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Discovery of novel pyridine carboxamides with antifungal activity as potential succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. 具有抗真菌活性的新型吡啶类羧胺类琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂的发现。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学
Journal of Pesticide Science Pub Date : 2022-08-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D22-017
Zhongzhong Yan, Zihui Yang, Longjian Qiu, Yan Chen, Aijun Li, Taopeng Chang, Xinzhe Niu, Jingyan Zhu, Shihao Wu, Feng Jin
{"title":"Discovery of novel pyridine carboxamides with antifungal activity as potential succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors.","authors":"Zhongzhong Yan,&nbsp;Zihui Yang,&nbsp;Longjian Qiu,&nbsp;Yan Chen,&nbsp;Aijun Li,&nbsp;Taopeng Chang,&nbsp;Xinzhe Niu,&nbsp;Jingyan Zhu,&nbsp;Shihao Wu,&nbsp;Feng Jin","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D22-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D22-017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fifteen novel pyridine carboxamide derivatives bearing a diarylamine-modified scaffold were designed, synthesized, and their antifungal activity was evaluated. Preliminary bioassay results showed that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to good <i>in vitro</i> antifungal activity. Further, compound 6-chloro-<i>N</i>-(2-(phenylamino)phenyl)nicotinamide (<b>3f</b>) displayed good <i>in vivo</i> antifungal activity against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>. The enzymatic test on <i>B. cinerea</i> succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) showed that the inhibitory activity possessed by compound <b>3f</b> equally matches that of thifluzamide. Molecular docking results demonstrated that compound <b>3f</b> could commendably dock with the active site of SDH <i>via</i> stable hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, suggesting the possible binding modes of the title compounds with SDH. The results above revealed that the target compounds would be the leading fungicide compound for further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"47 3","pages":"118-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e0/89/jps-47-3-D22-017.PMC9706280.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10378471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emerging technologies for the chemical control of root parasitic weeds. 根寄生杂草化学防治的新技术。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学
Journal of Pesticide Science Pub Date : 2022-08-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D22-045
Kojiro Kawada, Tomoyuki Koyama, Ikuo Takahashi, Hidemitsu Nakamura, Tadao Asami
{"title":"Emerging technologies for the chemical control of root parasitic weeds.","authors":"Kojiro Kawada,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Koyama,&nbsp;Ikuo Takahashi,&nbsp;Hidemitsu Nakamura,&nbsp;Tadao Asami","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D22-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D22-045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae family include devastating weed species, such as <i>Striga</i>, <i>Orobanche</i>, and <i>Phelipanche</i>, which parasitize major crops, drastically reduces crop yields and cause economic losses of over a billion US dollars worldwide. Advances in basic research on molecular and cellular processes responsible for parasitic relationships has now achieved steady progress through advances in genome analysis, biochemical analysis and structural biology. On the basis of these advances it is now possible to develop chemicals that control parasitism and reduce agricultural damage. In this review we summarized the recent development of chemicals that can control each step of parasitism from strigolactone biosynthesis in host plants to haustorium formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"47 3","pages":"101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/39/de/jps-47-3-D22-045.PMC9706279.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10371196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biological soil disinfestation compatible with renewable energy production for sustainable agriculture. 生物土壤消毒与可再生能源生产兼容，促进可持续农业。
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学
Journal of Pesticide Science Pub Date : 2022-08-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D22-010
Shaohua Chen, Tatsuya Hirano, Yoshiaki Hayashi, Hiroto Tamura
{"title":"Biological soil disinfestation compatible with renewable energy production for sustainable agriculture.","authors":"Shaohua Chen, Tatsuya Hirano, Yoshiaki Hayashi, Hiroto Tamura","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D22-010","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D22-010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological soil disinfestation (BSD) is biotechnology to control soil-borne plant pathogens based on the anaerobic-reducing environment in soil and the functions of indigenous microbes. A new sustainable agricultural technology, the GET system, which produces and recovers methane as renewable energy from paddy fields, has a structure and principles similar to those of BSD technology. To confirm the potential of the GET system as BSD technology, the microbial community structures in the GET system were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Thirty-four phyla were detected: 31 bacterial and 3 archaeal. <i>Firmicutes</i> dominated during the experimental period, which plays an important role in BSD functions such as organic decomposition, nitrate removal, and soil-borne pathogen elimination. The ability of the GET system to control soil-borne pathogens as well as produce renewable energy was demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"47 3","pages":"111-117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ee/bb/jps-47-3-D22-010.PMC9706286.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10371201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of a rice herbicide, fenquinotrione. 水稻除草剂芬喹诺酮的研制。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学
Journal of Pesticide Science Pub Date : 2022-08-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.J22-02
Atsushi Nagamatsu, Ken Ueda, Ryuji Tamai, Shinki Tani, Shunsuke Yamamoto
{"title":"Development of a rice herbicide, fenquinotrione.","authors":"Atsushi Nagamatsu,&nbsp;Ken Ueda,&nbsp;Ryuji Tamai,&nbsp;Shinki Tani,&nbsp;Shunsuke Yamamoto","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.J22-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.J22-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fenquinotrione is a novel rice herbicide that was discovered and developed by Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. It can control a wide range of broadleaf and sedge weeds with excellent rice selectivity at 30 g a.i./10 a and is as effective as the wild type on acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant weeds. Our metabolic and molecular biological studies showed that CYP81A6-mediated demethylation and subsequent glucose conjugation are responsible for the safety of fenquinotrione in rice. Fenquinotrione was registered in Japan in 2018, and various products containing fenquinotrione have been launched. With its high efficacy and excellent rice selectivity, we believe that fenquinotrione will contribute to efficient food production in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"47 3","pages":"139-145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6c/d9/jps-47-3-J22-02.PMC9706282.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10378472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural insights into the interaction between gabazine (SR-95531) and Laodelphax striatellus GABA receptors. gabazine (SR-95531)与纹状线虫GABA受体相互作用的结构研究。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学
Journal of Pesticide Science Pub Date : 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D22-007
Yuki Fujie, Genyan Liu, Fumiyo Ozoe, Yoshihisa Ozoe
{"title":"Structural insights into the interaction between gabazine (SR-95531) and <i>Laodelphax striatellus</i> GABA receptors.","authors":"Yuki Fujie,&nbsp;Genyan Liu,&nbsp;Fumiyo Ozoe,&nbsp;Yoshihisa Ozoe","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D22-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D22-007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>γ-Aminobutyric acid receptors (GABARs) mediate fast inhibitory neurotransmission and are targets for insecticides. GABARs are composed of five subunits, the composition of which dictates the pharmacological characteristics of GABARs. Both competitive and noncompetitive GABAR antagonists can be used as insecticides. Gabazine is a potent competitive antagonist of mammalian α1β2γ2 GABARs; however, it is less potent against insect GABARs. To explore how gabazine interacts with GABARs, we examined whether the sensitivity of the small brown planthopper (<i>Laodelphax striatellus</i>) RDL GABAR (LsRDLR) to gabazine is increased when its amino acid residues are substituted with α1β2γ2 GABAR residues. In the results, two of the generated mutants showed enhanced gabazine sensitivity. Docking simulations of gabazine using LsRDLR homology models and an α1β2γ2 GABAR cryo-EM structure revealed that the accommodation of gabazine into the \"aromatic box\" in the orthosteric site lowered the binding energy. This information may help in designing GABAR-targeting insecticides with novel modes of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"47 2","pages":"78-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/50/d2/jps-47-2-D22-007.PMC9184248.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40580381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Permeability of the fish intestinal membrane to bulky chemicals. 鱼类肠膜对大体积化学物质的渗透性。
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学
Journal of Pesticide Science Pub Date : 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D21-055
Chiyoko Miyata, Yoshihide Matoba, Makiko Mukumoto, Yoshiaki Nakagawa, Hisashi Miyagawa
{"title":"Permeability of the fish intestinal membrane to bulky chemicals.","authors":"Chiyoko Miyata, Yoshihide Matoba, Makiko Mukumoto, Yoshiaki Nakagawa, Hisashi Miyagawa","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D21-055","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D21-055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to predict the environmental behavior of chemicals precisely is important for realizing more rational regulation. In this study, the bioaccumulation of nine chemicals of different molecular weights absorbed <i>via</i> the intestinal tract was evaluated in fish using the everted gut sac method. The amounts of chemicals that passed through the intestinal membrane after a 24-hr exposure were significantly decreased for chemicals with MW≥548 and D<sub>max min</sub>≥15.8 Å (or D<sub>max aver</sub>≥17.2 Å). These thresholds are consistent with those previously proposed in terms of MW (>800) and molecular size (D<sub>max min</sub>>15.6 Å or D<sub>max aver</sub>>17.1 Å) for the limit of permeable chemicals through the gill membrane. The results show that the same MW and D<sub>max</sub> criteria can be used to predict low bioaccumulation through both the gill membrane and the intestinal tract. These findings are helpful in reducing the need to conduct animal tests in environmental safety studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"47 2","pages":"86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/11/jps-47-2-D21-055.PMC9184245.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40580382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of temperature and humidity on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces. 温度和湿度对水稻叶片表面农药滴接触角的影响。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学
Journal of Pesticide Science Pub Date : 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D21-068
Jiantao Zhang, Tengyuan Zhou, Jiajun Zeng, Xuanchun Yin, Yubin Lan, Sheng Wen
{"title":"Effects of temperature and humidity on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces.","authors":"Jiantao Zhang,&nbsp;Tengyuan Zhou,&nbsp;Jiajun Zeng,&nbsp;Xuanchun Yin,&nbsp;Yubin Lan,&nbsp;Sheng Wen","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D21-068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D21-068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of external factors such as temperature, humidity, pesticide formulation, and pesticide concentration on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces were analyzed. The experiments showed that there were significant differences in the contact angles of droplets on the leaf surfaces under different temperatures and humidity. As the ambient temperature increased, the contact angle first decreased and then increased, reaching a minimum value at 25°C. With a gradual increase in humidity, the contact angle significantly increased and reached a maximum at 100% humidity. Finally, it was concluded that both the formulation and concentration of the pesticide had a significant effect on the contact angle of droplets on rice leaf surfaces. The experiments also illustrated that the effects of the pesticide formulation and concentration on the contact angle were more significant than those of temperature and humidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"47 2","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c1/b1/jps-47-2-D21-068.PMC9184250.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40580383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Mortality of Orius insidiosus by contact with spinosad in the laboratory as well as in the field and a perspective of these as controllers of Frankliniella occidentalis. 实验室和野外与棘球菊接触对隐孔螟死亡率的影响及其防治西富兰克林蝇的效果观察。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学
Journal of Pesticide Science Pub Date : 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D22-012
Samuel Cruz-Esteban, Irais Brito-Bonifacio, David Estrada-Valencia, Edith Garay-Serrano
{"title":"Mortality of <i>Orius insidiosus</i> by contact with spinosad in the laboratory as well as in the field and a perspective of these as controllers of <i>Frankliniella occidentalis</i>.","authors":"Samuel Cruz-Esteban,&nbsp;Irais Brito-Bonifacio,&nbsp;David Estrada-Valencia,&nbsp;Edith Garay-Serrano","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D22-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D22-012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Orius insidiosus</i>, known as the pirate bug, is widely distributed throughout the Americas. It is employed for the biological control of <i>Frankliniella occidentalis</i> in organic berry crops in Mexico. In conventional crops, spinosad is the main control method for this pest. The LD<sub>50</sub> of spinosad on <i>O. insidiosus</i> was determined. In addition, we monitored the population density of <i>F. occidentalis</i> in blackberry crops under two types of management (biochemical+mass trapping, and biological control). The LD<sub>50</sub> was 225.65 ppm 3.8 times greater than the 60 ppm dose commonly used in blackberry crops. Both types of control are efficient; however, spinosad is less effective and should be combined with other environmentally friendly strategies. The possibility of combining chromatic traps+spinosad application and chromatic traps+strategic release of <i>O. insidiosus</i> to effectively control thrips without compromising fruit quality is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"47 2","pages":"93-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/58/eb/jps-47-2-D22-012.PMC9184249.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40580380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Studies on the inhibition of methanogenesis and dechlorination by (4-hydroxyphenyl) chloromethanesulfonate. 研究（4-羟基苯基）氯甲烷磺酸盐对甲烷生成和脱氯的抑制作用。
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学
Journal of Pesticide Science Pub Date : 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D21-071
Yudai Hotta, Chizu Yagoshi, Ryo Okazaki, Mitsumasa Ikeda
{"title":"Studies on the inhibition of methanogenesis and dechlorination by (4-hydroxyphenyl) chloromethanesulfonate.","authors":"Yudai Hotta, Chizu Yagoshi, Ryo Okazaki, Mitsumasa Ikeda","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D21-071","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D21-071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of chemicals on methane emissions in paddy soil. We found that (4-hydroxyphenyl) chloromethanesulfonate (C-1) has a methanogenic inhibition activity, and we studied its inhibition mechanism using laboratory tests. The study found that C-1 treatment of flooded soil did not significantly affect the bacterial community but rather the archaeal community; particularly, <i>Methanosarcina</i> spp. C-1 strongly inhibited the aceticlastic methanogenesis route. It was suggested that the inhibitory target of C-1 was different from the well-known methanogenic inhibitor 2-bromoethanesulfonate, which targets methyl-coenzyme M reductase of methanogen. In addition, C-1 had a secondary effect of inhibiting the dechlorination of chlorophenols. Although field trials are required as the next development step, C-1 can be used to reduce methane emissions from paddy fields, one of the largest sources in the agricultural sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"47 2","pages":"69-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5e/73/jps-47-2-D21-071.PMC9184246.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40491929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Engineering of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins. 苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫蛋白的工程研究。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学
Journal of Pesticide Science Pub Date : 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D22-016
Takashi Yamamoto
{"title":"Engineering of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> insecticidal proteins.","authors":"Takashi Yamamoto","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D22-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D22-016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt) has been used as sprayable pesticides for many decades. Bt strains utilized in these products produce multiple insecticidal proteins to complement a narrow insect specificity of each protein. In the late 1990s, genes encoding Bt insecticidal proteins were expressed in crop plants such as cotton and corn to protect these crops from insect damage. The first Bt protein used in transgenic cotton was Cry1Ac to control <i>Heliothis virescens</i> (tobacco budworm). Cry1Ab was applied to corn to control <i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i> (European corn borer). Since these insects have developed resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab, new Bt proteins are required to overcome the resistance. In order to protect corn furthermore, it is desired to control <i>Diabrotica virgifera</i> (Western corn rootworm), <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> (corn earworm) and <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (fall armyworm). Recently, many new Bt insecticidal proteins have been discovered, but most of them require protein engineering to meet the high activity standard for commercialization. The engineering process for higher activity necessary for Bt crops is called optimization. The seed industry has been optimizing Bt insecticidal proteins to improve their insecticidal activity. In this review, several optimization projects, which have led to substantial activity increases of Bt insecticidal proteins, are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"47 2","pages":"47-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4b/15/jps-47-2-D22-016.PMC9184247.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40580379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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