Journal of personality and social psychology最新文献

{"title":"How group personality composition affects person and group outcomes: An integrative analysis using the group actor-partner interdependence model.","authors":"Eva Bleckmann, Richard Rau, Oliver Lüdtke, Sascha Krause, Jenny Wagner","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000588","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspp0000588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A substantial part of people's social lives unfolds within groups. However, there is a notable research gap concerning if and how the personality characteristics that people bring to group interactions combine to predict person and group outcomes. In this study, we used the group actor-partner interdependence model (Kenny & Garcia, 2012) as a framework to integrate prior approaches and understand how the composition of two socially relevant personality traits-agency and communion-affects people and groups. We analyzed data from 432 participants (<i>M</i>_age = 26.61, 51% female) who formed 108 four-person groups and engaged in four different group tasks. Our findings yield three key insights: (a) At the person level, people's own trait levels were the main drivers of their behaviors, experiences, and performance. (b) At the group level, personality composition affected different outcomes than at the person level, with agency playing an overall more important role for group behaviors and experiences. (c) Notable composition effects at both levels emerged for conflict behavior: People who were similar to their group in terms of agency were more engaged in conflicts, and groups whose members had similar agency levels were more likely to experience conflicts as a whole. We contextualize our findings within a theoretical framework to better understand when and how personality composition in social interactions is important, and we review methodologies to capture its multifaceted components. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1208-1228"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145933209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the relationship between indirect measures of Black versus White racial attitudes and discriminatory outcomes: An adversarial collaboration using a sample of White Americans.","authors":"Jordan R Axt, Paul Connor, Suzanne Hoogeveen, Cory J Clark, Michelangelo Vianello, Joanna N Lahey, Adam Hahn, Jeffrey To, Richard E Petty, Thomas H Costello, Gregory Mitchell, Philip E Tetlock, Eric Luis Uhlmann","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000480","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The idea that racial prejudice contributes to discrimination not only deliberately but also in a more automatic fashion has been one of the most prominent topics in social psychological research in the past 30 years. Much of the evidence for theories of automatic prejudice stems from the use of indirect measures of implicit attitudes, yet meta-analyses give differing estimates regarding the predictive validity of such measures. The present adversarial collaboration provides a test of the relationships between prominent measures of implicit racial attitudes and discriminatory behavior using a set of established lab-based paradigms among a sample of White Americans (<i>N</i> = 2,114). Using structural equation models that can account for measurement error, frequentist and Bayesian multiverse analyses confirmed that White Americans' performance on indirect measures correlate modestly with these behavioral outcomes, and explain unique variance (∼2.5%) beyond direct, self-report measures of racial attitudes. At the same time, self-report measures exhibited greater predictive and incremental validity than indirect measures (explaining ∼45% of the variance) despite behavioral measures of discrimination displaying weak internal reliability. Results provided some support for greater predictive and incremental validity for indirect measures among participants scoring relatively low on measures of executive function and motivation to control prejudice. These results lend themselves to both relatively optimistic and pessimistic interpretations concerning scientific and practical significance. All collaborators agree that the best path forward is collaborative and focused on the generalizability of implicit racial attitudes to high-accountability organizational settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1121-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147326500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and environmental factors underlying the associations between attachment styles and mental and physical health.","authors":"Keely A Dugan, Jacob J Kunkel, Stefania V Vacaru, R Chris Fraley, Theodore E A Waters, Matthew McGue, Robert F Krueger, Glenn I Roisman","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000518","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspi0000518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research suggests that people who have relatively secure attachment styles tend to experience better mental and physical health across the lifespan (Pietromonaco & Beck, 2019; X. Zhang et al., 2022). Despite the growing body of research linking attachment styles to health outcomes, relatively little is known about why or how these associations arise. The present study analyzed data from 1,377 older adult twins, who completed measures of their general and relationship-specific attachment styles and five health assessments-depressive symptoms, self-reported mental and physical health, physical illnesses, and waist circumference. Leveraging the study's twin design, we estimated the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the associations between attachment styles and health. Our findings suggest that the genetic factors underlying depression are largely overlapping with the genetic factors underlying attachment anxiety (e.g., genetic correlation, <i>r_a</i>, = .70 between general attachment anxiety and depression) and show a moderate degree of overlap with the genetic factors underlying attachment avoidance (average <i>r_a</i> = .34). In general, genetic and environmental factors each accounted for approximately half of the total phenotypic associations between attachment styles and mental health outcomes. Furthermore, we found moderate genetic correlations between attachment anxiety and physical health outcomes (average |<i>r_a</i>| = .30), but little-to-no overlap among the environmental factors that contribute to attachment anxiety and physical health. Thus, the associations between attachment anxiety and physical health outcomes appear to be primarily attributable to a common or shared genetic liability. Attachment avoidance shared weak or near-zero associations with indicators of physical health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13166086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147868797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downward spiral: Police-threat associations and perceptions of aggression during arrests are mutually reinforcing.","authors":"Vincenzo J Olivett, Madeleine Stults, David S March","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000461","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the United States, encounters among police officers and civilians are laden with the potential for dangerous outcomes. At the same time, the ubiquity of digital and social media has made observing violent police-civilian encounters easier than ever. Perhaps consequently, recent evidence suggests that Americans automatically associate the police with and behaviorally respond to officers as a source of physical threat. However, little is known about the interplay between observations of violent police encounters and automatic police-threat associations. Four studies (<i>N</i> = 857) reveal a mutually reinforcing dynamic in which (a) automatic police-threat associations shape perceptions of aggression during arrests, (b) perceptions of aggression during arrests influence automatic police-threat associations, and (c) changes in automatic police-threat associations influence downstream perceptions of aggression. That is, people perceive aggression during arrest encounters through the lens of their existing police-threat associations, and these perceptions in turn reinforce those associations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"835-846"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political plausible deniability: Political difference can divert attributions of socially unacceptable bias.","authors":"Brittany C Solomon, Hannah B Waldfogel, Matthew E K Hall","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000470","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspa0000470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While many social biases are considered taboo, bias against political outgroups is increasingly explicit, ubiquitous, and tolerated. We contend that expressing political bias can reduce third-party perceptions of socially unacceptable biases-a phenomenon we call <i>political plausible deniability</i>. By diverting attributions away from biases based on race, gender, or sexual orientation, individuals can express bias yet ostensibly align with social norms. Pretests indicate people intuitively understand the concept of a socially <i>acceptable</i> bias, with political bias rated most acceptable among 15 biases. Across 13 preregistered survey experiments, we find that third parties are less likely to perceive racism, sexism, and (sometimes) heterosexism when an actor expresses an antiliberal statement toward a Black, female, or gay target. These effects emerge across open-ended (Studies 1a-c) and Likert-type (Studies 2a-c, 3a-c, 4a-c) responses, which we replicate in a conjoint experiment (Study 5). Participants' political leanings did not moderate effects. Finally, in 12 exploratory studies, we further illuminate political plausible deniability, for example, by examining anticonservative biases, comparing political with other (nonpolitical) biases, and exploring the role of intersecting target identities. Our research exposes an inconspicuous way that political bias may shape social perception, with implications for understanding how prejudice operates in everyday life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"917-933"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural differences in the Personality Triad: The interplay of personality traits, situation characteristics, and behavioral states around the world.","authors":"Niclas Kuper, Gwendolyn Gardiner, Erica Baranski, David C Funder, John F Rauthmann","doi":"10.1037/pspp0000581","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspp0000581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the interplay of persons, situations, and behavior (the Personality Triad) is a key task of psychology. However, previous research has largely focused on Western samples. We examined the Personality Triad across cultures with <i>N</i> = 15,221 participants from 61 countries and one geographic region. Participants reported on one situation from their daily lives. We examined (a) situation characteristic-behavioral state, (b) trait-behavioral state, and (c) trait-situation characteristic associations, as well as (d) Trait × Situation Characteristic interactions predicting behavioral states. We focused on six traits (Big Five, Honesty-Humility), seven situation characteristics (Duty, Intellect, Adversity, Mating, pOsitivity, Negativity, Sociality), and three self-reported behavioral states (Agency, Enthusiasm, Self-Negativity). Importantly, we included 15 country-level variables (collectivism, self-construal, cultural value orientations, tightness, independent and interdependent happiness, national socioeconomic status) as moderators that might contribute to country differences in the Personality Triad. Bayesian multilevel models showed sizable and expected situation characteristic-behavioral state and trait-behavioral state associations with a high degree of generalization across countries, some cultural differences, and moderator effects contradicting theoretical expectations. For instance, we found weaker situation characteristic effects in collectivistic cultures and stronger trait effects in embedded cultures. Trait-situation characteristic associations were meaningful but smaller, and Trait × Situation Characteristic interactions were small and less often significant (although we observed some expected interactions). We found little evidence for country differences in the latter two relations. We discuss implications and future directions for cross-cultural work on the Personality Triad, including replications and extensions using intensive longitudinal designs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1002-1046"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confront in public, validate in private: Effective male allyship responses to sexist remarks.","authors":"Hsuan-Che Brad Huang, Jonathan B Evans","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000515","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pspi0000515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowing how to respond to sexist comments and counteract their harmful consequences remains a challenging task for male allies. In this mixed-methods research, our preregistered qualitative study of 82 male leaders from the United States (Study 1) reveals that most intend to confront perpetrators of sexist remarks, with a preference for doing so privately rather than publicly; relatively few intend to validate the experiences of harmed targets. We contend that allies need to consider actions beyond confrontation-a response commonly recommended by scholars and in practice-as well as appropriate social contexts for these allyship behaviors to ensure the inclusion of women who are directly harmed by such remarks. We hypothesize that targets' sense of belonging and voice intentions are optimally supported when allies not only (a) <i>confront transgressors' sexist remarks in public (vs. private</i>) but also (b) <i>validate targets' harmed experiences in private (vs. public).</i> Three preregistered and one complementary experimental studies (Studies 2-4; N = 1,216 U.S. women) from the perspective of women support our theory. Our findings suggest that confrontation should be enacted in public because it directly reinforces gender civility norms, whereas validation is better provided in private to demonstrate concern for dignity. In our final study (Study 5; <i>N</i> = 253 U.S. men), we provide critical insights into how public confrontation-targets' preferred response-might adversely influence the attitudes and behaviors of confronted perpetrators (e.g., bias regulation). By incorporating multiparty perspectives, our research provides actionable recommendations for potential allies, especially men in leadership roles. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":" ","pages":"934-956"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147290292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What stands out to you about me? Implications of self-observation during online intergroup interaction for metaperceived race salience.","authors":"Jacquie D Vorauer,Corey Petsnik,Jasmine Chen","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000522","url":null,"abstract":"Whether a group membership is salient in one's mind is a key determinant of its impact. Accordingly, group membership salience figures prominently in theories of intergroup cognition, affect, and behavior. Based on individuals' ready attention to how they are perceived and might be rejected by others, we reasoned that metaperceived group membership salience-perceptions of a group membership being salient to others-might constitute a critical form of group membership salience that can be distinguished from personal salience and have unique consequences. Further, the threshold for metaperceived salience of visible distinctive group memberships might be sufficiently low during intergroup interaction that it is increased not only by reference to the group but also by seeing oneself. Specifically, we examined visual access to the self, as provided by online communication platforms, as a novel potential trigger for salience, focusing on metaperceived salience of race-relevant characteristics in particular. A combined sample of 392 White/POC dyads (784 individuals) had an exchange in which individuals' self-view was manipulated while their interaction partner's ability to see them was held constant. Self-observation led persons of color to feel that their race and nationality were more salient to their interaction partner than in their own mind, and this discrepancy constituted a path to less powerful interaction behavior by these individuals. No such pattern was evident for other self-aspects or White individuals. Additional research is needed to clarify the robustness and generalizability of these findings, which suggest that a way self-observation during online interaction might uniquely disadvantage persons of color. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147695383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The environment impressions model.","authors":"Travis Lim, Eric Hehman","doi":"10.1037/pspa0000485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversations about boring topics are more interesting than we think.","authors":"Elizabeth N. Trinh, Nicole Thio, Nadav Klein","doi":"10.1037/pspi0000521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000521","url":null,"abstract":"Conversations enhance social connection and well-being, but the kinds of conversations that come to mind when thinking of these benefits are ones about interesting topics. Everyday life, however, does not spare people from conversations about boring topics. We examine the extent to which people's expectations of conversations about boring topics are calibrated with their actual experiences. Nine preregistered experiments (five in the main text, four in the Supplemental Material; total N = 1,800) reveal that participants consistently underestimated how enjoyable and interesting conversations about boring topics were. Expectations were relatively more calibrated for conversations about interesting topics. This pattern held across virtual and in-person settings, conversations with friends and strangers, and self-generated and experimenter-assigned topics. This occurs partly due to the relative ease of assessing the static elements of conversations and the difficulty of assessing their dynamic elements. The topic is a static element that is easy to assess prior to a conversation, and so people overweight it in their forecasts. The level of engagement conversations command-the need to respond, listen, and pay attention to another person-makes them enjoyable, but is harder to assess because it dynamically emerges only once a conversation begins. Expectations about enjoyment guide decisions to enter conversations, suggesting that miscalibration between predicted and actual enjoyment can lead people to avoid conversations they would, in fact, enjoy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":16691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}