Development of home-based methods to defat human milk for infants with chylothorax: An experimental study.

Abstract

Background: Chylothorax is a postoperative complication for infants with congenital heart defects; with high nutrition risk. Defatted human milk is recommended; however, refrigerated centrifugation to process milk poses accessibility barriers for many hospitals and families at home. Creation of a simplified home-based defatted milk protocol allows infants with chylothorax to be provided the immunological benefits of human milk postoperatively.

Methods: Milk from 20 mothers was tested to compare refrigerated centrifugation as the standard defatting technique against gravity-based methods: syringe tip-down and gravy separator. Two timeframes, 24 h and 48 h, were tested to determine if additional time had a significant impact on fat reduction. The MIRIS human milk analyzer provided results for fat, true protein, carbohydrate, and energy content. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine a significant difference on fat content among methods.

Results: All methods had a significant reduction in fat content, with centrifugation having the largest mean decline from 3.4 to 0.5 g/100 ml (P < 0.0001). The second most effective method to defat milk was 48-h gravy separator with a mean decline to 0.7 g/100 ml (P < 0.0001). Postpartum age of milk impacted the degree of fat removal in all methods. True protein content remained the same as baseline in all methods.

Conclusion: A simplified home-based gravity separation method over 48 h reduced human milk fat by 80%. This is the first protocol to defat human milk without use of the more resource-intensive centrifugation method, that shows significant fat reduction with easy-to-use and accessible equipment for management of infants with chylothorax.