Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Clarifying effect-size reporting and causal interpretation in exclusive enteral nutrition for Crohn's disease-related intra-abdominal abscess","authors":"Xiubi Zhang BM, Chaochi Yue MD","doi":"10.1002/jpen.70104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpen.70104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition","volume":"50 7","pages":"908-909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147960674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenteral nutrition and hospital outcomes in Australian adults: A descriptive cohort study","authors":"Frank M. P. van Haren MD, PhD,&nbsp;Sumeet Rai MD, PhD,&nbsp;Andrew Thomson PhD,&nbsp;Josie Russell-Brown RN,&nbsp;Mary Nourse RN,&nbsp;Shakira Spiller MNurs, BNurs,&nbsp;Louise Herlihy APD, BSc,&nbsp;Sean Weng Chan BMed,&nbsp;Peter Velloza MBBCh, MSc,&nbsp;Matthew H. Anstey MBBS, MPH,&nbsp;Robert N. Palmer B. Pharm,&nbsp;Bianca Mammana APD,&nbsp;Tania Elderkin BAppSc, MHSc,&nbsp;Adam Visser MBBS,&nbsp;Matt Brain MD, PhD,&nbsp;Sarah Mineall BNSc, MCN,&nbsp;Emma J. Ridley APD, MPH, PhD","doi":"10.1002/jpen.70132","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpen.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is limited information regarding real-world use of parenteral nutrition in hospitals. The objective of the study was to provide a real-world description of parenteral nutrition administration in hospitalized patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a descriptive cohort study in 507 hospitalized adults who received parenteral nutrition at five Australian hospitals from 2015 to 2020. Adult patients (≥18 years) receiving parenteral nutrition in the hospital were eligible. Data collected included baseline demographics, comorbidities, clinician-determined indication and administration details for parenteral nutrition. The primary outcome was the indication for parenteral nutrition. Secondary outcomes included the use of supplemental parenteral nutrition and the vascular access devices used.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 507 enrolled patients, 263 (52%) were in the intensive care unit and 244 (48%) in the ward at the time of enrolment. The most common indication for parenteral nutrition was a non-functioning gastrointestinal tract (45% [390/864 indications]), mostly because of ileus (18% [71/390]), followed by inadequate nutrition (35% [304/864]). More than half the patients (347/507, 68%) had a nil by mouth order by their treating team. The median duration of parenteral nutrition administration was 7 (4;14) days. Supplemental parenteral nutrition was more common for patients in the intensive care unit. Vascular access was most achieved via central venous catheter in intensive care unit patients (81%) compared to a peripherally inserted central catheter line in ward patients (75%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides novel real-world data on the demographics, indications, provision and outcomes of parenteral nutrition for hospitalized patients. Commonly reported indications for parenteral nutrition were ileus and nil by mouth orders, which may warrant further study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition","volume":"50 7","pages":"1003-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpen.70132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148665549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition and pharmacologic support to address metabolic demands following trauma: A narrative review","authors":"Megan A. Ralfe BS,&nbsp;Andrew B. Schneider MD, MSc,&nbsp;Lauren Raff MD,&nbsp;Linda E. Sousse PhD","doi":"10.1002/jpen.70108","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpen.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Severe traumatic injury triggers a profound hypermetabolic and hypercatabolic response, marked by increased resting energy expenditure, accelerated protein breakdown, muscle wasting, and heightened risk of malnutrition, infection, and mortality. Timely and targeted nutritional intervention is therefore essential to support immune function, promote wound healing, and facilitate recovery. Herein, we examine the metabolic demands of patients with severe trauma and synthesize current clinical guidelines and evidence-based strategies for nutritional management. This review outlines the neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and metabolic mechanisms that drive hypercatabolism following major trauma. It evaluates methods for estimating energy expenditure and their limitations, and discusses recommended caloric and protein targets, as well as timing of initiation and preferred routes of nutritional support. Additionally, our review examines the evidence for adjunctive immunonutrition, including supplementation of glutamine, omega-3 fatty acids, arginine, and ghrelin. In summary, early and individualized nutritional therapy is critical to mitigating hypercatabolism and improving clinical outcomes in trauma patients. Although foundational guidelines have been established, high-quality randomized controlled trials remain necessary to better define the role of specific immunonutrients across diverse trauma populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition","volume":"50 7","pages":"938-945"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enteral nutrition responsiveness in critically ill patients: An expert commentary","authors":"Jayshil J. Patel MD,&nbsp;Beth Taylor MS, DCN, RD,&nbsp;Kevin Gibbs MD,&nbsp;Robert G. Martindale MD, PhD,&nbsp;Alexander Nagrebetsky MD, MSc,&nbsp;Todd W. Rice MD, MSc,&nbsp;Stephen A. McClave MD","doi":"10.1002/jpen.70128","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpen.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Clinical decisions about enteral nutrition timing and dose in critically ill adults are largely guided by visible markers of feeding intolerance (e.g., vomiting, ileus), which signal dysmotility risk but provide little insight into nutrient assimilation or metabolic benefit. This creates a “visibility problem,” whereby practice is shaped by observable adverse effects rather than nutritional effectiveness. We propose a phase-specific framework that conceptualizes enteral nutrition as a titratable therapy based on biologic responsiveness. Enteral nutrition responsiveness is defined as the likelihood that delivered nutrients achieve phase-specific therapeutic goals within physiologic and metabolic constraints. Reinterpretation of trials comparing restricted versus full-dose enteral nutrition suggests that during the acute phase, many patients have limited responsiveness to higher doses, consistent with a narrow therapeutic window in which the primary rationale for feeding may be gut barrier support rather than correction of energy deficits. As patients transition into later phases, physiologic stability improves, and enteral nutrition responsiveness increasingly reflects nutrient assimilation and metabolic utilization that may contribute to recovery. Conceptualizing enteral nutrition as a phase-dependent, titratable therapy may help reconcile conflicting trial data, support individualized strategies, and highlight the need for bedside tools and biomarkers that assess nutrient assimilation and utilization rather than delivery alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":16668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition","volume":"50 7","pages":"910-919"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148475719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JPEN Journal Club 100. It depends on the control","authors":"Ronald L. Koretz MD","doi":"10.1002/jpen.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpen.70086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition","volume":"50 7","pages":"1045-1047"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147518224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative body mass index and the risk of unfavorable outcomes in adults following esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Naoki Takahashi MD,&nbsp;Akihiko Okamura MD, PhD,&nbsp;Shiho Enokida BS,&nbsp;Ayumi Okuzawa BS,&nbsp;Yuka Inamochi BS,&nbsp;Misuzu Ishii BS,&nbsp;Kumi Takagi BS,&nbsp;Erika Nakaya MSN,&nbsp;Yoko Saino BS, PhD,&nbsp;Masayoshi Terayama MD, PhD,&nbsp;Jun Kanamori MD, PhD,&nbsp;Akemi Kataoka MD, PhD,&nbsp;Akinobu Taketomi MD, PhD,&nbsp;Masayuki Watanabe MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/jpen.70124","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpen.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Esophagectomy is an invasive procedure, frequently complicated by long-term weight loss and nutritional deficiencies. Although outpatient nutritional support is recommended, specific target body mass index (BMI) has not been established. Accordingly, we aimed to identify the threshold of postoperative BMI associated with unfavorable outcomes following esophagectomy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed 317 patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, measuring their postoperative BMI at 3, 6, and 12 months. Unfavorable outcomes were defined as a composite of mortality, unplanned readmission, or pneumonia requiring outpatient treatment. Restricted cubic spline models were employed to determine the BMI threshold, and multivariable generalized estimating equation logistic regression was used to examine the significance of the threshold on unfavorable outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median preoperative BMI was 21.6 kg/m², which decreased to 18.7 kg/m² at 12 months. The BMI threshold was determined to be 19.5 kg/m² via restricted cubic spline analysis. Multivariable generalized estimating equation logistic regression confirmed that a BMI &lt;19.5 kg/m² was significantly associated with a higher risk of unfavorable outcomes at 3 months (odds ratio: 2.29; <i>P</i> = 0.02), 6 months (odds ratio: 2.27; <i>P</i> = 0.03), and 12 months (odds ratio: 2.89; <i>P</i> = 0.009).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A BMI of 19.5 kg/m² could serve as a clinically relevant reference point for postoperative recovery. Maintaining a BMI above this threshold may be the primary goal of outpatient nutritional management to reduce unfavorable outcomes after esophagectomy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition","volume":"50 7","pages":"996-1002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148379351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience and attitudes toward blended tube feeding in Dutch pediatric healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional survey","authors":"R. S. Boereboom MD,&nbsp;E. H. de Jongh-Kampherbeek RD, BSc,&nbsp;M. Groenewold RD, BSc,&nbsp;C. G. W. van Ophuizen RD, BSc,&nbsp;T. G. J. de Meij MD, PhD,&nbsp;J. B. van Goudoever MD, PhD,&nbsp;A. Kindermann MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/jpen.70125","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpen.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blended tube feeding (BTF)—enteral nutrition based on whole foods—is increasingly adopted as an alternative to commercial formulas in children requiring long-term tube feeding. While parents often initiate this practice, healthcare professionals are crucial for its safe and effective implementation. This study explored the perspectives of Dutch pediatric healthcare professionals regarding BTF to identify knowledge gaps and support future clinical guidance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a cross-sectional survey in 252 participants based in the Netherlands from February to May 2025. The self-developed 30-item questionnaire addressed BTF knowledge, attitudes, and experiences. Responses were analyzed descriptively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 252 respondents completed the survey, primarily pediatric dietitians (<i>n</i> = 89) and pediatricians (<i>n</i> = 64). Familiarity with BTF was high (82%), and 56% had cared for children receiving it, most commonly via gastrostomy, although practices varied. Attitudes were generally positive (65%), particularly among dietitians (81%). Reported benefits included improved feeding tolerance (79%), reduced reflux/vomiting (72%), and improved stool patterns (67%); while caregiver burden (61%) and perceived parental insecurity regarding nutrition (28%) were the main challenges. Awareness of the 2022 national BTF position paper was low (54%), especially among physicians (20%), although 77% of healthcare professionals expressed interest in further education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This nationwide survey reveals high familiarity and positive attitudes toward BTF among pediatric healthcare professionals but considerable variation in practice and limited awareness of existing guidelines. Future interventional studies, evidence-based recommendations and professional training are needed to support consistent, family-centered implementation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition","volume":"50 7","pages":"946-953"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpen.70125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148665560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased bone mineral density in adults with type 2 intestinal failure: A descriptive cross-sectional study","authors":"Maria Vittoria Teso MD,&nbsp;Maja Kopczynska MBBCh,&nbsp;Simon Lal MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/jpen.70118","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpen.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metabolic bone disease, which includes osteopenia and osteoporosis, is a recognized complication of chronic intestinal failure, occurring in up to 67% of patients, such that international guidelines recommend screening every 12–18 months for those on home parenteral nutrition. However, data on the prevalence and risk factors for metabolic bone disease in acute type 2 intestinal failure are lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a descriptive cross-sectional study on adults with type 2 intestinal failure admitted to a national UK Intestinal Failure Reference Center between July 1, 2018 and April 30, 2023. Collected variables included demographics, clinical characteristics, medications, laboratory results and bone mineral density measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 150 patients were included in the analysis. Mechanisms of intestinal failure included short bowel syndrome (57.4%), intestinal fistula (30.0%), and dysmotility (8.0%). Osteopenia was identified in 46.0% and osteoporosis in 15.3% of patients. Multivariable analysis identified dysmotility and prolonged steroid use as being independently associated with decreased bone mineral density, whereas calcium supplementation and higher body mass index were associated with increased bone mineral density.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metabolic bone disease is prevalent among patients with type 2 intestinal failure. In addition to established risk factors, gastrointestinal dysmotility, often diagnosed late, is independently associated with lower bone mineral density. These findings support the consideration of routine baseline assessment of bone mineral density at the point of presentation with type 2 intestinal failure, with a potential need now to review existing guidelines which focus primarily on monitoring in type 3 intestinal failure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition","volume":"50 7","pages":"1014-1023"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of patients with medically unexplained intolerance to enteral feeding treated with home parenteral nutrition: A descriptive cohort study","authors":"J. W. Korzilius PhD,&nbsp;E. J. Limonard PhD,&nbsp;A. C. Simon PhD,&nbsp;F. van der Heide PhD,&nbsp;G. Bouma PhD,&nbsp;I. Keuning PhD,&nbsp;E. T. Grein MSc,&nbsp;T. J. van den Heuvel PhD,&nbsp;D. Keszthelyi PhD,&nbsp;G. Dijkstra PhD,&nbsp;M. J. Serlie PhD,&nbsp;G. J. A. Wanten PhD","doi":"10.1002/jpen.70126","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpen.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dutch intestinal failure centers are increasingly confronted with patients started on total parenteral nutrition because of reported intolerance to enteral feeding without meeting clinical criteria for intestinal failure. This study aimed to describe clinical characteristics, medical consumption, and treatment status of patients with medically unexplained intolerance to enteral feeding treated with home parenteral nutrition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a descriptive cohort study in three intestinal failure expert centers in the Netherlands. We identified adult patients on total parenteral nutrition without a medical explanation for intolerance to enteral feeding via an electronic medical record search. We investigated patient characteristics, diagnostic procedures, and treatments these individuals had undergone. We also evaluated the impact of caring for these patients on physicians, using a questionnaire.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>78 patients on total parenteral nutrition and with medically unexplained intolerance to enteral feeding were analyzed. Most patients were female (91%), 80% were ≤45 years at the start of gastrointestinal complaints, 63% were on opioids, and in 83% discontinuation of total parenteral nutrition was not achieved. The impact on treating physicians was rated as at least very burdensome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treating patients with medically unexplained intolerance to enteral feeding with total parenteral nutrition is challenging for involved professionals in Dutch intestinal failure expert centers. This mainly concerns relatively young, female patients, most using opioids, and weaning off total parenteral nutrition is not successful in most cases. We suggest using caution when initiating total parenteral nutrition in patients with unexplained enteral intolerance before consultation with and/or assessment at an expert center.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition","volume":"50 7","pages":"1024-1030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpen.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjusting for inflammation and adopting post-stabilization BIA: Toward reliable mortality prediction in parenteral nutrition","authors":"Ting Wang MD,&nbsp;Ran Zhang MD,&nbsp;Chao Zhang MD","doi":"10.1002/jpen.70098","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpen.70098","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition","volume":"50 7","pages":"906-907"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147826207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}