Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Caustic ingestion in children: A prospective analysis of poor outcome key predictors useful for clinical management optimization.","authors":"Piergiorgio Gragnaniello, Filippo Torroni, Monica Malamisura, Renato Tambucci, Luca Maria Antoniello, Andrea Chiaro, Francesca Destro, Valeria Dipasquale, Enrico Felici, Francesco Macchini, Marta Maino, Barbara Parma, Alessio Pini Prato, Sara Renzo, Pasquale Dolce, Margherita Rosa, Rossella Turco, Letizia Zenzeri, Giovanni di Nardo, Paolo Quitadamo","doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpn3.70623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Endoscopic examination is the main diagnostic test to evaluate the extent and severity of any mucosal lesions after caustic ingestion, in order to target the most appropriate treatment and follow-up. Our main aim was to evaluate clinical, biochemical, and instrumental parameters in order to identify possible key predictors of poor outcome and therefore identify possible subgroups of asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic children who may benefit from the endoscopic examination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All children admitted for caustic ingestion were prospectively enrolled. Poor outcome was defined as the presence of mucosal lesions with severe/uncertain prognosis: Zargar score 2b to 4 or severe gastric/duodenal lesions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred and eighty-three children were enrolled. No asymptomatic patient showed poor outcome (p < 0.01). Children showing hematemesis, drooling, vomiting, oropharyngeal or labial lesions showed a higher risk of developing severe mucosal lesions (p < 0.01). The ingestion of caustic substances inappropriately stored in plastic glasses or bottles was found to be a risk factor for unfavorable outcome (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Asymptomatic children should not undergo endoscopic examination since severe mucosal lesions are associated with the development of at least one sign or symptom. However, this recommendation may not apply to children under 18 months of age or those with delayed psychomotor development or neuropsychiatric pathologies, likely because they are unable to reliably report symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of native liver survival and portal hypertension in biliary atresia.","authors":"Karyne Sumico de Lima Uyeno Jordão, Larissa Bastos Eloy da Costa, Maria Ângela Bellomo-Brandão","doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpn3.70618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the prognostic value of noninvasive markers Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRi) and Infantile Biliary Atresia Liver Fibrosis score (iBALF), as well as the histological Ishak fibrosis score, as predictors of native liver survival (NLS) and portal hypertension (PH) in children with biliary atresia BA undergoing Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted on children diagnosed with BA who underwent KPE. APRi and iBALF were calculated using laboratory data collected at hospital discharge after KPE. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was assessed and reviewed using the Ishak fibrosis score in liver biopsy specimens collected at KPE. NLS was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher APRi, iBALF, and Ishak fibrosis score values were associated with lower NLS (p < 0.006, p < 0.025, and p < 0.048, respectively). APRi and iBALF emerged as good PH predictors (p < 0.005 and p < 0.032, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>APRi, iBALF, and the Ishak fibrosis score showed prognostic value in predicting NLS in children with BA after KPE. These findings reinforce the potential use of biomarkers in the clinical follow-up of these patients, supporting risk stratification strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered T cell immune profile and its prognostic implications in children with portal hypertension: A pilot study.","authors":"Tengfei Si, Huihong Yu, Bethany Tucker, Fabiola Di Dato, Qing Shao, Xuan Luo, Cody Chan, Pauline Kane, Dylan Lewis, Eirini Kyrana, Yun Ma, Tassos Grammatikopoulos","doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpn3.70613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Immune dysregulation in paediatric portal hypertension (PHT) is poorly understood. We aimed to characterise T cell phenotype and function and circulating immune mediators in children with PHT according to disease aetiology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-four children with PHT (27 chronic liver disease [CLD]-related and 17 portal vein thrombosis [PVT]-related) and 15 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. Peripheral and portal blood samples were analysed using multiparameter flow cytometry and ELISA to assess T cell subsets, chemokine receptors, cytokines and soluble immune markers. Analyses examined group differences and correlations with liver stiffness and bleeding history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PHT was associated with reduced circulating T cells, altered immune phenotypes and impaired effector function. CLD-related PHT exhibited a pronounced pro-inflammatory profile, with elevated IFN-γ, TNF-α, MMP7 and soluble PD-L1 and increased CD39 and PD-1. PVT-related PHT showed relatively preserved liver function and milder systemic inflammation but altered T cell trafficking, characterised by increased CCR4 and reduced CXCR3 expression. Elevated CXCL9 correlated with CXCR3 expression. T cells in the portal circulation displayed reduced cytokine production and cytotoxicity, suggesting functional adaptation within the hepatic microenvironment. Liver stiffness correlated positively with pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune-regulatory markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Paediatric PHT is characterised by aetiology-specific T cell dysregulation. CLD-related PHT predominantly features chronic inflammation and T cell exhaustion, whereas PVT-related PHT shows a milder inflammatory phenotype with altered T cell trafficking. These findings provide mechanistic insights and identify candidate immune signatures requiring validation in larger, aetiology-specific cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":16694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior urethral valve and chronic constipation: Association and clinical outcome following endoscopic ablation in children.","authors":"Vera Manganaro, Sara Isoldi, Paolo Quitadamo, Lara Limansky, Cristina Bucci, Maria Giovanna Puoti, Rossella Turco, Pasquale Dolce, Chiara Santoro, Giovanni Torino, Agnese Roberti, Alessandra Farina, Giovanni Di Iorio","doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpn3.70622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Posterior urethral valves (PUV) are the most common cause of congenital urinary obstruction in male infants and may be associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The association between LUTS and chronic constipation (CC) in children, known as bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD), has been extensively investigated. However, how primary urological obstruction may influence gastrointestinal function remains poorly investigated. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of CC in children with PUV and evaluate changes in bowel symptoms following endoscopic PUV ablation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective observational study at \"Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital\" in Naples, Italy, from January 2021 to March 2024. Patients aged 0-6 years with PUV were enrolled. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including age, valve type, urological signs and symptoms, comorbidities, ongoing therapies. Bowel habits were assessed at diagnosis and after PUV ablation using Rome IV criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and one children were enrolled (mean age ± standard deviation = 32 ± 48.4 months). At baseline, 27/101 (26.7%) met Rome IV criteria for CC. After PUV ablation, constipation resolved in 19/27 patients (p < 0.01), reducing overall constipation prevalence from 26.7% to 11.9% (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis did not identify predictors of constipation resolution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children affected by PUV exhibit a likely increased prevalence of CC. Endoscopic PUV ablation leads to significant normalization of bowel function, supporting a bidirectional interplay between urinary and gastrointestinal systems. Larger controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings in order to clarify the underlying mechanisms and optimize long-term care for affected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed normalization of tissue transglutaminase antibodies in children with celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Ana Čala, Zvonimir Marko Škugor, Anita Špehar Uroić, Nevena Krnić, Katja Dumić, Lana Omerza, Irena Senečić-Čala, Zrinjka Mišak","doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpn3.70619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM1) and celiac disease (CD) can coexist in a patient. The aim was to evaluate the characteristics of children with both CD and T1DM and children with CD alone and to compare normalization rates of tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A class antibodies (anti-tTG IgA) normalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective longitudinal study included children with both T1DM and CD and children with CD alone found by family screening, followed up from 2013 to 2023. Anthropometric and serologic parameters were evaluated at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Included were 18 patients in T1DM + CD group (39% girls, median age 8.9 years) and 27 patients in CD group (52% girls, median age 8.8 years). There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, anthropometry parameters, frequency of patients with initial anti-tTG levels >10 times of upper limit of normal (78% vs. 63%, p > 0.05), frequency of follow-up visits (1.06 visits/year of follow-up vs. 0.76, p > 0.05) and follow-up period (4.3 vs. 3.89 years, p > 0.05). The only statistically significant difference was in timing of anti-tTG normalization. At 2 years after diagnosis anti-tTG normalized in 56% of patients in T1DM1 + CD versus 93% in CD alone group (p < 0.01). If only patients with high antibody titers were analyzed, the normalization was still slower in CD + T1DM group (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It takes longer to normalize anti-tTG in children with coexisting T1DM and CD than in CD alone found by family screening. We suggest monitoring these patients more closely during the first years after the diagnosis of CD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal prediction of infliximab initiation within 6 months after initiation of conventional therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease: A multicenter algorithm development and validation study.","authors":"Seon Young Kim, Seung Ha Hwang, Dongjin Yeo, Juyeong Kim, Gyeom Hwangbo, Do Hyun Kim, Yoo Min Lee, Selin Woo, Jong Woo Hahn, Dong Keon Yon","doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpn3.70602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Early prediction of treatment course in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) remains limited despite the importance of timely biologic therapy. We developed and externally validated a multimodal model integrating colonoscopy images and clinical data to predict infliximab initiation within 6 months after conventional therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected data from children newly diagnosed with CD at three hospitals: Seoul National University Bundang Hospital for internal validation, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, and Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital for external validation. Each patient contributed 7 endoscopic images and 20 clinical variables. An attention-based multiple-instance learning framework aggregated endoscopic images into a patient-level representation and integrated them with clinical features. The imaging encoder used a ResNet-50 backbone pretrained with momentum contrastive learning on GastroNet-5M, and clinical features were encoded using a multilayer perceptron. Performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), balanced accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Explainable AI was evaluated using attention maps (image data) and SHAP values (tabular data).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-seven children were included for model development and internal validation, with external validation performed in two independent cohorts (n = 10 and n = 20). The multimodal model achieved an AUROC of 0.839 and balanced accuracy of 0.732 in the discovery cohort. External-validation AUROCs were 0.857 and 0.688. SHapley Additive exPlanation analysis identified immunoglobulin G, body mass index, prealbumin, hematocrit, and age as key predictors. Attention maps highlighted inflamed mucosa and ulcerative lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A multimodal model integrating colonoscopy images with clinical data showed promising performance for predicting infliximab initiation within 6 months after conventional therapy in pediatric CD. Multimodal information may support early risk stratification and identify patients who could benefit from earlier biologic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":16694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an anthropometric-based algorithm to estimate feeding tube insertion depth in neonates.","authors":"Julius V Lauritsen, Christian Heiring, Line Wulff, Susanne S Kappel, Lise Aunsholt","doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpn3.70608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop an anthropometric-based algorithm for estimating feeding tube (FT) insertion depth in neonates using retrospectively collected radiographic data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study reviewed records of infants admitted to a Danish level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from January 2023 to December 2024. Infants with FT placement, using the conventional Nose-Ear-Xiphoid (NEX) method, and radiographic verification within 24 h were included. Radiographically verified FT position and anthropometric data were used to develop new linear and multivariate quadratic models to optimize placement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 198 infants were included (median gestational age [GA] of 35 + 0 weeks [interquartile range, IQR:28 + 6-38 + 1]), 301 radiographic images showed, 144 FTs located at lumbar vertebra 1 (L1), 139 within one vertebra of L1, and 18 outside the stomach. Radiologists recommended adjustment in 107 images. Linear models (weight- or length-dependent) showed strong predictive power (R² > 0.84), while the multivariate quadratic model reduced bias and achieved R² = 0.88, confirmed by cross-validation. Prediction accuracy within the predefined target range (L1 ± 1.5 cm) was 77% n, compared with 64% of clinically acceptable NEX placed tubes (p < 0.001). The optimal algorithm was: FT depth = -3.46 + 0.00229 × weight (g) - 9.48 × 10^-8 × weight (g)² + 0.5992 × length (cm) -0.005918 × length(cm)² + 0.07808 × correted GA(w).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The quadratic prediction model showed good internal performance and reduced bias at anthropometric extremes, offering a standardized approach to optimize FT placement and enhance safety in neonatal care. Prospective external validation is required before clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between gut microbiota-friendly diet and the prevalence and severity of asthma in children.","authors":"Li-Juan Tan, Xifeng Tang, Yijun Shan, Yuqian Ren, Ting Sun, Yiping Zhou, Jialei Fu, Yucai Zhang, Yun Cui","doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpn3.70605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Dietary factors may impact asthma indirectly by modulating the composition and activity of the gut microbiota. This study aimed to explore the potential relationship between gut microbiota-friendly diet and both the prevalence and severity of asthma in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected a total of 2256 children from the 2021-2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The gut microbiota-friendly diet was assessed using the Diet-Gut Microbiome Index (DI-GM), which incorporates 14 specific food constituents. To calculate the DI-GM, two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls data were used, from which the relevant food constituents were derived. A higher DI-GM score indicates greater alignment with a gut microbiota-friendly diet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 2256 U.S. children, the weighted prevalence of asthma is 13.36%. In fully adjusted models, DI-GM was not significantly associated with asthma prevalence overall or within any subgroups. However, higher DI-GM (T2) was significantly associated with a lower risk of the mild asthma phenotype in the 5-16 age group. In contrast, no significant associations were observed between DI-GM and asthma severity in the other age groups. Subgroup analysis showed a higher DI-GM score was significantly correlated with a lower risk for asthma in subgroups stratified by obesity status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher DI-GM scores were significantly inversely associated with asthma severity risk in children aged 5-16 years and in obese individuals. These cross-sectional findings support the need for longitudinal studies to determine whether dietary modulation may affect asthma severity via microbiota-dependent mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic conditions associated with paediatric onset inflammatory bowel diseases: A population-based study.","authors":"Nicolas Richard, Ariane Leroyer, Hélène Sarter, Claire Dupont, Dominique Turck, Valérie Bertrand, Pauline Wils, Corinne Gower-Rousseau, Guillaume Savoye, Nathalie Guillon, Delphine Ley, Mathurin Fumery","doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpn3.70609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Several conditions are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs), and psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to describe at population-level the comorbidities and their relative burden in paediatric-onset IBD (pIBD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) before age 17 between 1988 and 2011 and recorded in the EPIMAD population-based registry were retrospectively followed until 2013. Comorbidities included chronic diseases, obesity (defined as a body mass index [BMI] z-score >1.645), and underweight (defined as a BMI z-score <-2), conditions requiring hospitalisation, serious infections, pneumopathy, meningitis, pyelonephritis, IMID, and EIM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1344 patients were included (1007 CD, 337 UC), with a median age at diagnosis of 14.3 years (interquartile range 11.7-16.0). Over a median follow-up of 8.3 years (4.3-13.9), 15.8% developed at least one EIM, 9.3% at least one IMID, 12.7% developed dermatological conditions, and 5.1% serious infections; 18.4% were classified as underweight and 8.5% as obese. Younger age at diagnosis (<14 years) and more extensive disease were associated with an increased risk of EIM and underweight, while CD was independently associated with underweight (hazard ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-5.0). Patients with dermatological conditions or IMID were more frequently treated with biologic therapies. The incidence of obesity, IMID and dermatological conditions increased across the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this population-based pIBD cohort, the most common conditions were underweight, IMID, dermatological diseases, EIM and obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early serum n-6 and n-3 fatty acid profile and preschool-age neurodevelopment.","authors":"Sara Berggren, Josefine Roswall, Maria Blomqvist, Ola Andersson","doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpn3.70611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Evidence suggests that adequate supplies of omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs) are beneficial for brain development, but serum data are scarce. We explored correlations between early serum proportions of n-6 and n-3 FAs and neurodevelopment at 4 years of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum proportions for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), total n-3 and the n-6/n-3 ratio were analysed from umbilical-cord, at 4 and 12 months for 119 children born vaginally at full-term at the Halland Hospital Halmstad, Sweden, in 2008-2009. Neurodevelopmental testing at 4 years of age included the complete Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III) and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3). Pearson correlation analysis was conducted for WPPSI-III and Spearman's rho for ASQ-3 followed by forward-selection regression models for significant correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher proportions of DHA, n-3 FAs and low n-6/n-3 ratio at birth correlated with higher gross motor scores at age 4 (Spearman's rho, 0.278, 0.292 and -0.261, p < 0.05). Low n-6/n-3 ratio at 12 months correlated with higher full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) and higher verbal IQ (-0.279 and -0.269, p < 0.05), at age 4.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this exploratory study, elevated serum n-3 FAs and low n-6/n-3 ratio during the brain growth spurt show statistical correlations with higher neurodevelopmental scores with respect to motor control, verbal abilities, and overall cognition at 4 years of age, with small-to moderate effect sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}