Journal of neuroimmunology最新文献

{"title":"Influenza triggered myositis in an elderly patient: An atypical presentation of influenza infection","authors":"Nayaab Saeed ,&nbsp;Pushpendra Nath Renjen ,&nbsp;Mohd Amaan Mahmood ,&nbsp;Avinash Goswami ,&nbsp;Dinesh Mohan Chaudhari","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myositis is characterized by skeletal muscle inflammation and weakness, often accompanied by swelling and muscle pain or tenderness. The etiology could root from autoimmune causes, infective triggers or secondary to systemic diseases. Viral infections are the most widely known cause of infective myositis, among which influenza infection has claimed majority of cases. Here we highlight a case of an unusual but clinically important case of influenza-associated-myositis presenting as an atypical sudden-onset weakness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 578765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of hypoglycorrhachia as a cerebrospinal fluid to serum glucose ratio in adults with encephalitis","authors":"Sienna Wu ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Hasbun ,&nbsp;Denisse Ramirez ,&nbsp;Megan Goyal ,&nbsp;Arun Venkatesan ,&nbsp;John C. Probasco ,&nbsp;Ralph Habis ,&nbsp;Rajesh K. Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to determine the clinical and prognostic significance of hypoglycorrhachia in adults with encephalitis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an IRB-approved, retrospective chart review of adult patients diagnosed with encephalitis from Greater Houston and Baltimore regions from 2005 to 2022 based on the 2013 International Encephalitis Consortium criteria. Data was collected on demographics, presenting symptoms, diagnostic findings, and clinical outcomes. Hypoglycorrhachia was defined as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to serum glucose ratio ≤ 0.6. Patients were dichotomized based on presence or absence of hypoglycorrhachia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 556 patients (47.5 % infectious, 15.6 % seropositive autoimmune, 36.9 % unknown etiology), 69.8 % had hypoglycorrhachia (<em>n</em> = 388). Patients with hypoglycorrhachia were more often immunocompromised and presented with fever, headache, nausea, and neck stiffness (<em>p</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.05</em>), while patients without hypoglycorrhachia more frequently presented with seizures, memory deficits, and psychiatric symptoms (<em>p</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.05</em>). Hypoglycorrhachia was associated with CSF pleocytosis (CSF white blood cell level ≥ 5 cells/μL), a higher CSF protein level (<em>p</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.05</em>), and infectious etiology. Absence of hypoglycorrhachia was associated with seropositive autoimmune etiology, greater use of immunotherapies, higher intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates, and longer hospitalization (<em>p</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.05</em>). Prevalence rates and etiology distribution of patients with hypoglycorrhachia were comparable to those in a subset of patients with concomitant CSF/serum glucose collection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Hypoglycorrhachia is strongly associated with bacterial and fungal etiologies and their clinical features, while absence of hypoglycorrhachia is linked to higher ICU admission rates and prolonged hospitalization, likely due to autoimmune encephalitis. The CSF/serum glucose ratio captures greater variability in serum glucose levels yet reliably rules out absolute hypoglycorrhachia when &gt;0.6, regardless of concomitant collection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 578769"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-NMDAR encephalitis across the lifespan: Clinical, electrophysiological, and prognostic insights from a Latin American cohort","authors":"Mariano Marrodan ,&nbsp;Carolina I. Perez Arana ,&nbsp;Ricardo J. Kirchner ,&nbsp;Francisco J. Varela ,&nbsp;Gabriela I. Orzuza ,&nbsp;Angeles Schteinschnaider ,&nbsp;Miriam G. Chaderevian ,&nbsp;Cristina Vita ,&nbsp;Mauricio F. Farez ,&nbsp;Jorge Correale","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Anti-N-Methyl-<span>d</span>-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) is the most prevalent autoimmune encephalitis, primarily affecting young females. Its clinical heterogeneity, particularly in underrepresented populations, poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Epidemiological data from Latin America remain limited. This study aimed to characterise the demographic, clinical, and neuroimaging features of NMDARE in Latin American tertiary centres, with a focus on age-related differences.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study included NMDARE cases between January 2016 and December 2024. Inclusion criteria required anti-NMDAR antibody positivity in CSF and/or serum. Demographic, clinical, and paraclinical data were systematically collected. Comparisons between paediatric (&lt;18 years) and adult (≥18 years) patients were conducted using appropriate statistical tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1026 screened patients, 58 tested positive for anti-NMDAR antibodies, and 49 met inclusion criteria. Female predominance was higher among adults (61.5 % vs. 30.4 %; <em>p</em> = 0.03). Adults more frequently presented with confusion (57.7 % vs. 13 %; <em>p</em> = 0.003), mood disturbances (61.5 % vs. 26.1 %; p = 0.03), cognitive impairment (76.9 % vs. 36.1 %; <em>p</em> = 0.001), and dysautonomia (19.2 % vs. 0 %; <em>p</em> = 0.04). Speech disturbances (56.5 % vs. 34.6 %; <em>p</em> = 0.02), movement disorders (56.5 % vs 34.6 %, <em>p</em> = 0.06), and EEG abnormalities (69.6 % vs. 42.3 %; <em>p</em> = 0.01) were more frequent in paediatric patients. CSF pleocytosis was independently associated with ICU admission (OR = 11, p = 0.01). Relapse occurred in 10 % of cases.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>In this Latin American cohort, NMDARE presents distinct age-dependent clinical profiles. While existing diagnostic criteria are broadly applicable, awareness of age-specific features—particularly psychiatric symptoms in adults and EEG abnormalities in children—may improve diagnostic accuracy and guide tailored management strategies. Larger cohort studies in other populations have reported different findings, underscoring the importance of regional studies and the need for additional research to validate and generalize these results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 578766"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"d-serine prevents cognitive impairment in a mouse model of NMDAR encephalitis","authors":"Hanyu Luo,&nbsp;Ziyao Han,&nbsp;Jiaxin Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Yang,&nbsp;Yuhang Li,&nbsp;Dishu Huang,&nbsp;Ran Ding,&nbsp;Li Cheng,&nbsp;Jiannan Ma,&nbsp;Li Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Despite effective immunotherapy, many patients with anti-<em>N</em>-methyl-<span>d</span>-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis continue to have persistent cognitive deficits. This study investigated whether <span>d</span>-serine administration can ameliorate cognitive impairment in a mouse model of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mice received continuous intracerebroventricular infusions of purified IgG isolated from pooled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis or non-inflammatory controls for 14 days. During the same period, mice were given daily intraperitoneal injections of <span>d</span>-serine or saline. Cognitive function and hippocampal synaptic plasticity were evaluated using a battery of behavioral tests and long-term potentiation (LTP) recordings. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate hippocampal NMDAR clustering and activation of the CaMKII/ERK/CREB pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After 14 days, mice infused with patient-derived anti-NMDAR antibodies showed significant memory impairment and reduced hippocampal LTP. These deficits were markedly attenuated by concurrent <span>d</span>-serine treatment. Patient-derived anti-NMDAR antibodies reduced synaptic NMDAR clusters and membrane NMDAR1 expression in hippocampus, whereas <span>d</span>-serine administration produced only a modest, non-significant increase in these measures. In contrast, <span>d</span>-serine significantly restored phosphorylation of CaMKII, ERK, and CREB that was suppressed by anti-NMDAR antibodies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><span>d</span>-serine effectively ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by anti-NMDAR antibodies, likely by restoring NMDAR-mediated CaMKII/ERK/CREB signaling. These findings support <span>d</span>-serine as a potential adjunct to immunotherapy for patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 578768"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The visual outcome and efficacy of current therapies for neurosarcoidosis with anterior visual pathway involvement: A systemic review","authors":"Xia Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Bo Chen ,&nbsp;Lukasz Lagojda ,&nbsp;Eva Oustabassidis ,&nbsp;Tarunya Arun ,&nbsp;Srilakshmi Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To examine the clinical characteristics of neurosarcoidosis with anterior visual pathway involvement (NSAVP), assess the effectiveness of current treatments, and provide insights into the demographics, symptoms, and treatment outcomes to better guide clinical management of NSAVP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The databases PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Ovid were searched to identify relevant studies. Statistical analyses were performed in R.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-three studies involving 334 patients and 404 eyes were included in the meta-analysis. Our findings indicate that NSAVP predominantly affects females. Bilateral involvement was observed in 46 % of cases. Visual loss was the most common presenting symptom, affecting 94 % of patients; 78 % had no prior symptoms of systemic involvement. Three percent had isolated AVP manifestations. Fewer than 17 % had co-existing orbital or cranial nerve signs and 29 % had co-existing uveitis.</div><div>Sixty-three percent had an MRI abnormality of the AVP. The most frequently reported laboratory abnormality was an elevated white cell count in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), followed by elevated protein in CSF and elevated serum ACE level.</div><div>Following treatment, 57 % experienced visual improvement. The visual improvement rate was similar for patients receiving steroids alone (46 %) and those receiving combined steroid and immunosuppressive therapy (44 %). Combined therapy was associated with a lower the incidence of no light perception (NLP, 1 % vs. 16 %), a higher proportion with vision better than 20/200 (70 % vs. 62 %) and a lower incidence of relapse (16 % vs. 40 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>NSAVP predominantly affects females, with visual loss being the most common presenting symptom. Combination therapy of steroids and immunosuppressants was associated with better outcomes than steroids alone, including lower incidence of relapse and fewer cases of no light perception.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 578761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinico-pathological correlation in unilateral cortical encephalitis treated with tocilizumab after first-line treatment failure","authors":"Samir Alkabie ,&nbsp;Samer Ali ,&nbsp;Saeed Asiry ,&nbsp;Ana M. Franceschi ,&nbsp;Derek Chong ,&nbsp;Souhel Najjar","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To characterize clinico-pathologic findings and therapeutic response in a rare case of unilateral cortical encephalitis successfully treated with tocilizumab after first-line treatment failure, highlighting potential immune mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Case report.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A 49-year-old man developed fever, seizure, and hemicortical deficits. MRI showed right cortical T2-hyperintensity, gyral enhancement, corresponding to ¹⁸F-FDG-PET hypermetabolism, compatible with unilateral cortical encephalitis. Extensive metabolic, infectious, and malignancy workup was unrevealing. Neural autoantibodies were negative. 6-months of progressive cognitive decline, visual, speech, and gait disturbance and an infectious event (appendicitis) preceded acute unihemispheric encephalitic syndrome. Brain biopsy demonstrated increased cortical perineuronal microglial activation, retraction of astrocytic processes from microvessels suggestive of blood-brain barrier disruption, and mainly perivascular CD4⁺T-cell infiltrates, alongside excess circulating interleukin-18 collectively implicating innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Initial treatment with pulse steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin failed to yield improvement. Tocilizumab as second-line treatment concomitant to weekly pulse steroids led to significant recovery in cognition, gaze deviation, speech, and gait and resolution of imaging abnormalities.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Tocilizumab—an IL-6 receptor blocker—was selected given the pleiotropic role of IL-6 in proinflammatory CD4⁺T-cell differentiation (Th17/Treg imbalance) and innate immune-driven CNS inflammation. This case illustrates the utility of clinico-pathological correlation and cytokine profiling in guiding immunotherapy selection in antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 578764"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheumatoid meningitis presented as recurrent stroke-like symptoms: A case report and literature review","authors":"Xin Yang ,&nbsp;Shuping Fang ,&nbsp;Zilong Hao ,&nbsp;Weihong Kuang","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Rheumatoid meningitis (RM) presents a diverse array of symptoms that can mimic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), creating significant challenges for early clinical diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study reported on a patient who presented with recurrent stroke-like symptoms and was diagnosed with RM. Additionally, a literature review was conducted on PubMed using the terms “rheumatoid arthritis,” “central nervous system,” “meningitis,” and “rheumatoid meningitis” on December 20, 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nineteen patients diagnosed with RM who exhibited stroke-like symptoms or TIA were included in the analysis. Of these, 58 % were male, with a median age of 65 years (range: 37–87 years). The duration of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) varied from 0 to 12 years. Approximately 80 % of patients showed meningeal enhancement on MRI, with 47 % displaying asymmetric enhancement, 21 % diffuse enhancement, and 5 % a mass-like lesion. CSF analysis revealed mild elevations in white blood cell count and protein in 68 % of patients. Biopsies were performed in 13 out of 19 cases, with 11 cases (85 %) showing chronic inflammation, including 10 with leptomeningitis or pachymeningitis, 1 with vasculitis, and 1 with necrotizing granulomatous meningitis. Corticosteroids were the most commonly used treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>For patients presenting with stroke-like or TIA symptoms who have a history of RA, it is crucial to consider RM in the differential diagnosis. Further research is needed to determine the most effective treatment strategies for these patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 578763"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translational Evidence of Immunomodulation by Addictive Drugs: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.","authors":"Luis M Tuesta, Cassandra D Gipson","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578762","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":" ","pages":"578762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epstein-Barr virus reactivation is associated with altered immune cell profiles in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of treatment-naive multiple sclerosis patients","authors":"Vasileios Gouzouasis ,&nbsp;Margaritis Tsifintaris ,&nbsp;Spyros Tastsoglou ,&nbsp;Nikos Markoglou ,&nbsp;Dimitris Karathanasis ,&nbsp;Lila Dimitrakopoulou ,&nbsp;Anastasia Dagkonaki ,&nbsp;Evangelos Korakidis ,&nbsp;George Mpekoulis ,&nbsp;Niki Vassilaki ,&nbsp;Artemis G. Hatzigeorgiou ,&nbsp;Maria Anagnostouli ,&nbsp;Maria Eleftheria Evangelopoulos ,&nbsp;Antonis Giannakakis ,&nbsp;Lesley Probert ,&nbsp;Hellenic Academy of Neuroimmunology","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, with autoimmune and neurodegenerative components, recently linked with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. To investigate immunological alterations associated with EBV reactivation (EBV-R) in MS we analyzed immune cell profiles in matched peripheral blood (PB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from treatment-naive MS patients, in relation to plasma EBV serology markers. In our Hellenic MS cohort, 12 of 33 patients (39 %) exhibited serological evidence of EBV-R (VCA IgG+ with VCA IgA+, VCA IgM+, or EA(D) IgG+), and 7 of these 12 also tested positive for plasma <em>BZLF1</em> mRNA, indicative of lytic infection. EBV-R patients showed reduced CD19+ B cells in PB and equal proportions in CSF compared to patients with latent EBV infection. Conversely, EBV-R patients showed increased cytotoxic CD56^dim NK cells and CD14⁺ monocytes in PB, while cytotoxic CD56^dim NK cells remained absent in the CSF, regardless of EBV status. Proportions of regulatory CD56^bright NK cells were reduced in both PB and CSF during EBV-R. Our results reveal that MS patients with serological evidence of EBV-R show altered immune responses, with reduced B cell proportions in the PB in the presence of expanded cytotoxic NK cells, and unaffected B cell proportions in CSF in the absence of cytotoxic NK cell surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 578758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Live MOG-IgG cell-based assay: Comparison across flow cytometers and diagnostic validation on high-sensitivity full spectrum flow cytometry","authors":"Elisha Siwan ,&nbsp;Asawin Tungpoomjaruswong ,&nbsp;Vera Merheb ,&nbsp;Fiona X.Z. Lee ,&nbsp;Fakhria Kakar ,&nbsp;Mark Acebes ,&nbsp;Russell C Dale ,&nbsp;David McDonald ,&nbsp;Sudarshini Ramanathan ,&nbsp;Ming-Wei Lin ,&nbsp;David A Brown ,&nbsp;Fabienne Brilot","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) diagnosis rests on seropositivity for MOG antibody (MOG-IgG). Live cell-based assays (CBA) are gold standards. Although flow cytometry live CBAs have high real-world sensitivity, their global implementation and diagnostic deployment have been challenged by perceptions of “in-house” design and custom optimization. Herein, we compared the analytical robustness of flow live MOG-IgG CBA across various cytometers in both research and diagnostic laboratories. Flow live CBAs were performed on three conventional (Fortessa, BDLSRII, Gallios), and two spectral cytometers (Aurora, ID7000). MOG-IgG titers were calculated by median fluorescence intensity (MFI), and intra- and inter assay precisions (CV%) and serostatuses were determined. The MFI detection range on Fortessa, currently used for testing, was significantly lower than spectral ID7000 (4.75-fold, <em>p</em> = 0.04) and Aurora (12-fold, <em>p</em> = 0.0001), albeit all MFIs correlated (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001; R² = 0.99). Interestingly, the high detection range was attributed to technology, not laboratory environments (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Intra- and inter-assay precisions were similar across cytometers. ID7000 and Fortessa had the lowest variation, with 4.6 % and 6.8 % intra-CV, respectively, and 15.7 % inter-CV. FACS ratio, currently reported as MOG-IgG titre, and MFIs were comparable and correlated for all cytometers (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; R² ≤ 0.99), regardless of the analysis software (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001, R² = 0.98). All serostatuses were highly concordant (κ = 1). Our results demonstrate that flow live CBAs can be validated in diagnostic laboratories across a range of flow cytometers with high reproducibility and repeatability. In particular, excellent assay performance on spectral flow cytometry strongly supports the proof-of-concept use of this technology for diagnostic purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 578760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}