Journal of personality and social psychology最新文献_第8页

IQ, genes, and miscalibrated expectations. 智商、基因和错误的预期。

IF 6.4 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000567

Chris Dawson

{"title":"IQ, genes, and miscalibrated expectations.","authors":"Chris Dawson","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000567","url":null,"abstract":"Almost all formal models of decision making under uncertainty require agents to judge the likelihood of relevant uncertainties. Typically, decisions are best made when these judgments are accurate. In the context of probabilistic subjective survival expectations, from a nationally representative English sample of participants aged over 50 (N = 3,946), we test whether IQ is associated with calibration. We find strong evidence that high-IQ respondents make substantially lower forecast errors and produce less noise in their predictions than low-IQ respondents. These results are confirmed when we leverage the randomness in genetic variants linked to IQ as an instrumental variable (Mendelian randomization) and when directly using participants' genetic variants related to educational attainment-that captures IQ as well as other cognitive and noncognitive traits relevant to educational success. These results highlight important channels through which IQ contributes to beliefs about the world and may explain why low IQ is often linked to poor financial decision making, lower economic growth and economic welfare, and judgmental biases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multimodal person evaluation: First impressions from faces, voices, and names. 多模态评价：从面孔、声音和名字中获得第一印象。

IF 6.4 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000454

Mila Mileva

{"title":"Multimodal person evaluation: First impressions from faces, voices, and names.","authors":"Mila Mileva","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000454","url":null,"abstract":"We form a first impression every time we meet someone unfamiliar to us. When this happens, we often have access to information about this person's appearance, voice and the first thing we learn about them is usually their name. Despite this, much of what we know about social evaluation processes has been almost exclusively based on facial information. Here, approximately 45,000 spontaneous first impression descriptors were sampled to identify the most common judgments we make when presented with information about someone's face, voice, and name at the same time as well as when presented with information about their voice or name only. Ratings of these most common traits were then collected, and exploratory factor analysis was used to establish the underlying structure of multimodal, voice-, and name-based first impressions. Consistent with facial impression models, the two underlying dimensions of social evaluation, approachability and competence, emerged consistently regardless of the degree or type of identity information available, further adding to the existing evidence for their universal nature. Additional independent dimensions capturing confidence and pretentiousness were also found for multimodal impressions. These more social aspects of first impressions highlight further cultural learning routes to impression formation in addition to the evolutionary ones that have been the sole focus of existing work based on unimodal impressions from faces. Such findings draw attention to the need to further understand the mechanisms behind first impressions from different identity cues and, more importantly, how these cues are integrated together to form person first impressions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

People overestimate how harshly they are evaluated for disengaging from passion pursuit. 人们高估了自己脱离激情追求所受到的严苛评价。

IF 6.7 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000455

Zachariah Berry, Brian J Lucas, Jon M Jachimowicz

{"title":"People overestimate how harshly they are evaluated for disengaging from passion pursuit.","authors":"Zachariah Berry, Brian J Lucas, Jon M Jachimowicz","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000455","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000455","url":null,"abstract":"The call to pursue one's passion is ubiquitous advice, and prior research highlights the many upsides to doing so. To pursue one's passion sustainably, people need to try different pursuits-and, critically, drop those that are not tenable for them. However, disengaging from a passion is seemingly antithetical to the stereotypical expectations people hold of how passion should be pursued, which is commonly depicted as persevering through challenges. These expectations, we suggest, lead people to perceive disengaging from a passion as a negative event that myopically focuses their attention on the decision to disengage rather than future opportunities to (re-)engage in a new passion. As a result, when people consider giving up on a passion, we hypothesize that they overestimate how harshly their character will be judged by others and that this occurs because others-from their distant vantage point-see disengaging from a passion as an opportunity to (re-)engage in other passions more than passion pursuers expect they will. These misperceptions, we argue, are consequential because they reduce passion pursuers' willingness to speak out against challenging working conditions or pursue other opportunities. We find evidence for these predictions across seven main and three supplemental studies in the lab and field (N = 4,825), including samples of PhD students, nurses, and teachers. Our theory and results uncover a critical social impediment to the pursuit of passion: By overestimating how harshly they are judged for giving up, people may struggle to sustainably pursue their passion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for IQ, Genes, and Miscalibrated Expectations 补充材料的智商，基因，和错误校准的期望

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000567.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for What Explains Personality Change Intervention Effects? 如何解释人格改变干预的效果？

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000565.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for People Overestimate How Harshly They Are Evaluated for Disengaging From Passion Pursuit 人们高估了他们脱离激情追求的评估有多严厉

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000455.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Multimodal Person Evaluation: First Impressions From Faces, Voices, and Names 多模态人评价补充材料：来自面孔、声音和名字的第一印象

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000454.supp

引用次数: 0

Detecting social biases using mental state inference. 利用心理状态推断发现社会偏见。

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000451

Mika Asaba, Isaac Davis, Julia Leonard, Julian Jara-Ettinger

引用次数: 0

She sees the trees, he sees the forest: Descriptive gender stereotypes of concreteness and abstractness. 她看到的是树木，他看到的是森林：具象和抽象的描述性性别刻板印象。

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000453

Samantha J. Dodson, Rachael D. Goodwin, Cheryl J. Wakslak, Kristina A. Diekmann, Jesse Graham

引用次数: 0

Goal harmony. 和谐的目标。

IF 7.6 1区心理学

Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000452

Jiabi Wang, Ayelet Fishbach

引用次数: 0