Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Case report: Type V ophthalmia nodosa induced by pine processionary caterpillar setae with long-term complications.","authors":"Mingzhe Shi, Shounan Qi, Chenming Wang, Chenguang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00549-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00549-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Nodular ophthalmia, a rare and specific inflammatory ocular disease, is typically triggered by contact with setae from Lepidoptera larvae. Type V according to the Cadera classification represents the rarest and prognostically poorest variant. CASE REPORT: A 55-year-old male developed immediate ocular pain, foreign body sensation, and blurred vision in his left eye following contact with a Thaumetopoea pityocampa (pine processionary caterpillar). Despite prompt removal of visible setae and initiation of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy at a local facility, uncontrolled intraocular inflammation necessitated referral to our institution. Initial ophthalmic examination revealed best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of hand motion (HM) at 15 cm in the left eye, conjunctival injection, and significant inflammatory reactions in the anterior chamber, iris, and vitreous. Two setae were identified: one embedded subconjunctivally and another within the anterior chamber near the anterior iris surface. Combined topical and systemic anti-inflammatory/anti-infective therapy, surgical setae extraction, and diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) were performed, achieving control of the intraocular inflammation. At 16 months postoperatively, persistent mild anterior chamber inflammation, cystoid macular edema (CME), epiretinal membrane (ERM), and complicated cataract were observed. At the final 48-month follow-up, BCVA in the left eye stabilized at 0.1. CONCLUSION: Precise localization of setae-induced nodular ophthalmia requires comprehensive physical examination and appropriate imaging. Severe posterior segment inflammation mandates prompt surgical setae removal to preserve visual potential. Long-term, meticulous postoperative surveillance is crucial to monitor inflammatory sequelae and intervene promptly for complications. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable. </p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12796073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145634959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical profile and outcomes of dematiaceous fungal keratitis - data from a secondary center in rural North India.","authors":"Sonali Mehta, Nikunj Vinodbhai Patel, Arpan Gandhi, Isha Chaudhari, Atanu Majumdar, Umang Mathur, Manisha Acharya","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00555-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00555-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the clinical course, factors contributing to healing, and outcomes of medically treated dematiaceous fungal keratitis (DFK) at a rural secondary eye care center in North India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, electronic medical record-based study was conducted over one year at a secondary care center. Patients of all age groups with culture-proven DFK who completed follow-up until corneal healing were included. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were analyzed. All patients received therapeutic debridement and natamycin monotherapy. Voriconazole was added in non-responders, and oral antifungals were used for corneal melt or posterior segment involvement. Cases requiring therapeutic keratoplasty (TPK) or evisceration were classified as poor outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hundred and eight eyes were included in the study. The mean age was 43.2 years, with 78.7% males. Trauma, most commonly from sugarcane leaves, was reported in 80.6%. Ulcers were mild in 50%, moderate in 39.8%, and severe in 10.2%. Half were small in size; 89.8% were superficial, while 5.6% showed full-thickness involvement. Neurotrophic-like defects were seen in 48.5% and significantly associated with ulcer size (p = 0.004). Healing occurred within 2 weeks in 44.5% and within 4 weeks in 33.7%. Delayed healing (21.8%) correlated with larger, deeper ulcers, hypopyon, and neurotrophic-like defects. TPK/evisceration (12%) was significantly associated with prior steroid use, vascularization, hypopyon, and corneal melt (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite prolonged healing, DFK has a high resolution rate with appropriate medical therapy, minor procedures, and complete debridement. Poor prognostic factors include large and deep infiltrates, hypopyon, and prior steroid use.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12657680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145604640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in immunomodulatory therapy for the treatment of chronic uveitis in the United States.","authors":"Charles Zhang, Sinan Ersan, Jonathan B Lin, Mario Cale, Thomas A Albini","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00552-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00552-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Chronic uveitis, a major cause of legal blindness in the United States, often requires long-term immunomodulatory therapy (IMT). This study aims to characterize trends in systemic IMT use among adults with chronic uveitis in United States from 2005 to 2025. METHODS: This cross-sectional time-series study used the TriNetX Network to analyze adults (ages ≥ 18) with chronic, non-infectious uveitis treated with methotrexate, mycophenolate, azathioprine, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, cyclophosphamide, adalimumab, infliximab and/or etanercept. Data was grouped into consecutive 3-year intervals, and Cochran–Armitage tests assessed changes in the proportion of patients treated with each medication. RESULTS: The total population included 12,035 adult patients. Academic and non-academic institutions shared similar trends in IMT usage. Overall, there was a reduction in the proportion of patients on methotrexate (44.2% in 2005–2007 to 37.6% in 2023–2025, p < 0.0001), azathioprine (15.1% in 2005–2007 to 6.7% in 2023–2025, p < 0.0001), cyclophosphamide (2.5% in 2011–2013 to 0.8% in 2023–2025, p < 0.0001), infliximab (18.6% in 2005–2007 to 14.1% in 2023–2025, p < 0.0001) and etanercept (9.0% in 2005–2007 to 2.0% in 2023–2025, p < 0.0001). Conversely, treatment with adalimumab rose markedly among patients with chronic uveitis (8.0% in 2005–2007 to 34.6% in 2023–2025; p < 0.0001). There was no change in the proportion of patients on mycophenolate (14.6% in 2005–2007 to 12.8% in 2023–2025; p = 0.5963). CONCLUSION: Key shifts in management of chronic uveitis include the emergence adalimumab as a key steroid sparing agent, the continued role of methotrexate as the first-line steroid-sparing agent, and a marked decline in the use of many older immunomodulatory therapies. </p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12748333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145596724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral endogenous fungal endophthalmitis following elective surgical abortion: a single center case series.","authors":"Viet Q Chau, Jesse D Sengillo, Flavius A Beca, Julia L Hudson, Thomas A Albini, Harry W Flynn","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00547-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00547-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To describe the clinical features and management of three cases of bilateral endogenous fungal endophthalmitis following elective surgical abortion performed at the same outpatient surgical center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Case series.</p><p><strong>Observations: </strong>Three immunocompetent women presented with vision loss days to weeks following elective surgical abortions performed at a single outpatient clinic. Initial visual acuities ranged from 20/20 to 20/300. Fundoscopic examination revealed multiple white round chorioretinal lesions with vitreous infiltration bilaterally in all three patients. Vitreous tap samples were obtained for culture and broad-spectrum intravitreal antimicrobials were administered. Despite negative cultures and systemic workup, the clinical presentation was consistent with fungal endophthalmitis. All patients received systemic and intravitreal antifungal therapy, leading to gradual resolution of lesions and improvement of visual acuity to 20/25 or better in all eyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This cases series represents the first reported cluster of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis following surgical abortion. Prompt recognition and treatment with intravitreal and systemic antifungals can result in favorable outcomes. The findings highlight the importance of stringent sterilization protocols in outpatient surgical settings and the need for heighted clinical suspicion in similar presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12647472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145604575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with the avoidance of glaucoma surgery in secondary glaucoma due to ocular inflammatory disease.","authors":"Yusuke Nishio, Mutsuhiro Tauchi, Ryota Suga, Naka Shiratori, Kenji Nakamoto, Fumiki Okamoto, Junko Hori","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00551-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00551-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Many cases of hypertensive uveitis progress to visual field narrowing due to difficulty controlling intraocular pressure. The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify factors related to avoidance of trabeculectomy (TLE) in patients with hypertensive uveitis. METHODS: Participants comprised patients diagnosed with ocular inflammatory disease at Nippon Medical School Tama Nagayama Hospital, Ocular Inflammation Service between April 2018 and September 2022. Logistic regression analysis was performed using avoidance of TLE as the objective variable and the following as explanatory variables: age, sex, use of biologics, granulomatous type, background disease, and treatment. RESULTS: A total of 745 eyes in 480 patients were investigated. Mean age was 57.1 ± 19.6 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 205:275. Hypertensive uveitis was identified in 200 patients (41.7%). The most common causative disease was scleritis (26.5%), followed by sarcoidosis (16.7%), Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease (6.0%), Behcet’s disease (5.2%), herpetic keratouveitis (5.0%), HLA-B27-associated uveitis (2.3%), cytomegalovirus iritis/corneal endotheliitis (1.7%), and Posner–Schlossman syndrome (0.6%). The disease type for the remaining 21.9% was unclassifiable. Anti-inflammatory treatments were: topical steroid (100%), sub-conjunctival or sub-Tenon injection of steroid (16.8%), oral steroid (16.6%), oral immunosuppressants (9.1%), and biologics (8.2%). Sixty-eight eyes (9.1%) had a history of TLE. Factors associated with avoidance of TLE were use of biologics (odds ratio [OR] 2.93, p = 0.01) and use of oral immunosuppressants (OR 1.42, p = 0.08). CONCLUSION: Around 9.1% of hypertensive uveitis cases progress to needing TLE. Use of biologics and oral immunosuppressants may help avoid TLE among patients with hypertensive uveitis. </p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12748317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145604656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and imaging characteristics of neuroretinitis secondary to cat scratch disease from tertiary centers in Malaysia: a retrospective study.","authors":"Rajasudha Sawri Rajan, Sangeeta Kuganasan, Nazima Shadaht Ali, Roslin Azni Abdul Aziz, Shelina Oli Mohamed","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00539-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00539-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Cat scratch disease (CSD) is the commonest etiology of neuroretinitis (NR) and is caused by Bartonella henselae. The objective of this study was to look at clinical, imaging characteristics and outcomes among serology confirmed Cat scratch disease Neuroretinitis (CSD NR). METHODS: A retrospective review of clinical records of 33 eyes from 28 patients was undertaken over a 5-year period between April 2015 and February 2020. RESULTS: Mean age at presentation was 34.3 years. Twenty-two (78.6%) had contact with cat. Mean duration of ocular symptoms was 7.0 days. Eighteen (64.3%) had history of fever while 24 (85.7%) complained of blurring of vision. Median baseline logMAR visual acuity was 0.8 (0.2-2.00) and median final logMAR VA was 0.2 (0.00-1.8), p < 0.01. Anterior segment inflammation was absent (57.6%) or mild (36.4%). An inflammatory angiomatous optic nerve head lesion was present in 9 (27.3%) eyes. Seventeen (51.5%) eyes had retinal infiltrates or focal retino-choroiditis. This was seen in 66.7% eyes presenting within a week and was absent in 77.8% presenting after a week (p = 0.034). Eight (24.2%) eyes had no macula exudates at presentation out of which 7 had peripapillary subretinal fluid (SRF) on optical coherence tomography (OCT). Median baseline oct central subfoveal thickness (CST) was 303 μm (213–1159) and median final CST was 262 μm (193–344), p < 0.001. Hyperreflective vitreous dots on OCT were present in 16 (50.0%) with no clinical evidence of vitritis or vitreous cells in 18.75%. Peripapillary SRF was seen in 26 (81.3%), subfoveal SRF in 23 (71.9%), macula intraretinal fluid (IRF) in 12 (37.5%) and abnormal foveal contour in 22 (68.8%). Fluorescein angiography showed disc leakage in 10 out of 15 eyes (66.7%). All patients received treatment, 17(60.7%) with oral antibiotics and 11 (39.3%) with additional oral steroids. CONCLUSION: Presenting visual acuity was moderate to poor with good final visual outcomes. Severe anterior uveitis was uncommon. Absence of baseline macular exudates maybe associated with peripapillary subretinal fluid. Retinal infiltrates or focal retino-choroiditis were common but seen early in presentation. Hyperreflective dots in the vitreous on OCT may precede clinical visualization of vitreous involvement. Significant reduction in CST on OCT was seen at six weeks. </p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12748332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior pole involvement as the presenting feature of varicella zoster virus- associated acute retinal necrosis in a young healthy man.","authors":"Ravid Ben-Avi, Radgonde Amer","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00540-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00540-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report on the long-term clinical course of a young, healthy patient who presented with a solitary posterior pole lesion as the initial manifestation of acute retinal necrosis (ARN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Descriptive case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 37-year-old man presented with a two-day history of right eye redness, pain and central scotoma. Examination revealed panuveitis and a solitary whitish-yellow retinal infiltrate in the posterior pole, with an otherwise normal retinal periphery. Given the clinical suspicion of Bartonella-associated retinitis, empiric systemic antibiotic therapy was initiated. One week later, new peripheral whitish-yellow retinal infiltrates emerged. Anterior chamber tap was positive for varicella zoster virus (VZV). The patient was diagnosed with acute retinal necrosis (ARN). Systemic and intravitreal antiviral therapy was initiated in combination with prednisone. All retinal lesions regressed completely. Areas of macular and peripheral retinal atrophy subsequently developed. At one-year of follow-up, visual acuity improved significantly from logMAR 1.0 to 0, with no disease recurrence or additional complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Posterior pole involvement as the initial manifestation of ARN in immunocompetent individuals is uncommon. This case highlights the importance of recognizing atypical clinical phenotypes of ARN. While the intensive medical therapy did not prevent the loss of retinal tissue, it successfully halted the progression of the infection toward the fovea, thereby allowing the preservation of excellent final visual acuity. Although uncommon, macular involvement should be included in the differential diagnosis of viral retinopathies. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate antiviral therapy are critical to preserving visual function and preventing further complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12638553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145564129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tocilizumab as a treatment tool for ROSAH syndrome: a case report.","authors":"Rita Teixeira-Martins, Ana Faria-Pereira, Ana Sofia Figueiredo, Renata d'Oliveira, Iva Brito, Mariana Jorge Rodrigues, Luís Figueira","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00550-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00550-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ROSAH syndrome (Retinal dystrophy, Optic nerve edema, Splenomegaly, Anhidrosis, and Headache) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by heterozygous missense pathogenic variants in ALPK1. This gene encodes alpha-kinase 1, a key regulator of the inflammatory NF-κB pathway. Pathogenic variants in ALPK1 are associated with increased NF-κB activation and chronic inflammation. Clinically, ROSAH syndrome presents with early-onset retinal dystrophy and optic nerve edema, alongside systemic inflammatory and non-inflammatory features.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a 16-year-old female diagnosed with ROSAH syndrome, genetically confirmed. Her clinical course began with subtle abnormalities in her hands by 18 months of age, and by the age of 2 years-old (YO) it was suspected of acquired arthrogryposis and advanced bone age. Around the age of 4YO she was diagnosed with bilateral macular and papillary edema and despite treatment with methotrexate and adalimumab, she continued to experience persistent ocular inflammation and progressive vision loss; hands and feet deformities stopped evolving around age of 6-7YO; at 12YO, due to worsening of macular edema and optic disc swelling, her treatment regimen was modified to include rituximab, which led to modest improvements. Her diagnostic odyssey culminated at 15YO with the identification of the pathogenic variant p.Tyr254Cys in ALPK1. Recently, tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, was added, resulting in significant reduction in macular edema and optic disc swelling just within one month. However, visual function did not improve due to pre-existing retinal damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tocilizumab showed significant anatomical benefit in this ROSAH syndrome patient, suggesting a role for IL-6 in disease pathophysiology. Although vision could not be restored, the response supports the use of targeted biologics in managing ROSAH. Broader clinical studies are needed to confirm efficacy. This case also highlights the importance of including ALPK1 in genetic panels for optic neuropathies, retinal disorders, and unexplained arthropathies to improve diagnosis and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12638613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145564164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug resistant bacteria and associated risk factors of external ocular infections at University of Gondar tertiary hospital in Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Mahliet Dereje, Abebe Birhanu, Meseret Mulu, Getachew Bitew, Alemnew Demissie, Aklilu Ambachew, Mulat Dagnew","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00541-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00541-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are an escalating global public health concern and represent a cross-cutting issue affecting multiple sectors. In ophthalmic care, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents are frequently prescribed empirically by healthcare professionals, often without culture-based evidence. This practice contributes to the development of drug-resistant pathogens. Therefore, routine surveillance of bacterial profiles and multidrug resistance in external ocular infections is crucial for effective treatment, prevention, and control efforts. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistance among bacterial isolates from external ocular infections and to identify associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 external ocular infection suspected patients between May 1 and July 30, 2023, at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital's Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center. Systematic random sampling was employed to recruit participants. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaires. Ocular specimens were collected aseptically and processed using standard microbiological techniques according to CLSI. Data were entered into EpiData version 25 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the risk factors, with a 95% confidence interval. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 360 patients participated in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bacterial pathogens were isolated in 59.7% (215/360) of the external ocular infection samples. Gram-positive bacteria were the most frequently identified, comprising 46.7% (168/222) of isolates. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate (43.7%, 97/222), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (29.7%, 66/222), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.8%, 24/222), and Escherichia coli (5.4%, 12/222). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 21.6%. Overall, multidrug resistance was observed in 62.2% (138/222) of the isolates. Notably, dental infections were significantly associated with the presence of bacterial external ocular infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights a high prevalence of bacterial and multidrug-resistant organisms in external ocular infections. Gentamicin and ciprofloxacin are effective antimicrobial agents against the isolated pathogens. These findings underscore the need for continuous monitoring of bacterial profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to support evidence-based antibiotic use and mitigate the rise of antimicrobial resistance in ocular infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12627321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145540920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) in an HIV-negative patient with a history of chronic lymphoproliferative disease.","authors":"Marko Lukic, Ian Yeung, Li Qing, Mark Westcott","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00545-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00545-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE: To report a challenging case of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) in a Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative patient with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This is a case report about a patient who was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 and treated for chronic lymphoproliferative disease (CLD). The patient developed clinical signs of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR). The patient underwent a thorough diagnostic workup and complex treatment. We present the outcomes of treatment in this challenging case. RESULTS: 67-year-old man initially diagnosed with both eyes mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) presented with blurred vision in the right eye. The patient presented with hypertensive anterior CMV-related anterior uveitis. The baseline visual acuities were 6/9 in both eyes with elevated IOP in the right eye (31mmHg). Dilated fundus examination revealed right eye peripheral retinitis accompanied by haemorrhages. The anterior tap confirmed the presence of CMV, and antiviral treatment has been commenced. Despite the treatment with antiviral agents, the patient developed a right eye occlusive disease along with macular edema. The patient underwent right eye pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) laser therapy to address occlusive and non-perfused areas in conjunction with intravitreal anti-VEGF agents. Over time, the patient achieved disease quiescence. CONCLUSION: CMV retinitis in immunocompromised, HIV-negative patients with diabetes presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Importantly, the potential development of immune recovery uveitis (IRU) – like picture should be carefully considered during the recovery phase, as it may contribute to further vision loss if not promptly recognized and managed. This case highlights the importance of individualized, multidisciplinary care and close monitoring during both the active and post-treatment phases. </p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12623567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145540951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}