in preventing infections in testicular torsion surgery, the incidence of which is reported to be <0.2 %. In the absence of clear guidelines regarding the appropriate use of antibiotic prophylaxis, the factors influencing these differences in practice patterns remain unclear. Our study aimed to identify both patient and institution-level factors affecting whether a pediatric patient undergoing emergency testicular detorsion (orchiopexy or orchiectomy) will receive antibiotic prophylaxis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We utilized the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify patients≤18 years old who underwent testicular septopexy or orchiectomy with the diagnosis of torsion of the testis between 2015 and 2021. Patient visits for repeated presentations of torsion were excluded from the analysis. We used multivariate logistic regression to evaluate if pre-procedural antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with hospital-level factors (treating hospital) or patient-level factors (case complexity, concurrent orchiectomy, age category, race/ethnicity, income quintile, insurance).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 5313 children who underwent surgeries for testicular torsion. Median age was 13 (IQR 10-15 years). 74.0 % patients received antibiotic prophylaxis. Compared to no antibiotic prophylaxis, those who received antibiotic prophylaxis were significantly older (p < 0.001). After adjusting for race/ethnicity, orchiectomy vs septopexy, income quintiles, insurance, and comorbidities, older age (12-18 years compared to the 0-12 age group, OR = 1.6 (95 % CI 1.4-1.9, p < 0.001) and hospital (p < 0.001) remained significantly associated with choice of antibiotic prophylaxis for testicular torsion surgeries.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>There is wide variation in antibiotic prophylaxis use for patients undergoing testicular detorsion at freestanding children's hospitals in the United States. Older patients (age 12-18) are more likely to receive antibiotic prophylaxis prior to testicular torsion surgery. On the other hand, no obvious benefit in reducing subsequent hospital readmission rate was found associated with antibiotic prophylaxis. This study was limited by an inherent reliance on accurate documentation of antimicrobial-associated allergic reaction(s) and readmission rates in this PHIS database.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the risks associated with excessive antibiotic use, an understanding of the factors and proper standardization is warranted. Significant variation in antibiotic prophylaxis demonstrates the need for clearer guidelines and evidence-based practice. Future work may illustrate the potential impact on standardized protocols on reducing unwarranted antibiotic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Commentary.","authors":"Murat Can Karaburun, Aykut Akıncı","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of structured audiovisual information on parental anxiety in hypospadias surgery.","authors":"Fatih Sandikci","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The integral co-management role of the medical pediatric urologist: Improving the care of children with urological conditions","authors":"Joana Dos Santos ,&nbsp;Walid A. Farhat ,&nbsp;Michelle Shouldice ,&nbsp;Joao Pippi Salle ,&nbsp;Michael Chua ,&nbsp;Mandy Rickard ,&nbsp;Abby Varghese ,&nbsp;Darius Bagli ,&nbsp;Armando J. Lorenzo ,&nbsp;Martin A. Koyle","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.09.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The complexities of modern medicine prompt a re-evaluation of traditional patient care models to enhance safety and quality. We implemented a one-year pilot Medical Pediatric Urology fellowship, jointly developed by Urology and Pediatric Hospital Medicine, where a pediatrician received postgraduate training in both specialties. This innovative program aimed to augment knowledge and expertise in non-surgical aspects of pediatric urology. Upon completion of the fellowship, the trained pediatrician assumed the role of medical pediatric urologist (MPU), integrating into both Pediatrics and Urology faculties. Unlike the traditional specialist consultation model, the MPU became integral member of the Urology Division, working full-time and sharing responsibilities for both inpatient and outpatient pediatric urology care at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Canada.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aims to delineate the training curriculum, role, clinical outcomes, and educational impact of the MPU over eight years.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Study design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes, including patient volumes seen annually by MPU, urologists, and nurse practitioners from 2021 to 2023. Clinic wait times and patient satisfaction were compared between MPU's community and tertiary hospital pediatric urology clinics. Educational impact was assessed through pediatric residents' ratings for the MPU as a clinical teacher during urology rotations using a Likert scale.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Integration of MPU led to the establishment of specialized clinics, including those for neurogenic bladder and posterior urethral valves. MPU accounted for approximately 34.7 % of all outpatient clinic visits. Subjective feedback highlighted enhanced quality of care with MPU co-management in the inpatient setting. Additionally, in a community-based medical urology clinic (CUC) staffed by the MPU and a pediatric urology nurse practitioner, patients experienced shorter wait times and higher satisfaction (53 ± 36 days and 194 ± 108 days) (p &lt; 0.01), with 97 % vs. 91 % of families reported feeling highly satisfied with care (p &lt; 0.01) compared with hospital clinics, respectively. The MPU received ratings of 4/5 or 5/5 as a clinical teacher from 81.82 % of pediatric residents.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our novel co-management approach in pediatric urology integrates medical and surgical expertise. However, limitations include the retrospective design and single-center setting. Nonetheless, this framework presents a potential model for other surgical specialties, offering a unique practice niche for trainees interested in the medical management of surgical conditions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The medical pediatric urologist plays a pivotal role as an educator, hospitalist, and director of the outpatient clinic, effectively integrating medical and surgical expertise. Th","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 147-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does vesicoureteric reflux diagnosed following prenatal urinary tract dilatation need active management? A narrative review","authors":"Marie-Klaire Farrugia ,&nbsp;Giovanni Montini","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.09.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) diagnosed following investigation of prenatally-detected urinary tract dilatation (UTD), often remains asymptomatic and yet raises much parental and medical anxiety and management conundrums. Previous studies suggest that “prenatal” VUR appears to have a different natural history to that of VUR diagnosed following investigation of recurrent febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs). The concept is not new: reports from Great Ormond Street (1997) and the Society for Fetal Urology registry (1999) highlighted the characteristics of VUR patients diagnosed following investigation of prenatal hydronephrosis, who were noted to be predominantly male with high-grade VUR and established renal uptake defects on DMSA. To date, studies on VUR management and outcome have included both prenatally-diagnosed and symptomatic patients, confounding the results. Studies focussing specifically on the asymptomatic cohort are few, and generally only include patients on prophylaxis. Hence the true natural history of the condition is not known. A systematic review of 18 articles including 829 asymptomatic infants, of whom 473 (69.4 %) were males and 48.7 % had high grade (IV–V) VUR, revealed that 15.4 % of infants developed at least one breakthrough UTI despite initiation of CAP from birth. The limited data available showed no conclusive benefit of CAP, primarily due to lack of a strong comparator cohort. The recent PREDICT trial is the only randomised controlled trial to date, specifically on asymptomatic patients, assigned to prophylaxis or no treatment. Febrile UTI's mostly occurred in the first 6 months, in 21 % of the prophylaxis group vs 35 % of the no treatment group. Although the trial showed a small significant benefit of prophylaxis, this came at the expense of non-E Coli and resistant UTI's in the prophylaxis group. Importantly, there was no difference between the groups in the incidence of new scars at 2-year follow up. The authors concluded that prophylaxis might only be of benefit in girls, for the first year only. This thought-provoking study challenged current practice and led to this narrative review, aimed at a critical appraisal of the literature on this topic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 115-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing fistula rate in hypospadias repair","authors":"Ali Atan,&nbsp;Fazli Polat,&nbsp;Zafer Turkyilmaz,&nbsp;Ramazan Karabulut,&nbsp;Cem Kaya,&nbsp;Kaan Sonmez","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.09.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.09.036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 239-240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary to: Parental hope and psychological resilience on social support and decision conflict in children with hypospadias","authors":"Joshua Ray Tanzer","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.10.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.10.032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 160-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is robot-assisted appendicovesicostomy equivalent to the current gold standard open procedure? A comparative analysis","authors":"Suhaib Abdulfattah ,&nbsp;Sahar Eftekharzadeh ,&nbsp;Emily Ai ,&nbsp;Aznive Aghababian ,&nbsp;Maya Overland ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Long ,&nbsp;Sameer Mittal ,&nbsp;Arun K. Srinivasan ,&nbsp;Aseem R. Shukla","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.09.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Appendicovesicostomy (RALAPV) is increasingly performed as a minimally invasive alternative to the open appendicovesicostomy (OPAV), but questions remain regarding the efficacy of the RALAPV compared to OPAV.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To assess and compare outcomes for non-augmented RALAPV to the open surgical approach.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;An IRB approved prospective registry was retrospectively examined to abstract all patients who underwent APV without augment between 2012 and 2023. Baseline demographics, intra and post-operative characteristics, and long-term outcomes were aggregated and compared. P-values were two sided and a p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;52 children were identified, 19 (36.5%) OAPV and 33 (63.5%) RALAPV. The median age at surgery was 8.5 years for OAPV and 9.3 years for RALAPV (p = 0.29). Longer operative time was noted in the RALPAV group (346 min vs 289 min, p = 0.04), with a lower estimated blood loss (5 cc vs 30 cc, p = 0.003), shorter median length of hospital stay (4 days vs 5 days, p = 0.07), and lower IV morphine administration (0.04 mg/kg/d vs 0.09 mg/kg/d, p = 0.01). Similar surgical reintervention rate was seen in both cohorts (42% OAPV vs 36% RALAPV, p = 0.77). At the end of follow-up, continence was achieved in 18 (95%) OAPV and 33 (100%) RALAPV patients (p = 0.37)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;RALAPV shows comparable success to patients who underwent OPAV procedures. The longer follow-up interval for OPAV highlights minimally invasive surgery as a recent adoption.&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Summary Table&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Open vs Robot Appendicovesicostomy w/o Bladder Augmentation (BA)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;OAPV&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;RALAPV&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;N = 52&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;19 (36.5%)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;33 (63.5%)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Gender&lt;/th&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0.76&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Male&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;11 (61%)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;22 (67%)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Female&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;7 (39%)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;11 (33%)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Age in years, median (IQR)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;8.5 (6.4, 9.8)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;9.3 (6.5, 12.5)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0.29&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;BMI (kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), median (IQR)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;17 (15.1, 21.4)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;17.4 (14.8, 21.1)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0.77&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Operative time in minutes, median (IQR)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;289 (213, 331)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;346 (296, 378)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0.04&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;EBL (ml), median (IQR)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;30 (10, 100)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;5 (0, 10)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0.003&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;LOS (days), median (IQR)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;5 (4, 9)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;4 (3, 6)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0.07&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;IV morphine equivalent (mg/kg/d), median (IQR)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0.09 (0.03, 0.29)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0.04 (0.01, 0.07)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0.01&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Channel related complication&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;8 (42%)&lt;/","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}