Clinical characteristics, predisposing factors, and management of moraxella keratitis in a tertiary eye hospital.

Abstract

Purpose: The Moraxella species is a very uncommon pathogen that leads to microbial keratitis (MK). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features, predisposing factors, and outcomes of Moraxella keratitis in patients of a tertiary eye hospital.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from 2015 to 2022, on patients who were admitted with the diagnosis of Moraxella keratitis confirmed by positive culture in a referral eye hospital. Demographics, predisposing factors, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and prognosis were assessed.

Results: A total of 106 individuals diagnosed with Moraxella keratitis, were analyzed. The mean age was 54.42 ± 19.43 years. The mean baseline BCVA of the patients was 2.28 ± 0.6 LogMAR, while this amount reached 1.49 ± 0.81 in the 6-month follow-up (P-value = 0.02). The mean BCVA in the six-month follow-up of the patients who needed surgical interventions was significantly lower than the patients who received only medical treatment (2.15 ± 0.65 vs. 1.29 ± 0.75 LogMAR, P-value = 0.02). Patients with diabetes and those without diabetes did not substantially vary in the prevalence of corneal perforation (P-value = 0.515). Three predisposing factors including corneal perforation (odds ratio = 19.27, P-value = 0.001), hypertension (HTN) (odds ratio = 3.62, P-value = 0.03), and older age (odds ratio = 1.03, P-value = 0.008) were significantly associated with more need for surgical interventions.

Conclusion: In this cohort, poor prognosis necessitating surgical interventions in Moraxella keratitis was found to be associated with corneal perforation, HTN, and older age.