Tae Heon Lee, Dongho Lee, Minsu Seo, Bum Sun Kwon, Jin-Woo Park, Ho Jun Lee, Joong Hyun Park, Michael Y Lee, Kiyeun Nam
{"title":"Comparison of the effects of intensities and sessions of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on nerve regeneration in rats with experimentally induced sciatic nerve injury.","authors":"Tae Heon Lee, Dongho Lee, Minsu Seo, Bum Sun Kwon, Jin-Woo Park, Ho Jun Lee, Joong Hyun Park, Michael Y Lee, Kiyeun Nam","doi":"10.1093/jnen/nlaf146","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnen/nlaf146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has emerged as a promising treatment for neurological disorders but optimal protocols regarding energy density and session frequency remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different ESWT energy levels and treatment sessions on peripheral nerve regeneration in rats with sciatic nerve injury. Fifty rats were randomized into five groups: four experimental groups received ESWT at low energy (0.098 mJ/mm2) or high energy (0.229 mJ/mm2), either once or three times, and one control group received no treatment. Assessments included protein expression analysis, histological examination, and functional recovery measured by sciatic functional index and compound muscle action potentials over 9 weeks. All ESWT-treated groups showed increased levels of regeneration-associated proteins and improved nerve structure compared to controls. The high-energy groups demonstrated more significant enhancements than low-energy groups, with the high-energy three-session group showing the greatest improvements in axonal growth, myelin thickness, and functional outcomes. These findings indicate that ESWT promotes peripheral nerve regeneration in a dose-dependent manner, with repeated high-energy sessions yielding superior recovery. Further research is necessary to optimize ESWT protocols for clinical applications and understand long-term effects on nerve repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":16682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"831-841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147645636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claire Voyles, Andrew M Bellizzi, Osorio Lopes Abath Neto
{"title":"Survival analysis of brain-invasive otherwise benign meningiomas in a single-institution cohort.","authors":"Claire Voyles, Andrew M Bellizzi, Osorio Lopes Abath Neto","doi":"10.1093/jnen/nlaf157","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnen/nlaf157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"922-924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Atorvastatin and ischemic stroke: Mechanisms and therapeutic applications.","authors":"Peyman Esmaili-Shahzade-Ali-Akbari, Abolfazl Azami Tameh, Houman Parsaei, Shirin Barati, Zeinab Vahidinia","doi":"10.1093/jnen/nlag009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnen/nlag009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, affecting approximately 13.7 million people worldwide and causing 5.5 million deaths annually. Effective treatment options for ischemic stroke are still limited and existing clinical interventions have limitations such as the time window for treatment. Therefore, research is needed to find complementary therapies that can reduce the complications of stroke or prevent its occurrence. Atorvastatin is an oral medication used to lower lipid levels via competitive inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, which results in decreased cholesterol production. Much evidence demonstrates the effectiveness of atorvastatin in stroke but few studies have specifically examined its neuroprotective effects and the underlying mechanisms. This review focuses on the neuroprotective actions of atorvastatin in preclinical and clinical studies and provides an updated discussion on molecular mechanisms contributing to these possible effects in ischemic stroke. We hope that this review will help readers gain a better understanding of the roles of atorvastatin in cerebral ischemic stroke and provide more comprehensive insights for basic research and novel strategies for the treatment of patients with stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":16682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"815-830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147941772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allison M Neltner, Ryan K Shahidehpour, Megan E Hall, Xiaotong Ning, Shuling Fister, Hannah Kang, Sonya Anderson, Gregory A Jicha, Tiffany L Lee, Erin L Abner, David W Fardo, Peter T Nelson
{"title":"Locus coeruleus TDP-43 pathology in a community-based cohort: Clinical and pathological correlates.","authors":"Allison M Neltner, Ryan K Shahidehpour, Megan E Hall, Xiaotong Ning, Shuling Fister, Hannah Kang, Sonya Anderson, Gregory A Jicha, Tiffany L Lee, Erin L Abner, David W Fardo, Peter T Nelson","doi":"10.1093/jnen/nlag035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnen/nlag035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The locus coeruleus (LC) is the source of norepinephrinergic innervation in the human brain. Locus coeruleus pathology has been linked to clinical conditions such as cognitive impairment and behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) pathology in the LC has been understudied, particularly in the contexts of aging and limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC). Here, a convenience sample (n = 134) of autopsied participants from the University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center community-based cohort was analyzed for LC pTDP-43 and phosphorylated tau (pTau) pathologies. Locus coeruleus pTDP-43 pathology was found in 28/134 (20.9%) brains and was generally sparse when present. Locus coeruleus pTDP-43 lesions typically appeared as round granular structures that measured ∼3-12 µm in diameter. Locus coeruleus pTDP-43 pathology was increased with aging and was imperfectly correlated with LATE-NC staging; it showed no correlation with cortical pTau pathology in ADNC or PART. In terms of clinical-pathological correlations, LC pTDP-43 pathology was associated with depressive symptoms but not with global cognition or with other BPSDs. Locus coeruleus pTau pathology was positively correlated with cortical pTau pathologic severity and with LATE-NC stages. In conclusion, LC pTDP-43 pathology is a common feature of brain aging, associated with LATE-NC.</p>","PeriodicalId":16682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"842-856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13440673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fumiaki Mori, Tomoya Kon, Riho Itazawa, Ami Akatsu, Yasuo Miki, Akira Arai, Hidekachi Kurotaki, Masahiko Tomiyama, Koichi Wakabayashi
{"title":"Relationship between promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies and TAR DNA-binding protein-43 aggregation in spinal anterior horn cells in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","authors":"Fumiaki Mori, Tomoya Kon, Riho Itazawa, Ami Akatsu, Yasuo Miki, Akira Arai, Hidekachi Kurotaki, Masahiko Tomiyama, Koichi Wakabayashi","doi":"10.1093/jnen/nlag029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnen/nlag029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) and stress granules serve as deposition sites for stress-induced, aggregation-prone proteins. We previously reported that TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) colocalizes with stress granules during early aggregation in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and recent studies have noted PML-NB loss in familial ALS. To explore the role of PML-NBs in TDP-43 inclusion maturation, we analyzed spinal cord specimens from 12 patients with sporadic ALS and 5 controls using immunostaining for PML and TDP-43. PML-NB counts in anterior horn cells (AHCs) were significantly lower in patients with ALS than in controls (P < 0.05), especially in AHCs with TDP-43 inclusions (P < 0.01). Average numbers of PML-NB decreased progressively with inclusion type (3.1 in diffuse punctate cytoplasmic staining, 2.3 in round inclusions, and 0.8 in skein-like inclusions); all of these were significantly lower than those in inclusion-free AHCs (controls: 4.6; ALS: 5.5; P < 0.01). AHCs in ALS without inclusions showed higher PML-NB counts than in controls (P < 0.05), suggesting an early protective response. In contrast, reduced PML-NBs in mature inclusions may reflect diminished cellular defense. These findings implicate PML-NBs in the pathogenesis of sporadic ALS.</p>","PeriodicalId":16682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"903-912"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13440670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grant L Iverson, Pouya Jamshidi, Amy Deep-Soboslay, Thomas M Hyde, Joel E Kleinman, Claire E Shepherd, Lili-Naz Hazrati, Rudolph J Castellani
{"title":"Cortical subpial aging-related tau astrogliopathy in older adult men who participated in youth amateur American-style football.","authors":"Grant L Iverson, Pouya Jamshidi, Amy Deep-Soboslay, Thomas M Hyde, Joel E Kleinman, Claire E Shepherd, Lili-Naz Hazrati, Rudolph J Castellani","doi":"10.1093/jnen/nlag032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnen/nlag032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astrocytes play essential roles in various functions including ionic homeostasis, energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and regulation of the blood-brain barrier. Researchers have reported that hyperphosphorylated tau in astrocytes can be identified in postmortem, particularly in individuals over the age of 60 years. Astrocytic p-tau has also been reported in association with chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathologic change (CTE-NC). This study investigates possible association between subpial aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) and a history of playing high school American-style football. Postmortem brain tissue samples were obtained from 176 men (median age at death = 65 years; range = 50-96) from the Lieber Institute for Brain Development. There were 128 with no known history of participating in contact or collision sports and 48 (27.3%) who participated in football. Subpial ARTAG was identified in 23 cases (13.1%). Those who participated in football had a higher percentage with subpial ARTAG than those who did not participate in football (20.8% vs 10.2%), although this difference was not statistically significant (P =.061). The 2 groups did not differ in the percentages who had subpial ARTAG in a sulcal depth (10.4% of former football players and 7.8% of controls). More research is needed to understand possible associations between subpial ARTAG, aging, and CTE-NC.</p>","PeriodicalId":16682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"868-880"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13440669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147973260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intratumoral heterogeneity of MYC status and methylation subtyping in group 3 medulloblastoma: A case report.","authors":"Kohei Fukuoka, Tomoya Irikura, Yonehiro Kanemura, Junko Hirato, Takako Yoshioka, Yutaka Tanami, Jun Kurihara, Masao Kobayashi, Soichi Oya, Yuki Arakawa, Atsuko Nakazawa, Katsuyoshi Koh","doi":"10.1093/jnen/nlaf153","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnen/nlaf153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"918-921"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145819794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kseniia Sitdikova, Andrey Tsoy, Kirill D Chaprov, Johannes de Munter, Evgeniy Svirin, Hamlet Torosyan, Konstantin Yenkoyan, Sholpan Askarova, Harry W Steinbusch, Daniel C Anthony, Tatyana Strekalova
{"title":"Large amyloid plaques associate with early behavioral alterations in 6-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 mice.","authors":"Kseniia Sitdikova, Andrey Tsoy, Kirill D Chaprov, Johannes de Munter, Evgeniy Svirin, Hamlet Torosyan, Konstantin Yenkoyan, Sholpan Askarova, Harry W Steinbusch, Daniel C Anthony, Tatyana Strekalova","doi":"10.1093/jnen/nlag078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlag078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the earliest pathological changes in Alzheimer disease (AD) is critical for improving early intervention strategies. However, the relationship between amyloid plaque characteristics and early behavioral and molecular alterations remains unclear. We used 6-month-old female APPswe/PS1dE9 mice, a model of early amyloid-dominant pathology, to assess cognition and emotionality across a battery of behavioral tests. Amyloid plaques were quantified using Congo red staining; RT-qPCR and GFAP immunoreactivity were used to assess molecular and glial changes. APPswe/PS1dE9 mice exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior without significant changes in overall locomotor activity. Small plaques (<100 μm2) predominated across all regions; however, behavioral measures of hyperactivity and anxiety correlated specifically with the density and size of large (>200 μm2) plaques. Gene expression changes, including altered SYP, IGF1, TNF, and IL6 expression, were observed primarily in the midbrain and did not correlate with amyloid plaque characteristics. These findings demonstrate that large amyloid plaques, rather than total plaque burden, are selectively associated with early behavioral alterations in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Moreover, the midbrain emerges as an early site of molecular dysregulation despite limited plaque deposition. Together, these results support the use of 6-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 mice as a model of early, amyloid-dominant stages of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148620541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical, genetic, and neuropathologic correlates of limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC): A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jacob Thompson, Paula K Johnson","doi":"10.1093/jnen/nlag079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlag079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) has emerged as a major contributor to cognitive decline in older adults; however, the constellation of factors associated with its presence remains poorly defined. To date, no analysis has comprehensively evaluated correlates of LATE-NC. This analysis was conducted to quantify associations between LATE-NC and an array of potential links, including neurocognitive disorders, neurodegenerative neuropathologic change (NC), cerebrovascular NC, demographic factors, clinical comorbidities, and genetic factors. A comprehensive literature search through December 2025 identified 40 eligible studies. Meta-analyses demonstrated significant associations between LATE-NC and neurocognitive disorders including all-cause dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and mild cognitive impairment. Significant neurodegenerative NC associations included ADNC, higher amyloid-β and tau burden, hippocampal sclerosis, and aging-related tau astrogliopathy. Significant cerebrovascular NC associations included cerebral amyloid angiopathy and arteriosclerosis. Increasing age at death was the only significant demographic correlate. Most clinical comorbidities were not significantly associated. Significant genetic associations included APOE ε4 and GRN. This first-of-its-kind meta-analysis outlines a distinct pattern of correlates associated with LATE-NC, emphasizing its strong linkage to AD-related and multimorbid neuropathologic processes, and underscoring the need for refined diagnostic frameworks and future mechanistic studies to differentiate LATE-NC from coexisting neuropathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Furia, Alex Incensi, Cecilia Delprete, Roberta Pantieri, Giovanni Rizzo, Sabina Capellari, Michelangelo Stanzani-Maserati, Giuseppe Plazzi, Elena Antelmi, Fabio Pizza, Veria Vacchiano, Maria Pia Giannoccaro, Rocco Liguori, Wen-Quan Zou, Vincenzo Donadio
{"title":"Skin biopsy for detection of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein by indirect immunofluorescence: Diagnostic accuracy in a cohort of patients with cognitive impairment.","authors":"Alessandro Furia, Alex Incensi, Cecilia Delprete, Roberta Pantieri, Giovanni Rizzo, Sabina Capellari, Michelangelo Stanzani-Maserati, Giuseppe Plazzi, Elena Antelmi, Fabio Pizza, Veria Vacchiano, Maria Pia Giannoccaro, Rocco Liguori, Wen-Quan Zou, Vincenzo Donadio","doi":"10.1093/jnen/nlag077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlag077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Techniques for detection of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are rapidly increasing. Among these are indirect immunofluorescence (IF) for identification of phosphorylated α-synuclein (p-syn) in skin tissue and real time-quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC). Patients referred to our Clinic for major or minor cognitive impairment were prospectively recruited for this study. Final diagnoses were established by experienced clinicians based on neurological and neuropsychological examinations and held as the major diagnostic reference standard. Skin biopsy for detection of p-syn by IF was performed in all patients at distal leg and cervical sites. RT-QuIC on skin tissue and/or CSF were also performed in a subgroup of patients. Diagnostic accuracy of skin IF and correlations of quantitative p-syn measures with clinical measures were assessed. Fifty patients had the diagnosis of DLB and 74 fulfilled different diagnoses. Skin biopsy detected p-syn in 46 syn patients; results were negative in all non-syn cases. RT-QuIC results were positive in all syn cases and in 3 non-syn cases. These results suggest significant specificity of skin biopsy for detection in p-syn in patients with DLB. However, current quantitative p-syn measures did not correlate with disease parameters in DLB, indicating the need for the development of more specific indexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}