{"title":"Syntheses of all stereoisomers of aptosimon (9-oxosesamin) and their effects on plant growth regulation and diacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibition.","authors":"Momoka Okada, Airi Iwata, Hisashi Nishiwaki, Shigeki Mori, Satoshi Yamauchi","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-072","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All eight stereoisomers of aptosimon (9-oxosesamin) were synthesized by employing Evans' <i>anti</i>- and <i>syn</i>-aldol condensations. Among them, the (7<i>S</i>,7'<i>R</i>,8<i>R</i>,8'<i>S</i>)-aptosimon was more active than (+)- and (-)-sesamin at 1×10<sup>-5</sup> M in promoting lettuce root growth under illumination conditions (44 µmol·m<sup>-2</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup>). The effect of the 9-oxo group on the promotion of lettuce root growth was not observed from the results of activity experiments of stereoisomers carrying the same stereochemistry as those of (+)- and (-)-sesamin (<b>1</b>). However, the importance of 7<i>S</i>-configurations of aptosimon (9-oxosesamin) stereoisomers for the higher promotion of lettuce root growth was suggested. Based on optical rotation data and NMR analysis of the synthesized stereoisomers, the diacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitory aptosimon was determined to be (7<i>S</i>,7'<i>S</i>,8<i>S</i>,8'<i>R</i>)-aptosimon and its enantiomer.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"51 2","pages":"121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148226225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eva Garrido, Sandra Vacas, Maria Jose López Tendero, M Dolores Marcos, Vicente Navarro-Llopis, Andrea Bernardos, Aitor Gavara, Ramón Martínez-Máñez
{"title":"Eco-friendly fruit fly control through protein-gated mesoporous silica nanoparticles.","authors":"Eva Garrido, Sandra Vacas, Maria Jose López Tendero, M Dolores Marcos, Vicente Navarro-Llopis, Andrea Bernardos, Aitor Gavara, Ramón Martínez-Máñez","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-055","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mediterranean fruit fly (<i>Ceratitis capitata</i>) is a top horticultural pest, affecting a variety of fruits and increasingly damaging extra-early citrus cultivars. Lambda-cyhalothrin, a commonly used pyrethroid insecticide, is losing effectiveness due to resistance in <i>C. capitata</i>, driven by repeated and sublethal treatments. In this work, we have developed an eco-friendly nanosystem based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with lambda-cyhalothrin and capped with hydrolysed corn protein that both attracts protein-feeding insects and seals the insecticide inside. This design protects the active ingredient from premature degradation and photolysis and ensures targeted release-triggered by protease enzymes in the fly's saliva, thereby activating the insecticide only upon ingestion. Field tests on clementine leaves demonstrated sustained insecticidal activity for over four weeks, far longer than conventional pyrethroid sprays, while minimizing off-target exposure and sublethal dosing.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"51 2","pages":"85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13265266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regioselective synthesis of 3-halo-2<i>H</i>-chromenes via decarboxylative halogenation of oxygenated 3-carboxy-2<i>H</i>-chromenes: Application to isoflavonoid synthesis.","authors":"Bubwoong Kang, Kosuke Takahara, Itsuki Toyoguchi, Tetsuya Satoh","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D26-004","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D26-004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A practical and regioselective method has been developed for 3-halo-2<i>H</i>-chromene synthesis <i>via</i> decarboxylative halogenation. These chromenes are key intermediates in synthesizing isoflavene derivatives and related bioactive compounds, including molecules of interest in agrochemical research. In this study, 3-carboxy-2<i>H</i>-chromenes, prepared from salicylaldehyde-derived cyanochromenes, were subjected to decarboxylative halogenation under mild conditions. Systematic evaluation of halogen sources, bases, solvents, and other reaction parameters revealed that combining tetrabutylammonium tribromide with sodium-containing bases in acetonitrile promotes decarboxylative bromination with high regioselectivity. This method was designed for chromene substrates bearing oxygen-containing functional groups, which are often difficult to synthesize due to competing electrophilic aromatic substitutions. The optimized protocol, demonstrated on gram scale, afforded the corresponding 3-bromo-2<i>H</i>-chromene as the sole isolable species without requiring column chromatography. The resulting 3-bromo-2<i>H</i>-chromene was converted into an isoflavene derivative <i>via</i> Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, accomplishing its first convergent synthesis as well as formal total synthesis of an isoflavan natural product.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"51 2","pages":"93-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148226199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distribution of sodium channel mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in phytoseiid mite species in vineyards.","authors":"Shoji Sonoda, Nobuo Sawamura, Eriko Yamamoto, Kikyo Ubara, Yuudai Nishiyama, Yutaka Narai, Sotaro Nagano, Hidenari Kishimoto, Masatoshi Toyama","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-077","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For this study, first, the composition of phytoseiid mite species was examined at vineyards in Shimane Prefecture, western Japan, in 2023 and 2024 using quantitative sequencing (QS) and nucleotide sequencing. <i>Amblyseius eharai</i> and <i>Amblyseius andersoni</i> were the most dominant species. Then, the proportion of sodium channel mutations (M918L and L925V/M) involved in pyrethroid resistance was examined using another QS and nucleotide sequencing. Results revealed wide distributions of both mutations in <i>A. eharai</i> and the former mutation in <i>A. andersoni</i>. Results also revealed the presence of M918L in <i>Neoseiulus barkeri</i> and <i>Neoseiulus californicus</i>, but not in <i>Euseius sojaensis</i>. Genotyping for the other mutation sites using the collected phytoseiid mites revealed that all <i>A. eharai</i> and <i>A. andersoni</i> individuals had S1539T, as did some <i>N. californicus</i> individuals. These results suggest that phytoseiid mite species, with the exception of <i>E. sojaensis</i>, have reduced sensitivity to pyrethroids in vineyards in Shimane Prefecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13013557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies on the control of root parasitic plants focusing on germination metabolism.","authors":"Atsushi Okazawa","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.J26-01","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.J26-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most harmful weed in African agriculture is the root parasitic witchweed <i>Striga hermonthica</i>, of the family Orobanchaceae, which parasitizes staple food crops. Some broomrapes (<i>Orobanche</i> spp.) and branched broomrapes (<i>Phelipanche</i> spp.) also cause significant loss of leguminous crops and vegetables worldwide. Therefore, the control of root parasitic weeds is an agricultural issue worldwide. Because root parasitic weeds are obligate, reaching the host roots following germination through their radicle elongation is required to complete their life cycles. Conversely, inhibiting germination and radicle elongation may be an effective strategy for controlling root parasitic weeds. We identified a characteristic storage carbohydrate, planteose, in root parasitic plants and examined its metabolism, which may serve as a target for controlling root parasitic weeds. Here, our study of the germination process in the root parasitic weeds is reviewed, and the potential of germination metabolic inhibitors as control agents for root parasitic weeds is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"72-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13013556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Isofetamid efficacy against SDHI-resistant fungal pathogens.","authors":"Yuzuka Abe, Yoshitake Desaki, Nanami Kuwahara, Yohei Fukumori, Shintaro Tsukuda, Kosuke Tsunematsu, Munekazu Ogawa, Satoshi Araki, Shigeru Mitani, Kazumi Suzuki","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-070","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we report the results of sensitivity tests to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides performed on isolates of cucumber Corynespora leaf spot, powdery mildew, and tomato leaf mold pathogens collected in Japan. Isofetamid and fluopyram showed strong activity against boscalid-resistant isolates of <i>Corynespora cassiicola</i> from Tokushima Prefecture in <i>in vitro</i> antifungal assays and <i>in vivo</i> pot experiments. Isofetamid and fluopyram also showed comparable efficacy against boscalid- and penthiopyrad-resistant isolate of <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> collected in Saga Prefecture using a leaf disc assay. No change was detected in the amino acid sequence of sdhB in the causal pathogen. In addition, during <i>in vitro</i> antifungal tests, isofetamid demonstrated high activity against <i>Fulvia fulva</i> isolates resistant to boscalid, penthiopyrad, and fluopyram obtained in Gifu Prefecture. Collectively, these results indicated that isofetamid maintained similar efficacy against isolates resistant to other SDHIs as against sensitive isolates of these pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"60-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13013558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comprehensive review of new pesticides developed between 2015 and 2025.","authors":"Noriharu Umetsu, Yuichi Shirai","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-078","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>General trends and strategies for the development of new pesticides are summarized. From 2015 to 2025, 156 chemical pesticides were launched or are under development: 47 fungicides, 54 insecticides/acaricides, 9 nematicides, and 46 herbicides. Most are safe to humans and environmentally friendly. The most developed fungicides are succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, quinone outside inhibitors, quinone inside inhibitors, and demethylation inhibitors. The general trend of insecticide development is in the progress of four major classes of insecticides: nicotinic insecticides, diamide insecticides, GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators, and insect behavior or growth regulators. Due to the development of resistance to fungicides and insecticides with existing modes of action, many compounds possessing various novel modes of action have been developed. Peptide pesticides and RNAi-based insecticides have been put into practical use. Although no herbicides with novel modes of action appeared for approximately 30 years before 2018, since then eight herbicides with five novel modes of action have emerged, including those for existing herbicides. The development of useful acaricides and nematicides is also progressing.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13021355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on the molecular mechanisms and applications of plant immune priming.","authors":"Moeka Fujita","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.J26-02","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.J26-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants that live a life fixed to the ground cannot escape from various pathogens and must deal with them. To effectively defend against pathogen infection, plants have various resistance mechanisms, which are in a trade-off relationship with growth. In addition to these disease resistance mechanisms, plants have a system called priming that enhances resistance mechanisms but does not affect growth. Analysis of immune priming induced by mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato revealed that priming is effective against multiple defense signals mediated by salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid signals and against both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. In Arabidopsis, strigolactone signaling-induced priming was shown to enhance ethylene signaling and camalexin synthesis in addition to SA signaling. These findings are expected to lead to more effective use of priming to protect plants in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"78-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13013555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indoor behavior prediction and risk assessment of an active substance in an aerosol for controlling flies and mosquitoes under various conditions.","authors":"Sayuri Tanaka, Yoshihide Matoba, Hiroaki Kondo, Tomohiko Ihara","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-059","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using the fugacity model InPestCFD, we predicted the indoor behavior of an active substance in an aerosol intended for controlling flies and mosquitoes under various conditions and conducted a comprehensive risk assessment. In predicting behavior, we examined the impact of spraying methods, room air exchange rates, position of an air inlet, and location of a bed, revealing spatiotemporal behaviors not observed previously. For the risk assessment, we predicted the exposure levels for adults and children based on different scenarios from the predicted concentrations and compared them with the acceptable levels of the active substance. Comparison of the obtained results with the results of risk assessment currently conducted in Japan and the United States revealed that current guidelines are considerably conservative in the United States and sufficiently conservative in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"44-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13021354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Pieter van der Berg, Gijs Spaans, Mark Sturme, Gijs Kleter
{"title":"Developments and food safety considerations concerning genetically engineered microbial crop protection agents and biostimulants.","authors":"Jan Pieter van der Berg, Gijs Spaans, Mark Sturme, Gijs Kleter","doi":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-006","DOIUrl":"10.1584/jpestics.D25-006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetically modified micro-organisms (GMMs) can be used in agriculture as crop protection agents against plant pests and diseases or as biostimulants intended to enhance plant nutrition. If GMMs are to be utilized in agriculture, they should conform with safety and regulatory requirements. Both academic and non-academic literature were evaluated for developments and commercial status of experimental GMMs intended as crop protection agents and biostimulants. The review also considers regulatory data requirements for GMMs that are relevant for food safety, as recommended by international organizations and authorities in the EU and USA. Experimental GMMs reported in literature and patents are mainly intended for biocontrol of insect pests and phytopathogenic fungi using specialized strains of bacteria (<i>e.g., Bacillus</i> spp.), fungi (<i>e.g.</i>, <i>Trichoderma</i> spp.), and baculoviruses. GMMs with biostimulant or biofertilizer activity include microbes with plant nutrition-enhancing and enhanced nitrogen fixation traits. Food safety data requirements for GMMs, as mandated by EU and US regulations, are similar. By replacing high-risk chemical pesticides, GMMs could help achieve policies towards greater sustainability of agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":16712,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pesticide Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12665435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145654428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}