Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Multiple sclerosis-associated uveitis successfully controlled with ofatumumab.","authors":"Soufiane Azargui, Julia L Xia, Ian J McClain, Mark Dacey, Andrew B Wolf, Alan G Palestine, Amit K Reddy","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00543-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00543-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report three cases of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated uveitis whose ocular inflammation responded well to ofatumumab.</p><p><strong>Case presentations: </strong>Case 1: A 26-year-old male with bilateral MS-associated occlusive retinal vasculitis presented with 1 + vitreous cell in both eyes and diffuse vascular leakage in both eyes on fluorescein angiography (FA). After treatment with ofatumumab for 19 months, there was significant improvement in vitreous cell and vascular leakage bilaterally. Case 2: A 41-year-old male with bilateral MS-associated intermediate uveitis presented with 2 + vitreous cell bilaterally. FA demonstrated bilateral vascular leakage with cystoid macular edema. After transitioning to ofatumumab from ocrelizumab and corticosteroid injections, exam remained quiet with resolved FA leakage bilaterally without further injections for 10 months. Case 3: A 51 year old female with MS initially presented with 2 + AC cell in the left eye and was started on mycophenolate mofetil with improvement but was unable to wean off topical corticosteroids. After switching to ofatumumab, she remained quiet on prednisolone acetate once daily in both eyes for nine months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the benefits of ofatumumab have been well reported in MS, this is the first case report to describe the successful treatment of MS-associated uveitis with ofatumumab. Ofatumumab may prove to be an effective therapeutic option for these patients, with the additional benefit of self-administration. Further studies would be beneficial to identify the patients who would most benefit from this treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12618798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145523537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Efficacy and safety of water-free topical cyclosporine for moderate to severe dry eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ahmed Hamed Rehan, Hassan El-Masry, Roaa Abdultawab, Manahil Ahmed, Rawan Ashraf Kasem, Mohammad Al Diab Al Azzawi, Shree Rath","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00556-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00556-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12615874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145505162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between cannabis use and ocular inflammatory disease: a large-scale cohort study.","authors":"Natan Lishinsky, Ortal Buhbut, Shoham Kubovsky, Nir Erdinest, Radgonde Amer, Zvi Gur","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00544-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00544-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cannabis use has increased substantially worldwide, yet its association with inflammatory eye diseases remains poorly understood. This study evaluated whether cannabis users have higher risk of developing uveitis and related inflammatory ocular conditions compared to non-users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network database. Adult patients with documented cannabis-related disorders were propensity score-matched 1:1 to patients with no cannabis use, excluding individuals with prior diagnoses that could independently cause uveitis. The primary outcome was the incidence of any uveitis. Secondary outcomes included specific uveitis subtypes, retinal vasculitis, and choroidal degeneration, assessed starting 1 year after cohort entry. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models compared outcomes between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After propensity matching, 1,156,655 cannabis users were compared with 1,156,655 matched non-users. Cannabis use was associated with significantly increased risk of any uveitis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65-1.95, p < 0.0001). Specific uveitic conditions showed higher relative risks: panuveitis demonstrated the strongest association (HR 3.64, 95% CI 2.24-5.91, p < 0.0001), followed by choroidal degeneration (HR 3.29, 95% CI 1.74-6.23, p < 0.0001) and retinal vasculitis (HR 3.27, 95% CI 1.81-5.89, p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cannabis use was associated with statistically and clinically significant increased risk of ocular inflammatory diseases, particularly those affecting the posterior eye segment. These findings have important implications for ophthalmologic screening and patient counseling as cannabis use becomes more widespread.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12605840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145489007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term outcomes of combination systemic and intravitreal antiviral therapy in the management of acute retinal necrosis.","authors":"Amanda Rb Wade, Zachary A Kroeger, Sidharth K Sengupta, Megan Guerre, Ambar Faridi, Steven Yeh, Christina J Flaxel","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00535-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00535-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>To investigate whether patients diagnosed with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) previously treated with combination systemic and intravitreal antiviral injection have better long-term outcomes than those treated with systemic antiviral monotherapy PATIENTS AND METHODS: Follow-up retrospective cohort study analyzing data collected since 2009.¹ Patient medical charts were reviewed for ophthalmologic data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the original 24 patients, eight patients (nine eyes) had sufficient data for analysis. Six eyes had previously received combination systemic and intravitreal antiviral therapy, and three eyes were treated with systemic monotherapy (P = 0.39). Average follow-up was 177 months. Within each group, no significant difference was detected between initial and final logMAR VA (i.e. combination therapy: P = 0.78; systemic monotherapy: P = 0.60). There was no significant difference in the development of phthisis or enucleation between treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this long-term cohort of ARN patients, two-thirds of patients in the original study were lost to follow-up leading to reduced sample size, however the loss was equal between the two groups. Given our limited sample size available for follow-up, there is no definitive recommendation for changing the current paradigm of treatment for this disease. Our data suggests that long-term follow-up is required for patients with ARN following their initial treatment. We recommend further studies to provide definitive recommendations in this complex patient group.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12595154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uveitis-glaucoma-edema (UGE): a clinical triad in un-treated helminth-associated severe anterior segment inflammation.","authors":"Rakesh Shakya, Gaurav Kohli, Chintan Shah, Ananya Sinha, Gautam Parmar, Navjot Singh Ahluwalia, Deepak Edward, Alok Sen","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00531-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00531-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the clinical presentation, treatment response, and surgical management of anterior segment ocular helminthic infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center case series included patients diagnosed with helminthic anterior uveitis based on the presence of a characteristic triad: anterior uveitis, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and corneal edema. All patients were initially treated with topical corticosteroids and antiglaucoma medications. Definitive treatment consisted of surgical extraction of the intraocular helminth after adequate control of inflammation and IOP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All cases presented with Uveitis, raised IOP (Glaucoma), and corneal Edema (UGE) triad, which significantly impacted initial visualization and diagnosis. A non-touch surgical technique using viscoelastic-assisted dissection and capsulorhexis forceps was employed to extract the intraocular worms. Microscopic identification confirmed the organisms as Gnathostoma spinigerum, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Loa loa.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Helminthic infestation of the anterior segment, although rare, may present as a distinct clinical entity characterized by uveitis, secondary glaucoma, and corneal edema. Early recognition of this triad can raise clinical suspicion. Controlled inflammation and IOP normalization, followed by non-traumatic surgical extraction, are key to favorable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12589752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145445145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long COVID and the development of new-onset uveitis: a large database study.","authors":"Qais A Dihan, Nayef Alshammari, Abdelrahman M Elhusseiny, Kaersti L Rickels, Ahmed F Shakarchi, Muhammad Z Chauhan, Ahmed B Sallam","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00527-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00527-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the impact of long COVID diagnosis on the risk of developing uveitis among individuals vaccinated and not vaccinated against COVID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using an aggregate healthcare database, TriNetX, which includes data from over 127 million patients across 95 international healthcare organizations. Four cohorts were compared: (1) Unvaccinated, Long COVID; (2) Unvaccinated, No Long COVID; (3) Vaccinated, Long COVID; and (4) Vaccinated, No Long COVID. Patients with any history of uveitis prior to initial COVID diagnosis were excluded. The primary outcome was the risk of new-onset uveitis at 1 and 2 years following the diagnosis of long COVID.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unvaccinated, long COVID patients demonstrated an increased risk of developing new-onset uveitis compared to unvaccinated, no long COVID controls at 1 year (aHR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.19-3.38) and 2 years (aHR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.08-2.37). The highest risk was seen for anterior uveitis at 1 year (aHR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.13-3.41) and 2 years (aHR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.06-2.40). Other uveitis subtypes did not show an increased risk in this cohort. Among vaccinated individuals, there was not increased risk in those with long COVID compared to those without at 1 year (aHR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.58-1.55) and 2 years (aHR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.65-1.46).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unvaccinated individuals with long COVID have an increased risk of developing new uveitis, particularly anterior uveitis. Vaccinated individuals with long COVID did not have an increased risk of developing uveitis compared to vaccinated non-long COVID individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12586249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145438276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral multiple evanescent white dot syndrome documented and followed by swept-source OCT angiography: a case report.","authors":"Arsham Salameti, Jon Roger Eidet","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00542-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00542-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Bilateral Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS) is rare and may mimic other Primary Inflammatory Choriocapillaropathies (PICCPs) such as Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE). Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) offers improved visualization of the choriocapillaris and may facilitate early differential diagnosis. CASE REPORT: A healthy 32-year-old man presented with acute bilateral visual field disturbances and central vision loss in the left eye. Multimodal imaging, including SS-OCTA, demonstrated outer retinal layer attenuation and mild choriocapillaris flow deficit in the right eye, with no flow deficit in the left eye. The findings were more consistent with MEWDS than with APMPPE. Serial follow-up revealed spontaneous recovery of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) to 20/16 in both eyes, accompanied by normalization of all imaging parameters. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the diagnostic importance of multimodal imaging, particularly SS-OCTA, in atypical presentations of MEWDS. Early and accurate identification helps avoid unnecessary treatment and prompts appropriate investigation when more serious pathology is suspected. </p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12583273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145438349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral choroidal tuberculoma in a patient of miliary tuberculosis.","authors":"Tanya Jain, Sachit Mahajan, Aishwaraya Kanagaraj, Vivek Jha","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00509-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00509-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Choroidal granuloma is one of the common manifestations of ocular tuberculosis. Tubercles indicate hematogenous dissemination of the disease. Tubercular granulomas respond to Anti-Tubercular Treatment (ATT) and systemic corticosteroids. However, in some patients with large granulomas involving macula, adjunct treatment with intravitreal anti-VEGF may be required for prompt management of the granuloma.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We report a case of bilateral Tubercular granuloma in a patient with miliary Tuberculosis (TB). The patient was an immunocompetent young female with miliary tuberculosis. Mantoux was positive. HRCT chest suggested miliary TB. The patient was already on ATT. Clinical examination showed multiple TB granulomas in both eyes, with a large granuloma involving the fovea in the left eye. She underwent intravitreal injection of the anti-VEGF drug bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) (off-label use) with moxifloxacin (500 µg/0.1 mL) (off-label use) in the left eye. She was continued on ATT and was started on oral steroids. After seven weekly intravitreal injections in the left eye at the second-month follow-up, lesions were consolidated and scarred. Optical coherence tomography showed a decrease in the size of the choroidal bump.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Weekly administration of intravitreal Anti-Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and moxifloxacin, along with ATT and oral corticosteroids, has controlled inflammation and has caused consolidation and scarring of TB granulomas in a patient with miliary TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12552196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145355117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated imaging in rare eyelid lesions: a case report of palpebral dirofilariosis.","authors":"Luca Tinunin, Filippo Ugolini, Dario Giattini, Nicola Santoro","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00536-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00536-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Integrated evaluation of clinical records, radiologic imaging, and histologic slides was key in the diagnosis of a rare ophthalmic infection such as Dirofilaria repens, an emerging zoonosis in many Mediterranean regions, where it is endemic in cats and dogs and can spread to humans through mosquitos of the genera Anopheles, Aedex and Culex.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We present the case of a 64-year-old male with a subcutaneous nodule at the right medial canthus. Surgical excision was performed under the clinical suspicion of a sebaceous cyst, and the specimen was submitted for pathological examination. Histological analysis revealed a partially necrotic abscess with numerous eosinophils and multiple cross-sections of the body of a parasite. The integrated evaluation of CT, MRI and histologic sections were consistent with the diagnosis of infestation by a female Dirofilaria repens.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In this report we discussed an illustrative case of Dirofilaria infestation, an uncommon condition, and illustrate the benefits of an integrated approach to the care of ophthalmic lesions. Indeed, direct access to digitalized images of different modalities is beneficial in reducing delays, increasing accuracy, and is beneficial for prompt medical care and accurate diagnosis. The rising incidence and the possibility of serious complications, especially for the less frequent localizations more typical of species other than Dirofilaria repens, translates the need for a more widespread knowledge of these zoonoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12540220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145337223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adalimumab in non-infectious uveitis, towards a real-world therapeutic paradigm beyond inflammation control: A multicenter cross-sectional study.","authors":"Carmen Antía Rodríguez-Fernández, Lorena Rodriguez-Martínez, Olalla Rodríguez Lemos, Begoña de Domingo, Pere García Bru, Antía Gestoso, Stephanie Romeo, Patricia González-Berdullas, Bahram Bodaghi, Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00529-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00529-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: To evaluate the real-world long-term efficacy and safety of adalimumab (ADA) in refractory non-infectious uveitis (NIU), analyzing clinical outcomes, treatment adjustments, and the potential role of ADA trough levels (ADA TL) in therapeutic response. By identifying factors influencing response, our study aims to contribute to a more personalized approach. METHODS: A multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in NIU patients receiving ADA for ≥ 6 months. Disease activity was defined using the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) criteria, and patients were categorized as responders (R) or non-responders (NR). The study assessed corticosteroid (CS) and immunosuppressive therapy adjustments, relapse rates, adverse events (AEs), patient-reported outcomes (PROMs), and the relationship between serum ADA TL, anti-drug antibodies (AAA), and clinical response. RESULTS: A total of 52 patients (91 eyes) with a median disease duration of 6.5 years (IQR 3.0–11.5) were included. Anterior uveitis was the most frequent subtype (34.6%), followed by panuveitis (26.9%), posterior (25%) and intermediate uveitis (13.5%). ADA therapy resulted in a significant reduction in systemic CS and c-DMADs. At the study visit, 65.4% of patients achieved complete inflammatory quiescence, with anterior (OR = 0.06, P = 0.009) and posterior uveitis (OR = 0.11, P = 0.04), being associated with a higher likelihood of response. ADA TL and AAA did not correlate with clinical response (median [IQR]: R = 8.5 [3.9–14.8] µg/mL vs. NR = 10.3 [7.9–14.5] µg/mL). AEs were reported by 32.7% of patients, predominantly mild-to-moderate infections, fatigue, and headaches. No significant differences in efficacy, safety, or relapse rates were observed between original ADA and biosimilars. CONCLUSIONS: Original ADA and biosimilars demonstrate long-term effectiveness and safety in NIU, reducing the need for systemic therapy, with comparable effectiveness and safety. PROMs further revealed that improvements in vision-related QoL were primarily driven by general vision perception, underscoring the subjective impact of treatment beyond objective inflammation control. While serum ADA levels were influenced by some clinical variables, they did not correlate with response to treatment. </p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12540958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145337165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}