Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research最新文献

{"title":"Pachychoroid Spectrum Disorders: An Updated Review.","authors":"Richard B Brown, Sashwanthi Mohan, Jay Chhablani","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13188","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pachychoroid disease spectrum is a recent term that has been associated with an increasing number of phenotypes. This review discusses updated findings for each of the typical pachychoroid entities (central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, and focal choroidal excavation), as well as two relatively new additions (peripapillary pachychoroid neovasculopathy and peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy). Here, we discuss the potential pathogenic mechanisms for these diseases and relevant imaging updates. Finally, we argue for a consistent classification scheme for these entities.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"212-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10172805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9470867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverted ILM Flap Technique in Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy.","authors":"Ali Tavallali, Yasaman Sadeghi, Seyed-Hossein Abtahi, Hosein Nouri, Sanam Samadikhadem, Mitra Rezaei, Mehdi Mazloumi","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13189","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To present the outcome of optic disc pit maculopathy (ODPM) managed successfully with an inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap over the optic disc. A narrative review of ODPM pathogenesis and surgical management techniques are also provided.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>This prospective interventional case series included three eyes of three adult patients (25-39 years old) with unilateral ODPM and a mean duration of unilaterally decreased visual acuity of 7.33 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 2.40 months (4-12 months). The pars plana vitrectomy with posterior vitreous detachment induction was performed on eyes, followed by an inverted ILM flap insertion over the optic disc and gas tamponade. Patients were followed for 7-16 weeks postoperatively; best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved dramatically in one patient from 2/200 to 20/25. BCVA in other patients improved two and three lines - to 20/50 and 20/30, respectively. A significant anatomical improvement was achieved in all three eyes, and no complication was detected throughout the follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitrectomy with inverted ILM flap insertion over the optic disc is safe and can yield favorable anatomical improvement in patients with ODPM.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"230-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10172795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9822864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye Care in Young Children: A Parents' Perspective of Access and Barriers.","authors":"Ali M Alsaqr","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate parental perspectives of accessing eye care for children aged under seven years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The survey was conducted during September 2020 to March 2021 using online applications and distributed to parents whose children were between the ages of three and seven years. The survey included parents' background, their knowledge of the provision of eye-care services, and the possible barriers that existed to access eye-care services. The relationship between parents' knowledge, barrier scores, level of parental education, and demographic or socioeconomic status was assessed using nonparametric tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1037 questionnaires were completed. The respondents were from 50 cities across Saudi regions. The participants' age was 39 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 7.5 years, and 54% of them had at least one child under the age of seven (<i>n</i> = 564). Further, 47% had not taken their children for vision screening at reception/year one (<i>n</i> = 467). In addition, 65% of them were not aware of the mandatory screening program at reception/year <i>1</i>; whereas, only 20% (<i>n</i> = 207) knew how to access eye-care services; and only 39% of the children had undergone any kind of eye or vision test. The pathways to eye care and the cost of eye services/glasses were the main limitations. The parents' responses were significantly influenced by their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics (Kruskal Wallis, <i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a need for enhancing parent information on how to access eye care for young children and the currently available vision screening programs. Finally, a national protocol to cover the cost of the eye exam as well as spectacle prescription shall be proposed as a mean of incentive.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"192-201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10172806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9523705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Phacoemulsification on Intraocular Pressure in Eyes with Functioning Tube Shunts.","authors":"Wesam Shamseldin Shalaby,&nbsp;Sonali Patel,&nbsp;Sophia S Lam,&nbsp;Allen Ganjei,&nbsp;Aakriti Garg Shukla,&nbsp;Natasha Kolomeyer,&nbsp;Daniel Lee,&nbsp;L Jay Katz,&nbsp;Marlene R Moster,&nbsp;Jonathan Myers,&nbsp;Reza Razeghinejad","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with functioning tube shunts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective chart review of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with a functioning tube who underwent phacoemulsification and had <math><mo>≥</mo></math>24 months of follow-up. The primary end point was defined as surgical failure (IOP <math><mo>></mo></math> 21 mmHg) at month 24, progression to no light perception (NLP) vision, glaucoma reoperation, or implant removal. Surgical failure defined as IOP <math><mo>></mo></math>18 and <math><mo>></mo></math>15 mmHg, changes in visual acuity (VA), IOP, and number of medications were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven eyes of 27 patients with moderate or severe POAG were included. The mean age of the patients was 64.2 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 10.8 years. The interval between the tube shunt and phacoemulsification was 28.8 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 25.0 months. At the end of the study, four (14.8%) eyes met the failure criteria; the average time to failure was 9.3 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 3.8 months. The causes of failure were high IOP in two (50.0%) and glaucoma reoperation in two (50.0%) eyes; however, no eyes progressed to NLP vision. Surgical failure defined as IOP <math><mo>></mo></math>18 and <math><mo>></mo></math>15 mmHg showed an increasing failure rate (18.5% and 48.5%, respectively).Themean IOP and medications number remained stable at month 24 compared to baseline (<i>P</i> = 0.131 and <i>P</i> = 0.302, respectively). Initially, VA showed improvement, with the greatest improvement at 6 months (<i>P</i> = 0.001), but at 24 months the improvement was no longer significant (<i>P</i> = 0.430).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Phacoemulsification in patients with functioning tubes did not change the mean IOP in most of the patients (86.2%); the number of medications also did not increase.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"150-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10172799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9470868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior Microphthalmos Pigmentary Retinopathy Syndrome.","authors":"Syed Saifuddin Adeel,&nbsp;Syed Mohideen Ka,&nbsp;Anuj Sharma,&nbsp;Vinit J Shah,&nbsp;Adheesh Shetty","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of a rare disease entity Posterior Microphthalmos Pigmentary Retinopathy Syndrome (PMPRS) in a 47-year-old female with a brief review of literature.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 47-year-old woman presented with a history of defective vision with an associated difficulty in night vision. Clinical workup was done, which included a thorough ocular examination showing diffuse pigmentary mottling of fundus, ocular biometry showing short axial length with normal anterior segment dimensions, electroretinography showing extinguished response, optical coherence tomography showing foveoschisis, and ultrasonography showing thickened sclera-choroidal complex. Findings were consistent with those reported by other authors with PMPRS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Posterior microphthalmia with or without other ocular and systemic associations should be suspected in cases with high hyperopia. It is mandatory to carefully examine the patient at presentation and close follow-ups are needed to maintain visual function.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"240-244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10172798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9822860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Punctal Occlusion; Combined Lacrimal Canaliculi Cauterization and Punctal Suturing for Severe Dry Eye.","authors":"Kohei Kuroda,&nbsp;Hiroshi Toshida,&nbsp;Yoko Sorita,&nbsp;Kohei Ichikawa,&nbsp;Yusuke Matsuzaki,&nbsp;Toshihiko Ohta","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the treatment outcome of surgical punctal occlusion with combined canaliculi ablation and punctal suturing in patients with severe dry eye.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven eyes of seven patients were diagnosed with severe dry eye with decreased lacrimal secretion and were refractory to treatment with various eye drops and/or had repeatedly experienced loss of punctal plugs, and continued to experience subjective symptoms received surgical punctal occlusion. In 20 puncta, lacrimal canaliculi ablation was performed along the entire length of the lacrimal canaliculus where a diathermy needle could be inserted. After resection of the annulus fibrosus in the peri-punctal area, tight cross-stitch suturing of the puncta was performed with 8-0 absorbent thread. Visual acuity, corneal staining score according to the area (A) and density (D) classification, and Schirmer tear test (STT); tear break up time (tBUT); and subjective symptoms assessed by the University of North Carolina (UNC) and Dry Eye Management Scale were compared before and one year after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recanalization occurred in 1/20 puncta (5.0% at month 5) in 1/11 eyes. Student's <i>t</i>-test showed significant improvement at one year compared with preoperative values for LogMAR value (<i>P</i> = 0.019), corneal staining score A (<i>P</i> = 0.00003) and D (<i>P</i> = 0.0003), STT (<i>P</i> = 0.004), and subjective symptoms (<i>P</i> = 0.015). No change was shown in tBUT and no serious adverse event occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This improved, minimally invasive surgical procedure has a low recanalization rate and achieves both objective and subjective improvements at one year.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"143-149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10172797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9822859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Many Fenestrations Should I Make When Placing a Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant? A Laboratory Study.","authors":"Michael C Yang,&nbsp;Christopher D Yang,&nbsp;Ken Y Lin","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates the effect of one versus two fenestrations on both fluid egress and opening pressure from a non-valved glaucoma implant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this laboratory study, we used an <i>in vitro</i> closed system comprised of ligated silicone tubing connected to a fluid reservoir and manometer to simulate the tubing found in a Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant. Fenestrations were created using an 8-0 Vicryl TG140-8 suture needle. Main outcome measures included volume of fluid egress and fenestration opening pressures, which were measured via micropipette and increasing pressure until fluid egress was observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference was observed in fluid egress between tubing with one versus two fenestrations at pressures <math><mo>≤</mo></math>40 mmHg. At 50 mmHg, a statistically significant difference was observed in fluid egress between tubing with one versus two fenestrations (<i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.05). The first fenestration opened at 10.5 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 3.77 mmHg and the second fenestration opened at 28.83 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 5.09 mmHg (average <math><mo>±</mo></math> standard deviation).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our <i>in vitro</i> findings suggest there may exist a critical pressure <math><mo>></mo></math>40 mmHg at which the second fenestration starts to play a significant role in fluid drainage. There may be no difference in the amount of fluid egress and effect on intraocular pressure between one or two tube fenestrations when preoperative intraocular pressure is <math><mo>≤</mo></math>40 mmHg.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"157-163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10172796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9523699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Visual Impairment in Two Coastal Districts of Eastern India for Determining Effective Coverage: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Amit Bhardwaj,&nbsp;Praveen Vashist,&nbsp;Suraj Singh Senjam,&nbsp;Vivek Gupta,&nbsp;Noopur Gupta,&nbsp;Souvik Manna","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To measure the prevalence and causes of visual impairment (VI) among the 40+ age population in two coastal districts of India and to determine the levels of effective cataract surgical coverage (eCSC) and effective refractive error coverage (eREC) in the study population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was done on 4200 people chosen using cluster sampling in two coastal districts of Odisha, an eastern state in India. A team consisting of trained optometrists and social workers conducted the ocular examination which included unaided, pinhole, and aided visual acuity assessments followed by examination of the anterior segment and lens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 3745 (89.2%) participants were examined from 60 study clusters, 30 in each district. Among those examined, 1677 (44.8%) were men, 2554 (68.2%) were educated and number? (17.8%) used distance spectacles during the survey. The prevalence of VI adjusted for age and gender was 12.77% (95% CI 11.85-13.69%). Multiple logistic regression showed that older age (OR 3.1; 95% CI 2.0-4.7) and urban residence (OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.0-1.6) were associated with VI. Being educated (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.3-0.6) and using glasses (OR 0.3; 95% CI 0.5-0.2) were found to provide protection; therefore, resulting in lower instances of VI. Cataract (62.7%) and uncorrected refractive errors (27.1%) were the two main causes of VI. The eCSC was 35.1%, the eREC for distance was 40.0%, and the eREC for near was 35.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VI remains a challenge in Odisha, as the prevalence is high and the surgical coverage is poor. Nearly 90% of VI is avoidable indicating that targeted interventions are required to address this problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"182-191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10172807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9523703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P100 Wave Latency and Amplitude in Visual Evoked Potential Records in Different Visual Quadrants of Normal Individuals.","authors":"Leila Mirzaee Saba,&nbsp;Hassan Hashemi,&nbsp;Ebrahim Jafarzadehpour,&nbsp;Ali Mirzajani,&nbsp;Abbasali Yekta,&nbsp;Abolfazl Jafarzadehpour,&nbsp;Arghavan Zarei,&nbsp;Payam Nabovati,&nbsp;Mehdi Khabazkhoob","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Assessment of the pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) responses in different areas of visual fields in individuals with normal vision.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted on 80 eyes of normal subjects aged 18-35 years. All participants underwent refraction and visual acuity examination. Visual evoked potential (VEP) responses were recorded in different areas of field. The repeated measure test was used to compare the P100 latency and amplitude of PVEP among different areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The repeated measures analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference among different areas in terms of amplitude and latency of P100 (<i>P</i> = 0.002 and <i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001, respectively). According to the results, the highest and lowest amplitude of P100 was observed in inferior-nasal and superior areas, respectively. The highest and lowest latency of P100 was related to the temporal and inferior-nasal areas, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study partially revealed the details of local PVEP distribution in the visual field and there was a significant difference in the amplitude and latency of PVEP wave in different areas of the visual field.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10172794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9523700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal Function following Fluorescein Angiography in Diabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Nazanin Ebrahimiadib,&nbsp;Shaghayegh Hadavand Mirzaei,&nbsp;Hamid Riazi-Esfahani,&nbsp;Manouchehr Amini","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v18i2.13183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effect of fluorescein dye usage on renal function in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Diabetic patients with retinopathy who were candidate for fundus fluorescein angiography (FA) were evaluated for serum creatinine and urea levels within five days prior to performing the FA. Serum creatinine levels of 1.5 mg/dl or more in males and 1.4 mg/dl or more in females were both identified as CKD and were included in the study. An increase of 0.5 mg/dl or 25% in creatinine after FA was considered as contrast-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was also calculated for all patients using a CKD-Epi formula. CKD grading was determined based on eGFR values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-two patients agreed to participate, of which 23 (54.8%) were male. Seventeen patients were identified with grade 3a or lower CKD, 12 with grade 3b, 11 with grade 4, and two with grade 5 CKD. Considering all grades of CKD, the mean blood urea before and after angiography was 58.48 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 26.7 and 57 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 27.81 mg/dl, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.475). The mean serum creatinine before and after the test was 1.89 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 1.04 and 1.87<math><mo>±</mo></math>0.99 mg/dl, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.993). The mean eGFR before and after the test was 44.024 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 23.5447 and 43.850 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 21.8581 mL/min/1.73 m² <i>(P = 0.</i>875).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the findings of this study, FA does not seem to further deteriorate kidney function in patients with diabetic associated CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"170-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10172804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9523701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}