{"title":"Anti-IL-6 receptor antibody suppresses onset of paralytic symptoms in AQP4 peptide-immunized mice without lowering bone strength or mineral density","authors":"Haruna Tomizawa-Shinohara, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Shota Miyake, Yoshichika Katsura, Keisuke Tanaka, Kenichi Serizawa","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Treatment with prednisolone (PSL) or anti-IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibody can reduce the frequency of relapse in patients with AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD. We previously established a mouse model of paralysis induced by intradermal immunization with AQP4 peptide. In this study, we investigated the effects of PSL and anti-IL-6R antibody treatment on paralysis and on bone fragility in this NMOSD mouse model. Prednisolone and anti-IL-6R antibody treatment each suppressed the clinical scores and incidence of paralytic symptoms in AQP4 peptide-immunized mice. High-PSL treatment induced thinning of cortical bone and reduction of tissue mineral density in the femoral shaft and a decrease in femoral bone strength, although it increased bone volume/tissue volume in the trabecular bone of the distal femur. In contrast, anti-IL-6R treatment showed no significant differences in bone strength or cortical thickness compared to the non-immunized naive group. Bone morphometric analysis showed that high-PSL treatment reduced the bone formation rate in both cortical and trabecular bone, with a predominance of bone resorption, whereas anti-IL-6R treatment demonstrated no notable effect on bone metabolism. These results suggest that anti-IL-6R antibody can prevent the development of paralytic symptoms in AQP4 peptide-immunized mice without reducing bone strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"405 ","pages":"Article 578635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veronica Viola , Gian Maria Asioli , Lorenzo Ferri , Simone Rossi , Elisa Andrini , Elisabetta Pierucci , Giuseppe Lamberti , Luisa Sambati , Rita Rinaldi , Francesca Bisulli , Luca Spinardi , Maria Guarino
{"title":"Multifocal paraneoplastic encephalitis associated with anti-GABA-B and anti-Hu antibodies manifesting with status epilepticus and epilepsia partialis continua: Expanding the clinical-radiological spectrum","authors":"Veronica Viola , Gian Maria Asioli , Lorenzo Ferri , Simone Rossi , Elisa Andrini , Elisabetta Pierucci , Giuseppe Lamberti , Luisa Sambati , Rita Rinaldi , Francesca Bisulli , Luca Spinardi , Maria Guarino","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) are immune-mediated effects of remote cancer, which often harbor anti-neuronal antibodies. These antibodies may direct toward intracellular or cell-surface antigens and the clinical picture associated with each antibody is often stereotyped. Little is known about clinical and radiological manifestations of PNSs with co-occurring anti-intracellular and anti-surface neuronal antigens. This case report describes a unique case of a patient with small cell lung cancer harboring both anti-GABABR and anti-Hu antibodies who presented with multifocal encephalitis, manifesting with status epilepticus and epilepsia partialis continua.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"405 ","pages":"Article 578634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of shared pathophysiological molecules of major psychiatric disorders: A comprehensive analysis of serum immune complex antigens before and after electroconvulsive therapy","authors":"Yuki Jimbayashi Kutsuna , Nozomi Aibara , Junya Hashizume , Wataru Omori , Mami Okada-Tsuchioka , Naoto Kajitani , Mikiro Nakashima , Atsushi Kawakami , Kaname Ohyama , Minoru Takebayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies indicate common inflammatory findings have been identified in peripheral blood in patients with major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) frequently improves both severe symptoms and inflammatory markers in these conditions. However, the shared inflammatory mechanisms underlying these disorders, and thus, reliable biomarkers remain unclear. We hypothesized that the activation of immune complexes (ICs) contributes to inflammatory pathogenesis of these disorders. Using immune complexome analysis, we examined antigens forming ICs (IC-antigens) in the serum of patients with SCZ, BD, and MDD (<em>n</em> = 60) before and after ECT. Our analysis showed that although the overall quantity of ICs did not change before and after ECT, four proteins significantly decreased following ECT. These proteins were DENN domain-containing protein 1C (DENND1C), double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (ADARB1), perilipin-4, and coagulation factor XI, which were all consistently detected as IC-antigens across patient groups. Notably, DENND1C, ADARB1, and perilipin-4 were specific to psychiatric patients and absent in healthy controls. The abundance of these IC-antigens significantly correlated with psychiatric symptom scores, with DENND1C showing a particularly strong correlation with total symptom scores across all three disorders. These findings suggest that DENND1C may contribute to the shared pathophysiology of SCZ, BD, and MDD through antigenization or IC formation. This highlights its potential as a biomarker for ECT treatment availability and diagnostic/treatment efficacy monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"405 ","pages":"Article 578623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seropositivity rate of IGLON 5– A retrospective laboratory based study from India","authors":"Meena Thevarkalam , Annamma Mathai , Suprabha Panicker , Nandana Sajith , Sudheeran Kannoth , Anandkumar Anandakuttan , Dipanjan Chakraborty","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>IgLON 5 disease is a rare immune mediated tauopathy and its prevalence in India is unknown. Our aim was to determine the rate of seropositivity of anti IgLON 5 antibodies in our study population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective study done between February 2022 and December 2023 at the Neuroimmunology laboratory of Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India. Patients who underwent IgLON 5 testing were identified from laboratory records and their details extracted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of a total of 1027 patients tested for IgLON 5, 33 were positive for anti IgLON 5 antibody. [Mean age - 63.45±9.59 years; males −21]. Twenty-six cases were positive in serum, 4 in cerebrospinal fluid and 3 in both serum and CSF. The rate of seropositivity of IgLON 5 in this study population was 3.21 %.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This laboratory study shows an increased seropositivity rate of IgLON 5 disease in India. Genetic predisposition could be a potential explanation. Population based studies and genetic studies will be required to ascertain this. However, this brief report points at the need for increased awareness among clinicians regarding IgLON 5 disease, as it is more common in our population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 578624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesco Masi , Sabrina Al Qudsi , Davide Visigalli , Elisabetta Zardini , Elisabetta Capello , Luca Pio Dicembre , Elena Colombo , Antonio Uccelli , Matteo Gastaldi , Matilde Inglese , Diego Franciotta
{"title":"Oligoclonal IgM band patterns in multiple sclerosis: A two-center study","authors":"Francesco Masi , Sabrina Al Qudsi , Davide Visigalli , Elisabetta Zardini , Elisabetta Capello , Luca Pio Dicembre , Elena Colombo , Antonio Uccelli , Matteo Gastaldi , Matilde Inglese , Diego Franciotta","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal IgM bands (OCMBs) have been suggested as prognostic biomarkers in MS, but serum OCMBs meaning is still uncertain.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to assess frequency and clinical relevance of all OCMB patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this retrospective cohort study, 136 paired sera-CSF from consecutive persons with MS (pwMS) were tested in 2 centers for OCMBs using isoelectric focusing-immunoblotting. Active disease was defined as clinical or radiological relapse occurring during two-year follow-up. Predictors of active disease were analyzed with logistic regressions and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>OCMBs were found in 6.6 % of pwMS as unique-to-CSF (pattern #2), and in 20.6 % as identical in serum-CSF (pattern #4), without between-cohort difference. Active disease was more frequent in those with pattern #2 (88.9 %) and #4 (64.3 %) than in those OCMB-negative (33.3 %, <em>p</em> < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, pattern #2 (OR: 15.9; 95 % CI [1.8–136]), and pattern #4 (OR: 3.3 95 % CI [1.3–8.3]) were independent predictors of active disease. In survival analysis, pattern #2 (<em>p</em> < 0.001) and #4 (<em>p</em> = 0.017) predicted radiological relapses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our data confirm that CSF OCMB marks poor prognosis in MS. However, both OCMB pattern #4 and pattern #2, with different strength prediction, might be useful to stratify pwMS deserving more aggressive treatments, although the stratification could be achieved in the near future with more standardized and easily measurable biomarkers (e.g., serum neurofilaments).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 578622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elevated serum levels of IL-10 family and IL-12 family cytokines in myasthenia gravis","authors":"Yosuke Onishi , Akiyuki Uzawa , Manato Yasuda , Hiroyuki Akamine , Etsuko Ogaya , Hideo Handa , Yukiko Ozawa , Satoshi Kuwabara","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>IL-10 and IL-12 family cytokines play important roles in various immunological diseases. This study identified a relationship between IL-10 and IL-12 family cytokines and the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We measured IL-10 and IL-12 family cytokines levels in 25 treatment-naive MG patients with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies and 28 controls and examined their relationships with clinical parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Serum levels of IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-20, IL-22, IL-26, IL-28A, IL-29, and IL-35 were significantly higher in MG group than in control group. Among these, IL-20, IL-26, IL-28A, and IL-29 levels decreased after immunotherapy. AChR antibody titers were negatively correlated with levels of IL-12p40, IL-22, and IL-26. Scores on the MG activities of daily living (MG-ADL) scale were negatively correlated with IL-20 levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Serum levels of IL-10 and IL-12 family cytokines were elevated in MG. In particular, IL-12p40, IL-20, IL-22, and IL-26 levels might be potential disease biomarkers in MG patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 578621"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meiling Liu , Hongfang Yu , Yuzhe Wang , Shujun Shi , Haixin Liu , Xiuyun Cao , Liping Sun , Hao Yang , Zhelin Zhang
{"title":"Activation of NMDAR/Ca2+/CaKMII/ROS pathway by Brucella induced neuronal cell apoptosis","authors":"Meiling Liu , Hongfang Yu , Yuzhe Wang , Shujun Shi , Haixin Liu , Xiuyun Cao , Liping Sun , Hao Yang , Zhelin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neurobrucellosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system caused by brucellosis and is the most serious form of brucellosis. However, the pathogenesis of this disease is not well understood, and there are no suitable molecular markers for rapid diagnosis. In the present study, we infected neuronal cells and brain slices with cerebrospinal fluid from patients with bruceopathy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were detected by immunofluorescence. Nissl staining, HE staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe nissl bodies and physiological. Calcium ion flow was detected by calcium ion fluorescence probe. The expression levels of related molecules were detected. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential were also measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cerebrospinal fluid infected neurons and brain slice and activated kynurenine pathway (KP) lead to excessive activation of <em>N</em>-methyl-<span>d</span>-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), increased calcium flow, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased ROS levels. This eventually leads to increased central nervous system (CNS) damage. The KP product quinolinic acid (QUIN) showed the same results as after infection with <em>Brucella S2308</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Collectively, our study supports that <em>Brucella</em> neurotype causes CNS damage via QUIN/NMDAR/Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaKMII/ROS, which provides one possible therapeutic target for neurobrucellosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"405 ","pages":"Article 578620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Double filtration plasmapheresis in autoimmune gastritis with subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord: A case report","authors":"Qiuju Li , Bin Liu , Yangtai Guan, Yuhui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is characterized by the destruction of gastric parietal cells, leading to vitamin B12 deficiency and potentially causing subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SCD). We present a case of a 61-year-old male with AIG who developed SCD and underwent three sessions of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), resulting in significant reduction of autoantibody titers and improvement in neurological symptoms. DFPP demonstrated efficacy in treating AIG complicated by SCD, offering potentially faster clinical response than conventional therapies by rapidly reducing autoantibody levels. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in preventing irreversible neurological damage, suggesting DFPP as a promising adjunctive treatment for AIG with SCD and warranting further investigation into its mechanisms and applications in autoimmune diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"403 ","pages":"Article 578618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuka Inoue , Takayuki Fujii , Kaoru Yoshida Kashu , Mitsuru Watanabe , Katsuhisa Masaki , Eizo Tanaka , Yuu-ichi Kira , Hajime Takeuchi , Ken Yamaura , Noriko Isobe
{"title":"Associations between serum levels of alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide and clinical features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","authors":"Yuka Inoue , Takayuki Fujii , Kaoru Yoshida Kashu , Mitsuru Watanabe , Katsuhisa Masaki , Eizo Tanaka , Yuu-ichi Kira , Hajime Takeuchi , Ken Yamaura , Noriko Isobe","doi":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are characterized by severe inflammation-mediated astrocytopathy in the central nervous system. Neuropathic pain (NP) is highly prevalent among patients with NMOSD, and significantly impairs their quality of life. Alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP) is a neuropeptide related to pain and neuroinflammation in the central and peripheral nerves; however, the involvement of α-CGRP in NMOSD pathophysiology remains unexplored. Here, we measured serum levels of α-CGRP in 33 patients with NMOSD and 36 healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to clarify associations between serum α-CGRP levels and clinical NMOSD features, including NP. The NMOSD patients showed significantly higher serum α-CGRP levels than healthy controls [median (interquartile range), ng/mL; 1.89 (1.66–2.39) vs 1.54 (1.34–1.87), <em>p</em> = 0.008]. NMOSD patients with sensory or bowel and bladder dysfunction had elevated serum α-CGRP levels compared with those without [2.02 (1.76–2.80) vs 1.76 (1.44–1.95), <em>p</em> = 0.049; 2.19 (1.96–2.86) vs 1.71 (1.40–1.90), <em>p</em> < 0.001, respectively]. Serum α-CGRP levels were higher in NMOSD patients with neuropathic pain than in those without [2.00 (1.71–2.76) vs 1.78 (1.51–1.97), <em>p</em> = 0.120]. NMOSD patients with spinal cord lesions on magnetic resonance imaging showed significantly higher serum α-CGRP levels compared with those without [2.02 (1.73–2.83) vs 1.73 (1.36–1.87), <em>p</em> = 0.044]. These findings indicate an association between α-CGRP and NMOSD pathophysiological status, especially sensory and bowel and bladder dysfunction derived from spinal cord lesions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmunology","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 578615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}