Meelad Yousef-Yousef, Fabián García-Espinoza, María José García del Rosal, Enrique Quesada-Moraga
{"title":"Guardians within: entomopathogenic fungi-driven antibiosis and compensatory growth combines to reduce the damage of herbivores to melon plants","authors":"Meelad Yousef-Yousef, Fabián García-Espinoza, María José García del Rosal, Enrique Quesada-Moraga","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01812-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01812-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Endophytic and rhizosphere-competent entomopathogenic fungi (EF) are important plant bodyguards, although the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the roles of antibiosis (lethal and sublethal effects), and potential growth compensation (in response to leaf injury) in melon plants exposed to cotton leafworm. Plants were inoculated with one of three EF strains (EAMa 0158-Su <i>Metarhizium brunneum</i> strain or EABb 04/01-Tip and EABb 01/33-Su <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> strains) by either foliar spray, seed dressing or soil drenching and then challenged with either multiple short-term, or single long-term <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i> larval infestation. Endophytic colonization and relative expression of plant defense genes were tracked using molecular techniques alongside evaluation of antibiosis effects on <i>S. littoralis</i> and plant tolerance to larval-induced leaf injuries. Inoculated plants exhibited antibiosis and potential growth compensation in responses to various <i>S. littoralis</i> challenges, which resulted in increased fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content, number of secondary branches and stem diameter. Furthermore, up-regulation in the relative expression of ethylene (<i>ACO1</i>, <i>ACO3</i>, <i>EIN2</i>, <i>EIN3</i>) and jasmonic acid (<i>LOX2</i>)-related genes were observed, with the endophytic <i>B. bassiana</i>- induction of ethylene and jasmonic acid production being higher in <i>S. littoralis</i> infested plants. Our findings strongly confirm the EF multifunctionality and the involvement of the Endophytic EF triggered melon defensive system induction in the antibiosis and compensatory growth to protect melon plants from pest damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141730525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juil Kim, Md-Mafizur Rahman, Changhee Han, Jungwon Jeon, Min Kwon, Si Hyeock Lee, Celso Omoto
{"title":"Genome-wide exploration of metabolic-based pyrethroid resistance mechanism in Helicoverpa armigera","authors":"Juil Kim, Md-Mafizur Rahman, Changhee Han, Jungwon Jeon, Min Kwon, Si Hyeock Lee, Celso Omoto","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01797-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01797-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To elucidate the deltamethrin resistance mechanism in <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>, we explored mutations at the deltamethrin target site, genomic level variations between insecticide-susceptible and -resistant strains, and differences in gene expression patterns between the strains. Known pyrethroid resistance-associated point mutations within the voltage-gated sodium channel were undetected in the cDNA and gDNA of resistant strains or field populations. The whole-genome de novo assembly of a Korean-resistant strain was performed (GCA_026262555.1), and 13 genomes of susceptible and resistant individuals were re-sequenced using field populations. Approximately 3,369,837 variants (SNPs and indels) were compared with our reference <i>H. armigera</i> genome, and 1,032,689 variants were identified from open reading frames. A resistance-specific CYP3 subfamily gene with five variants (CYP321A1v1–v5) was identified in the resistant strains, indicating the potential role of these variants in resistance. RNA-seq analysis identified 36,720 transcripts from 45 Illumina RNA-seq datasets of the fatbody, gut, and the rest of the body. Differential gene expression analysis revealed some differently overexpressed detoxification enzyme genes in the resistant strains, particularly cytochrome P450 genes. This finding was consistent with the results of bioassay tests using PBO-based synergists that inhibit enzymes belong to cytochrome P450 family, further supporting the role of detoxification enzymes in resistance. Therefore, <i>H. armigera</i> may acquire deltamethrin resistance through a combination of actions, including the overexpression of various detoxification enzymes, such as CYP321A5 identified in this study may serve as a basis for understanding insecticide resistance at the molecular level and can be applied as diagnostic markers for resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141726257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sex-biased juvenile hormone and gene expression underlie sex difference of stress resistance in the American cockroach","authors":"Fangfang Liu, Shudian Zhang, Ping Chen, Wei Tang, Xiaoyi Chen, Yingting Wu, Sishi Xia, Diqi Peng, Zhengyi Shao, Qin Li, Yuqing Liu, Xiaoshuai Zhang, Shiming Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01819-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01819-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sexually dimorphic traits are prevalent throughout the animal kingdom, extending to insects. In addition to sex-biased gene expression networks, these traits often involve variations in hormone levels. Juvenile hormone (JH), which is synthesized by corpora allata (CA), regulates development and reproduction in insects. However, there is limited understanding regarding sex-biased gene expression in CA and the sexually dimorphic functions of JH. We discovered sexual dimorphism in JH levels in cockroaches. To explore the underlying mechanism, we analyzed RNA-sequencing data from CA tissues in the adult females and males of the American cockroach, <i>Periplaneta americana</i>. Our investigation revealed significant variation in sex-biased gene expression, with female-biased genes primarily involved in cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase and peroxidase pathways, associating with resistance to environmental stress. Notably, exposure to the insecticide imidacloprid, injection of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> led to a higher mortality rate in males, whereas females exhibited resistance. Importantly, the application of the JH analog methoprene following the injection of <i>E. coli</i> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> rescued survival and the expression of stress response-related genes in males. Furthermore, these stressors resulted in reduced JH biosynthesis in males, while females remained unaffected. In summary, our results reveal that sexually dimorphic JH levels and gene expression modulate stress responses in <i>P. americana</i>. These findings shed light on sex-specific responses to environmental stress, offering tailored strategies for pest control based on gender.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141726258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gelareh Ghaderi, Samad Jamali, Robert A. Haack, Jabbar Valipour
{"title":"Detection of Paecilomyces formosus in wood-boring beetles associated with oak dieback and decline in the Zagros forests of Iran","authors":"Gelareh Ghaderi, Samad Jamali, Robert A. Haack, Jabbar Valipour","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01805-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01805-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oak dieback disease caused by the fungus <i>Paecilomyces formosus</i> threatens oak trees in the Zagros forests in western Iran. Various insects, such as wood-infesting beetles (Coleoptera), may play a role in dissemination of <i>P. formosus</i>. We collected larvae and adult insects from branch wood of oak trees with dieback symptoms in the Zagros forests. For larval identification, the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COXI) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fungal isolates from wood and insects collected from the sampled oaks were identified by morphology, acid production on creatine sucrose agar (CREA) medium, phylogeny of DNA sequence data for the <i>β</i>-tubulin gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA. To detect <i>P. formosus</i> in larvae and adult insects, we used a nested PCR assay with the species-specific primer pairs PaMF and PaMR. The insects that most often tested positive for <i>P. formosus</i> were larvae of the buprestids <i>Acmaeodera</i> sp. and <i>Chrysobothris affinis</i>, and larvae of the cerambycid <i>Trichoferus campestris</i>. Adults of <i>C. affinis</i> and <i>Calchaenesthes diversicolis</i> (Cerambycidae), which were collected from within their galleries, also tested positive. Beetle larvae of <i>Anthaxia</i> sp. (Buprestidae), <i>Latipalpis plana</i> (Buprestidae), <i>Monochamus</i> sp. (Cerambycidae) and <i>Crypticus gibbulus</i> (Tenebrionidae) also tested positive. Larvae that tested negative for <i>P. formosus</i> were species of Cossidae (Lepidoptera), Elateridae (Coleoptera), Gasteruptiidae (Hymenoptera) and Syrphidae (Diptera). Future research is needed to determine whether any of these insects can serve as vectors of <i>P. formosus</i>. These results can be used to target-specific insects for monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141566305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming-hui Wang, Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, Anne-violette Lavoir, Velemir Ninkovic, Kaori Shiojiri, Junji Takabayashi, Peng Han
{"title":"Leveraging air-borne VOC-mediated plant defense priming to optimize Integrated Pest Management","authors":"Ming-hui Wang, Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, Anne-violette Lavoir, Velemir Ninkovic, Kaori Shiojiri, Junji Takabayashi, Peng Han","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01803-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01803-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant defense priming involves the release of air-borne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by plants, serving to prepare defense-related mechanisms against herbivores and pathogens in adjacent receiver plants. While the concept of VOC-mediated plant defense priming for enhancing plant resistance has garnered considerable attention in the last two decades, it has yet to be fully realized and applied in practical crop protection. This review summarizes current research, examining the spectrum of VOC-mediated plant defense priming in terms of anti-herbivore or anti-pathogen properties, the cost–benefit implications for plants, and the influence of abiotic factors on the priming. Additionally, we explore two promising approaches within the framework of Integrated Pest Management (IPM): the implementation of companion sentinel intercropping and the application of synthetic VOCs. In conclusion, we propose future research directions for this promising area, anticipating that this review will stimulate efforts aimed at harnessing the effects of plant defense priming for the development of innovative pest management strategies and optimized IPM programs in crop protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141566307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luiza Sánchez, Ana E. Cunha, Nuno Rodrigues, José Alberto Pereira, Paula Baptista
{"title":"Exogenous systemin peptide treatment in olive alters Bactrocera oleae oviposition preference","authors":"Luiza Sánchez, Ana E. Cunha, Nuno Rodrigues, José Alberto Pereira, Paula Baptista","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01808-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01808-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The olive fruit fly, <i>Bactrocera oleae</i> (Rossi), is a key pest of the olive crop, whose control relies mostly on the use of insecticides. Plant peptides may represent a more environmentally-friendly tool to manage olive fly, due to their recognized role to activate and/or prime plant defence responses against pests. In this work, behavioural experiments (no-choice and two-choice) and analysis of volatile compounds were carried out to evaluate the impact of the exogenous application of the peptide systemin to olive tree on olive fly infestation, and to elucidate its mode of action to prime plant defence. The treatment of olive branches with 10 nM systemin showed to confer protection against olive fly, by reducing significantly the ovipositions (up to 3.0-fold) and the number of infested fruits (up to 2.9-fold) when compared to non-treated branches. This protective effect was even detected in neighbouring non-treated branches, suggesting the ability of systemin to trigger plant-to-plant communication. The deterrent activity of the primed olives was associated with the emission of the volatiles 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate and 1, 2, 3-trimethyl-benzene, which were negatively correlated with oviposition and fly infestation. Systemin has also showed to trigger the biosynthesis of specific volatiles (esters) in olives in response to fly attacks. Overall, the observed protection conferred by systemin against olive fly is likely due to the emission of specific volatiles that can act as a defence and/or as signalling molecules to upregulate the plant defence response. Thus, systemin represents a novel and useful tool to manage olive fruit fly.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
André C. Cardoso, Ítalo Marcossi, Morgana M. Fonseca, Milena O. Kalile, Leonardo S. Francesco, Angelo Pallini, Thomas V. M. Groot, Arne Janssen
{"title":"A predatory mite as potential biological control agent of Bemisia tabaci on tomato plants","authors":"André C. Cardoso, Ítalo Marcossi, Morgana M. Fonseca, Milena O. Kalile, Leonardo S. Francesco, Angelo Pallini, Thomas V. M. Groot, Arne Janssen","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01809-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01809-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Several natural enemies are known as predators of the whitefly <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>, which is one of the most invasive pests worldwide and has developed high resistance to pesticides. However, biological control of this pest on tomato is often difficult because the plant’s glandular trichomes release substances that are toxic to arthropods and hinder the foraging of natural enemies. Therefore, adaptation of natural enemies to this crop is one of the selection criteria for potential biocontrol agents. We collected predatory mites from wild and feral tomato plants and found the species <i>Amblyseius herbicolus</i> and <i>A. tamatavensis</i>. Whereas the latter is known to feed on <i>B. tabaci</i> eggs, we investigated the ability of <i>A. herbicolus</i> to develop and reproduce when feeding on this prey stage, and assessed whether both species can feed and develop on <i>B. tabaci</i> crawlers. To verify the adaptation of these predators to tomato, we assessed their ability to disperse on tomato plants and their establishment on clean tomato plants with pollen as an alternative food. Finally, we evaluated whether the predators were effective in controlling <i>B. tabaci</i> on tomato plants with different pollen dosages as alternative food. We show that both predators fed and reproduced on <i>B. tabaci</i> immatures. <i>A. herbicolus</i> established and dispersed better on tomato plants supplemented with cattail pollen than <i>A. tamatavensis</i> and only <i>A. herbicolus</i> was able to control <i>B. tabaci</i> in two population dynamics experiments. Our results suggest that <i>A. herbicolus</i> is better adapted to tomato than <i>A. tamatavensis</i> and may therefore be a promising biocontrol agent on tomato.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141553339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca Gough, Kar Mun Chooi, Manoharie Sandanayaka, Vicky Davis, Duncan Hedderley, Tara Taylor, Daniel Cohen, Cecilia A. Prator, Rodrigo P. P. Almeida, Vaughn A. Bell, Robin M. MacDiarmid
{"title":"Clover in vineyards, a potential trap plant for the mealybug Pseudococcus calceolariae—a vector of GLRaV-3 to grapevines but not clover species","authors":"Rebecca Gough, Kar Mun Chooi, Manoharie Sandanayaka, Vicky Davis, Duncan Hedderley, Tara Taylor, Daniel Cohen, Cecilia A. Prator, Rodrigo P. P. Almeida, Vaughn A. Bell, Robin M. MacDiarmid","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01807-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01807-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) affects grapevines worldwide. The primary causal agent of GLD is grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), which spreads to uninfected grapevines via mealybugs and soft-scale insects. <i>Pseudococcus calceolariae</i> (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a mealybug vector of GLRaV-3 in New Zealand. <i>P. calceolariae</i> also colonizes clovers (<i>Trifolium</i> spp.) growing naturally as vineyard ground cover. Separating mealybug from GLRaV-3 grapevine host could be enhanced by a trap plant: an alternative host attractive to and retentive of the target pest. We evaluated the association between <i>P. calceolariae</i> and ‘Grasslands Huia’ white clover (GHWC). GHWC seed was sown under grapevines in a commercial vineyard (14 × 0.4 ha plots); the control was under-vine herbicide use (7 × 0.4 ha plots, where only few <i>Trifolium</i> spp. plants grew). After 2 years, GHWC cover peaked at 40% mealybug infestation in 2019. From 2018 to 2021, <i>P. calceolariae</i> detection and abundance on GHWC was significantly higher than plants from the control plots. There was no treatment effect for mealybug infestation of grapevine leaves nor of GLRaV-3 incidence, independent of vintage. A glasshouse trial found no transmission of GLRaV-3 by <i>P. calceolariae</i> to any of 256 plants among five clover cultivars tested (<i>Trifolium</i> spp.), including GHWC; mealybug transmitted GLRaV-3 to 35 of 107 <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> plants. The results showed that in the 5-year period, added GHWC did not decouple <i>P. calceolariae</i> from the grapevine to reduce GLRaV-3 incidence, but rapid colonization of GHWC by mealybug and the lack of GLRaV-3 transmission to GHWC are encouraging. Further evaluation is needed to assess whether plant biodiversity can benefit a GLRaV-3 ecological management objective.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ítalo Marcossi, Leonardo S. Francesco, Morgana M. Fonseca, Angelo Pallini, Thomas Groot, Raf De Vis, Arne Janssen
{"title":"Predatory mites as potential biological control agents for tomato russet mite and powdery mildew on tomato","authors":"Ítalo Marcossi, Leonardo S. Francesco, Morgana M. Fonseca, Angelo Pallini, Thomas Groot, Raf De Vis, Arne Janssen","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01802-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01802-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tomato plants are attacked by numerous pests and diseases, including the tomato russet mite <i>Aculops lycopersici</i> and powdery mildew, <i>Oidium neolycopersici</i>. Natural enemies of tomato pests are often hindered by the tomato trichomes, while russet mites live under and among these leaf hairs and are therefore protected from these enemies. To find natural enemies that are adapted to tomato and its trichomes, we collected a predatory mite, <i>Amblyseius herbicolus</i>, and an iolinid mite, cf. <i>Homeopronematus anconai</i> sp. nov., from tomato plants in the field. We investigated their potential as biological control agents for pests in this crop. We show that both predators were able to feed and reproduce on russet mites. Subsequently, we show that the iolinid effectively controlled tomato russet mites and powdery mildew on isolated tomato plants, whereas <i>A. herbicolus</i> disappeared from the plants. Altogether, our results show that cf. <i>H. anconai</i> sp. nov. is an efficient biocontrol agent of two key pests on tomato plants. Our results thus contribute to the recent trend of using predators that are effective in controlling both a pest and a pathogen, a promising new strategy for biological crop protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141462614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The interplay of intercropping, wildflower strips and weeds in conservation biological control and productivity","authors":"Séverin Hatt, Thomas F. Döring","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01801-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01801-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Different diversification practices have the potential to reduce pests and therefore pesticide use. Yet, their integration at the agroecosystem level and the evaluation of their multifunctional effects remain limited. Through a two-year field experiment conducted in Germany, we tested whether associating intercropping (faba bean-wheat, followed by breadseed poppy-barley) with pluriannual wildflower strips strengthens the biological regulation of aphid pests and weeds, and enhances cropping system productivity. The contribution of flowering weeds to conservation biological control was also analysed. Aphid but also predator colonization and predation rates on bean and poppy were consistently lower in intercropping compared to sole cropping. Wildflower strips enhanced aphid predation in bean-wheat intercropping, and further reduced aphid colonization at 10 m distance but not at 20 m in poppy-barley intercropping. Weed biomass was consistently reduced in intercropping compared to sole cropping bean and poppy, and did not significantly affect bean and poppy yields in intercropping. The cover of one flowering weed species, <i>Matricaria recutita</i>, was negatively correlated to aphid colonization and positively correlated to predation rate. <i>Matricaria recutita</i> flowers were also visited more often by predatory hoverflies in plots adjacent to wildflower strips. Finally, land equivalent ratio was consistently higher than 1, and the highest in bean-wheat intercropping associated to wildflower strips. The study demonstrates the benefits of associating wildflower strips to intercropping to strengthen biological control and cropping system productivity. Flowering weeds, maintained at an acceptable level through intercropping, turn out to be relevant functional biodiversity in interacting with wildflower strips for conservation biological control.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141444820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}