{"title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of trifluoromethyl-containing auxin derivatives.","authors":"Mitsuaki Yamashita, Fuki Saneoka, Aozora Sano, Towa Arakawa, Akira Iida","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-026","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focused on the chemical synthesis of auxin analogs, wherein a trifluoromethyl group was introduced near the carboxyl group in the side chain of natural and synthetic auxins, including IAA, NAA, IBA, 2,4-D, and 4-Cl-IAA. The effects of these synthetic compounds and natural auxins on plant growth regulation and callus growth were evaluated. In experiments with black gram, CF<sub>3</sub>-IAA and 4-Cl-CF<sub>3</sub>-IAA exhibited comparable effects to the parent compound, IAA. Meanwhile, CF<sub>3</sub>-NAA, CF<sub>3</sub>-2,4-D, CF<sub>3</sub>-IBA-1, and CF<sub>3</sub>-IBA-2 displayed effects that differed considerably from those of their respective parent auxins. In experiments with lettuce, CF<sub>3</sub>-IAA, 4-Cl-CF<sub>3</sub>-IAA, CF<sub>3</sub>-NAA, CF<sub>3</sub>-2,4-D, and CF<sub>3</sub>-IBA-1 showed effects comparable to the corresponding parent auxins. However, at low concentrations, these analogs induced hypocotyl and root elongations, a response distinct from that observed with their parent compounds. Furthermore, CF<sub>3</sub>-IBA-2 considerably promoted hypocotyl and root elongations across all concentrations relative to the control. The addition of synthetic compounds to callus cultures revealed that CF<sub>3</sub>-IAA, 4-Cl-CF<sub>3</sub>-IAA, CF<sub>3</sub>-NAA, and CF<sub>3</sub>-2,4-D promoted callus proliferation, whereas CF<sub>3</sub>-IBA-1 and CF<sub>3</sub>-IBA-2 did not enhance callus growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"64-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Takahashi, Masahiro Kawaguchi, Koichi Hirata, Keiji Koizumi
{"title":"Development of a novel acaricide, acynonapyr.","authors":"Jun Takahashi, Masahiro Kawaguchi, Koichi Hirata, Keiji Koizumi","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.J25-04","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.J25-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acynonapyr is a novel acaricide developed by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. It contains a unique azabicyclic ring and oxyamine structure and represents the first agricultural chemical that targets calcium-activated potassium channels, classified as Group 33 in the IRAC Mode of Action Classification. Acynonapyr exhibits high selectivity against spider mites across all developmental stages and has minimal impact on beneficial insects and natural enemies, rendering it suitable for Integrated Pest Management systems. The compound acts by inhibiting potassium ion flow through K<sub>Ca</sub>2 channels in spider mites, leading to neurological symptoms such as convulsions and impaired mobility and ultimately resulting in mortality. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that acynonapyr effectively blocks <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> calcium-activated potassium channels. Importantly, acynonapyr shows little activity against mammalian calcium-activated potassium channels, contributing to its favorable safety profile. The compound shows efficacy against acaricide-resistant spider mite populations, providing a useful tool for pesticide resistance management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"102-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bioorganic chemistry of natural products that control plant pathogens.","authors":"Arata Yajima","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.J25-03","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.J25-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing new agrochemicals is essential for sustainable agriculture and global food security. Our group focused on natural products that control plant pathogens, conducting synthetic research across three key areas of interest: antimicrobial compounds, phytoalexins, and microbial signaling molecules. We established new methods for producing chiral allylic alcohols as useful synthetic intermediates for natural product synthesis <i>via</i> the enantioselective synthesis of antimicrobial agents such as peniciaculins. In the phytoalexin research, the synthesis of biosynthetic intermediates enabled the elucidation of enzyme functions in terms of their biosynthesis and the confirmation of absolute configurations, deepening our understanding of plant defense systems. Furthermore, the total synthesis and biosynthetic studies of <i>Phytophthora</i> mating hormones revealed a unique chemical relay system regulating sexual reproduction. These findings emphasize the importance of synthetic chemistry in advancing natural product research and offer new strategies for crop protection. Our interdisciplinary approach paves the way for future innovations in combating agricultural pests and diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor-resistance mutations, T78I, N85K/S, and H151R, in the <i>SdhC</i> gene in the tomato leaf mold pathogen, <i>Passalora fulva</i>.","authors":"Kenshi Hirai, Ryouko Satake, Hideki Watanabe, Kaori Nakajima, Taku Kawakami, Fumiyasu Fukumori, Makoto Fujimura, Akihiko Ichiishi","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-007","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tomato leaf mold caused by <i>Passalora fulva</i> is a significant disease in tomato production. We isolated several types of boscalid-resistant isolates in the Gifu and Mie Prefectures of Japan. Sequencing analysis of succinate dehydrogenase (Sdh) subunits B, C, and D genes strongly indicated that four amino acid substitutions-T78I, N85K, N85S, and H151R in SdhC-conferred boscalid resistance. We conducted SNP assays to detect each mutation using qPCR techniques and revealed that all 35 resistant isolates had one of these mutations in the <i>SdhC.</i> Among the four resistance types, N85K isolates exhibited the highest, N85S isolates showed the lowest, and T78I and H151R isolates displayed moderate resistance to boscalid. These mutations also conferred cross-resistance to other succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides, including penthiopyrad, pyraziflumid, fluopyram, and isofetamid. A predicted SdhC protein structure, created by I-TASSER, suggests that the amino acid at position 151 is located close to those of positions 78 and 85, likely forming the SDHI-binding pocket of the protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of the insecticide oxazosulfyl.","authors":"Mai Ito, Yoshihiko Nokura, Masaki Takahashi, Masashi Kamezaki, Emiko Sakamoto, Shinya Nishimura","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.J25-02","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.J25-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxazosulfyl, a novel insecticide originally discovered and developed by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., belongs to a new chemical class, the sulfyl group, structurally characterized by its ethylsulfonyl moiety. It exhibits excellent control against a broad range of major rice insect pests, including Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera, through nursery-box application. With a novel structural backbone and mode of action, this insecticide is classified by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee as the sole member of novel code 37, vesicular acetylcholine transporter inhibitor. A substantial number of field studies in rice paddy fields have demonstrated that oxazosulfyl, registered in Japan in April 2021 as ALLES® granules, is highly effective against populations that have developed reduced sensitivity or resistance to existing insecticides. Given these favorable properties, oxazosulfyl is expected to contribute to the management of insecticide resistance, the reduction of agricultural chemical use, labor savings, and sustainable agriculture as a next-generation insecticide.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inhibition of chitin synthesis by 5-benzoylamino-3-phenylisoxazoles with various substituents at two benzene rings and their larvicidal activity.","authors":"Kotaro Mori, Masahiro Miyashita, Soichirou Mori, Norio Shibata, Mitsunori Ikeguchi, Yoshiaki Nakagawa","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-040","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>N</i>-(3-Phenylisoxazol-5-yl)benzamides (5-benzoylamino-3-phenylisoxazoles: IOXs) with various substituents at two benzene rings were synthesized, and the chitin synthesis inhibition was measured in the cultured integumentary system of <i>Chilo suppressalis</i>. Larvicidal effects against <i>C. suppressalis</i> and <i>Spodoptera litura</i> were also examined, and the larvicidal activity in terms of the 50% lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) was determined for some compounds. Among IOXs with various substituents at the benzoyl moiety, 2,6-difluoro-substituted (2,6-F<sub>2</sub>) benzoyl analogs showed the highest chitin synthesis activity. The larvicidal activities against <i>C. suppressalis</i> and <i>S. litura</i> were 1/138 and 1/35 that of diflubenzuron, a representative benzoylphenylurea-type insecticide, respectively. In a further study, 2,6-F<sub>2</sub> benzoyl analogs with various substituents at the phenyl moiety, such as Br, CF<sub>3</sub>, CN, OEt, Ph, and alkyls (CH<sub>3</sub>, Et, <i>i</i>-Pr, <i>n</i>-Bu, and <i>t</i>-Bu), were synthesized, and their chitin synthesis inhibition in the <i>Chilo</i> integument and their larvicidal activity against <i>S. litura</i> were quantitatively measured. The introduction of bulky CF<sub>3</sub> and <i>t</i>-Bu at the phenyl moiety of 2,6-F<sub>2</sub> benzoyl analog favorably enhanced the larvicidal activity against <i>S. litura.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of capsaicin on voltage-gated sodium channels with <i>kdr</i> mutation from German cockroaches (<i>Blattella germanica</i>).","authors":"Masashi Kamezaki, Hisashi Nishiwaki","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-023","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Capsaicin inhibits the current flow in the voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) of mammals and insects. The aim of the present study was to elucidate capsaicin toxicity in pyrethroid-susceptible and knockdown resistant (<i>kdr</i>; with reduced pyrethroid sensitivity) strains of the German cockroach (<i>Blattella germanica</i>) and its effects on VGSCs carrying the <i>kdr</i> mutation. Injection tests revealed that adult cockroaches from susceptible and <i>kdr</i> strains exhibited sluggish movement and paralysis upon abdominal capsaicin administration, consistent with its inhibitory effect on VGSC currents. The LD<sub>50</sub> values of capsaicin were 16 and 36 µg per insect for the susceptible and <i>kdr</i> strains, respectively, yielding a resistance ratio of 2.3. Two-electrode voltage clamp assays showed that the EC<sub>50</sub> values for the capsaicin-mediated inhibition of VGSC currents were 4.27 and 9.19 µM for susceptible and <i>kdr</i> mutant channels, respectively, yielding a resistance ratio of 2.2. The findings indicate that capsaicin retains inhibitory activity against insect VGSCs even in the presence of <i>kdr</i> mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"74-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Menghan Li, Longfei Jin, Bin Liu, Yifang Qian, Haofu Hu, Xin Wang, Yang Zhang, Wenping Xu
{"title":"Advantages of ethylene glycol diacetate as a potential solvent for herbicide formulations.","authors":"Menghan Li, Longfei Jin, Bin Liu, Yifang Qian, Haofu Hu, Xin Wang, Yang Zhang, Wenping Xu","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D24-051","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D24-051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emulsifiable concentrates and oil suspensions are typical pesticide formulations. Many pesticides on the market use aromatic hydrocarbons as solvents. However, studies have revealed their potential risks to humans and the environment. Ethylene glycol diacetate (EGDA) is a low-toxicity and eco-friendly solvent with low utilization in pesticides. This study explores EGDA's potential to replace xylene. Results indicate that EGDA formulations enhance droplet adhesion to leaves, boosting pesticide efficiency. They exhibit lower surface tension and contact angles, with a 24%-40% increase in leaf retention. Bioassays show that 15% cyhalofop-butyl EC and 10% nicosulfuron OF with EGDA offer weed control that is superior to xylene-based formulations by 9.1%-30.5% in greenhouses and 4.8%-6.7% in fields. Xylene preparations are 2-3 times more cytotoxic to human bronchial cells than EGDA-based ones. Thus, EGDA is a promising pesticide solvent, outperforming traditional aromatic solvents in environmental friendliness and reducing adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"50 2","pages":"31-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12256704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biological efficacy of polyoxin D in crop protection.","authors":"Kyuya Suda, Shin-Ichiro Kochi","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D24-055","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D24-055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyoxin D is purified from the culture broth of actinomycetes and used as an agricultural fungicide. This compound shows antifungal activity against various plant pathogenic fungi, especially <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, by inhibiting germination, hyphal growth, and sporulation of the fungi. Its mode of action is thought to be <i>via</i> the competitive inhibition of chitin synthase, which causes incomplete cell wall formation and swelling in germ tubes, hyphae and septa. This action is unique and results in the suppression of diseases in various crops through fungistatic rather than fungicidal activity. Although the polyoxin complex shows not only fungicidal but also insecticidal activity, polyoxin D has less activity against insects, no negative impacts on the environment and is suitable for organic agriculture. Polyoxin D has the potential to control soil-borne and post-harvest diseases and to inhibit mycotoxin production <i>via</i> a new mode of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"50 2","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12256705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing α-galactosidase OmAGAL2 inhibitors and their impact on germination and sugar profiles in <i>Orobanche minor</i>.","authors":"Masahiro Onitsuka, Takatoshi Wakabayashi, Takumi Ogawa, Yukihiro Sugimoto, Daisaku Ohta, Atsushi Okazawa","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-005","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Root parasitic weeds from the <i>Orobanche</i> genus significantly damage crop production in African and European countries. Previous studies identified the metabolism of planteose, a storage trisaccharide in root parasitic weeds, as a potential control target. In <i>Orobanche minor</i>, α-galactosidase OmAGAL2 hydrolyzes planteose into sucrose upon perceiving germination stimulant strigolactones. Subsequently, invertases break down sucrose into glucose and fructose, essential for germination. This study screened chemical libraries to identify inhibitors against OmAGAL2-mCherry, secreted from transgenic tobacco BY-2 cells. Two inhibitors, 82-G8 and 85-B10, which significantly reduced the OmAGAL2 activity to less than 70% of the control, were evaluated for their impact on <i>O. minor</i> germination and sugar profiles. Results showed that OmAGAL2 inhibitors suppressed <i>O. minor</i> radicle elongation by inhibiting planteose metabolism, with effects more pronounced when applied at the start of conditioning rather than during germination stimulation. Further structural optimization could yield a novel class of chemicals for controlling <i>Orobanche</i> spp.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"50 2","pages":"40-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12246499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}