Journal of Neural Transmission最新文献

{"title":"The sex-specific relationship of ghrelin and cognition in Chinese han first-episode drug-naive major depressive disorder.","authors":"Chuhao Zhang, Yuan Liu, Ying Gao, Meijuan Li, Yeqing Dong, Xueying Liu, Jie Li","doi":"10.1007/s00702-025-02880-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00702-025-02880-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In major depressive disorder (MDD), alterations in ghrelin levels and cognitive impairment coexist, yet their association has remained largely elusive. This study aimed to investigate the association between ghrelin levels and cognition in both MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) while also exploring sex-specific differences in this correlation. A total of 155 Chinese Han subjects, including 90 first-episode drug-naive MDD patients and 65 HCs, were enrolled. Ghrelin levels were measured using ELISA kits, and neurocognitive assessments were conducted using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). MDD patients exhibited significantly higher ghrelin levels and lower cognitive scores of RBANS compared to HCs. However, there was no significant correlation between ghrelin levels and cognitive function in both MDD patients and HCs. Exploratory analyses revealed sex-specific associations between ghrelin and cognitive function, particularly in MDD patients. Females with MDD showed distinct patterns of association between ghrelin levels and cognitive domains such as attention and language, which were not observed in healthy controls or male MDD patients. The relationship between ghrelin and cognition only existed in MDD patients, not in the HCs, and there was a sex-specific difference in this association. Further research on the mechanism of ghrelin in the cognitive function of MDD should focus on sex differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":"699-707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of circadian gene activity in fibroblasts from ADHD patients through Rosiglitazone: a pilot study.","authors":"Monica Grigore, Andrei Gresita, D M Hermann, Thorsten R Doeppner, Victor Gheorman, Daniela Glavan, Aurel Popa-Wagner","doi":"10.1007/s00702-025-02883-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00702-025-02883-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequently observed condition, with about 70% of individuals diagnosed with ADHD experiencing irregular sleep-wake patterns. Beyond the primary symptoms of ADHD, there is a significant overlap with sleep-related issues, indicating that disrupted sleep patterns may exacerbate ADHD symptoms. ADHD-related sleep problems can be traced to a delayed circadian rhythm and a later onset of melatonin production. Therefore, normalizing circadian rhythms has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders. Recent animal studies have provided compelling evidence linking peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a key regulator of energy metabolism, to the regulation of physiological and behavioral rhythms. In this study, we hypothesized that treating fibroblasts from ADHD patients, which exhibit disturbances in circadian rhythmicity that are replicated in peripheral fibroblasts, with rosiglitazone may restore their circadian rhythmicity to that of the controls. To this end, we used cultures of fibroblasts obtained from skin biopsy explants of ADHD patients and controls and investigated the temporal patterns of clock gene expression over a period of 24 h. We report that the administration of the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone significantly realigns the chronobiological patterns of ADHD patient samples and control groups by inducing phase shifts in the expression of the BMAL1, PER3, and CRY1 clock genes. Nevertheless, rosiglitazone showed limited impact on the amplitude and phase of CLOCK1, NPAS2, and PER1. No notable changes were observed in PER2 and PER3 gene expression. The data from cultured human dermal fibroblasts indicate that PPARγ-agonists may help regulate circadian molecular mechanisms. Given the shared genetic pathways between ADHD and obesity, future studies could investigate the potential of RSG as a treatment for circadian rhythm disorders, particularly in obese patients with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":"709-721"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug interactions in a sample of inpatients diagnosed with cannabis use disorder.","authors":"Martin Schulze Westhoff, Christina Massarou, Stefan Bleich, Johannes Heck, Konstantin Fritz Jendretzky, Alexander Glahn, Sebastian Schröder","doi":"10.1007/s00702-025-02884-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00702-025-02884-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The majority of patients with cannabis use disorder (CUD) regularly take medication. Cannabinoids influence metabolism of some commonly prescribed drugs. However, little is known about the characteristics and frequency of potential cannabis-drug (CDIs) and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in patients with CUD. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of drug interactions in patients with CUD during inpatient treatment on an addiction-specific ward over a six-year-period. To this aim, medication charts were analyzed and screened for potential CDIs and DDIs. Herein, the drugs.com classification for potential CDIs and UpToDate Lexicomp program for potential DDIs were utilized. The study cohort consisted of 301 patient cases, predominantly male (85.0%), with a median age of 37 years. 89.4% (269/301) of all cases involved were taking at least one drug that could potentially interact with cannabis. Levomethadone, buprenorphine and morphine were the most common drugs involved in potentially serious CDIs. In addition, 196 DDIs were identified, of which 25.5% were classified as 'avoid combination' and 74.5% as 'consider therapy modification'. Hereby, combinations of levomethadone with other psychotropic drugs most frequently accounted for potentially severe and mild DDIs. The results of our study indicate that especially patients diagnosed with CUD also receiving opioid substitution therapy are at risk for potential drug interactions. Therefore, a clinical monitoring of vigilance and respiratory function should be applied during inpatient treatment. Routine use of interaction check tools in patients diagnosed with CUD should also be considered by healthcare providers. In addition, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) should be used to increase medication safety in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":"723-730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enigmatic intractable Epilepsy patients have antibodies that bind glutamate receptor peptides, kill neurons, damage the brain, and cause Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizures.","authors":"Rhoda Olowe Taiwo, Hadassa Sterm Goldberg, Nili Ilouz, Prince Kumar Singh, Tawfeeq Shekh-Ahmad, Mia Levite","doi":"10.1007/s00702-024-02855-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00702-024-02855-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epilepsy affects 1-2% of the world population, is enigmatic in 30% of cases, and is often intractable, unresponsive to antiepileptic drugs, and accompanied by cognitive, psychiatric and behavioral problems. Tests for Autoimmune Epilepsy are not performed routinely, and limited to passive diagnosis of known autoimmune antibodies, without essential functional tests to reveal active pathogenic antibodies. We investigated two young Epilepsy patients with different Epilepsy characteristics, repeated intractable seizures, and enigmatic etiology. We suspected Autoimmune Epilepsy. We found that both patients have elevated IgG antibodies, and three types of glutamate receptor antibodies, to: AMPA-GluR3B, NMDA-NR1 and NMDA-NR2 peptides. In contrast, they lack autoantibodies to: LGI1, CASPR2, GABA-RB1, Amphiphysin, CV2, PNMA1, Ri, Yo, Hu, Recoverin, Soxi and Titin. IgG antibodies of both patients bound and killed human neural cells In vitro. Moreover, In vivo video EEG studies in naive rats revealed that patient's IgG antibodies, infused continually into rat brain, bound neural cells in the hippocampus and cortex, caused neural loss in these brain regions, and induced recurrent Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizures. We assume they can do so also in the patient's brain. This is the first model of human Autoimmune Epilepsy in rats. It can serve for discovery of patient's pathogenic antibodies, and drug development. Tests for autoimmune antibodies that bind glutamate receptor peptides, and functional diagnostic tests, are obligatory in all enigmatic intractable Epilepsy patients. Current diagnosis of Autoimmune Epilepsy is insufficient! If pathogenic antibodies are found, intractable patients must receive available, suitable and potentially life-changing immunotherapies for Autoimmune Epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":"663-688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parkinson´s day-clinic: which patients should be selected and what services should be offered for successful therapy?","authors":"C Buhmann, E Kalbe, I Claus, R Hilker-Roggendorf, T Müller, C W Ip, U Wüllner, R Krüger","doi":"10.1007/s00702-025-02923-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-025-02923-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The demographic development and the advance of intensified yet time and personnel-intensive therapeutic options constitute increasing challenges for the care of people with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Often, the multitude of motor and non-motor symptoms cannot be adequately addressed in an ambulatory setting The concept of a Parkinson's day clinic has been put forward to meet the requirements for these patients who not necessarily require the full medical support of an inpatient treatment and was included into the Parkinson's guidelines of the German Neurological Society as a novel and promising medical care model. While the guidelines put forward some recommendations as to which patients are most likely to benefit from treatment in a Parkinson's day clinic, it has not yet been decided which infrastructural, operational, personnel and qualitative requirements such a setting should provide. Here we provide recommendations on the basis of an expert consensus as to which patients will particularly benefit from treatment in a Parkinson´s day clinic and which services such a day clinic should address in order to provide successful therapy. Furthermore we suggest a standard operating procedure (SOP) and we give examples of patients who are suitable for treatment in a Parkinson´s day clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological, neuroendocrine and inflammatory stress responses in women after miscarriage or stillbirth: investigating early psychobiological adaptations to potential traumatic events.","authors":"Luis Gerber, Markus M Müller, Alexandra Oender, Sophia Urbanczyk, Peter Radermacher, Cosima Brucker, Barbara Stein, Christiane Waller, Nicolas Rohleder","doi":"10.1007/s00702-025-02927-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-025-02927-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Miscarriage (MC) and stillbirth (SB) can be considered as potentially traumatic events (PTE) and affect approximately 10-20% of all pregnancies. PTEs can lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While the psychobiology of PTSD is well-understood, our knowledge on psychobiological adaptations shortly after a PTE is limited. This study aimed to shed light on early psychobiological changes associated with MC and SB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 25 women who had experienced a MC/SB within the previous three months and compared them with 28 healthy control women. All participants were asked to attend a study appointment, during which they participated in a socially evaluated cold-pressor test (SECPT) to induce psychosocial stress. Saliva and blood samples were collected at rest, immediately and at 20, 45 and 90 min after the SECPT. We determined salivary cortisol levels and α-amylase (sAA) activity, and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations. We assessed symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression using self-report questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women who had experienced MC or SB reported significantly more symptoms of PTSD (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.001), when compared to the control group. Despite elevated psychological distress in the MC/SB group, there were no significant differences of salivary cortisol, sAA and IL-6 levels between the two groups at rest or after SECPT induced stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the high psychological strain on women after MC/SB, the stress is not yet reflected at a biological level. These results highlight the complex relationship between early trauma, PTSD symptoms, and biological responses. Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of trauma related to MC/SB, and the development of PTSD, as well as the underlying mechanisms contributing to the observed psychological and biological changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vital nutrition: enhancing health in advanced Parkinson's disease with device-aided therapies.","authors":"Onanong Phokaewvarangkul, Ioanna Markaki, Harmen R Moes, Igor Petrovic, Anette Schrag, Roongroj Bhidayasiri","doi":"10.1007/s00702-025-02935-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-025-02935-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) face a variety of nutritional challenges, including dysphagia, malnutrition, impaired absorption, gastrointestinal issues, and adverse drug interactions, in addition to body weight fluctuations. These challenges are especially significant for those utilising device-aided therapies (DATs), requiring personalised management strategies. Integrating dietitians into the multidisciplinary team (MDT) is vital for optimising nutrition, enhancing medication efficacy, and managing symptoms. This paper outlines strategies for supporting advanced PD patients using DATs, highlighting the critical role of dietitian assessments. Although there is no one-size-fits-all solution, dietary interventions are essential for improving motor function, preventing complications, and promoting overall health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sphingolipidoses: expanding the spectrum of α-synucleinopathies.","authors":"Daniel Erskine, Agnieszka K Bronowska, Tiago F Outeiro, Johannes Attems","doi":"10.1007/s00702-025-02925-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-025-02925-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although α-synuclein pathology is typically associated with Lewy body diseases and multiple systems atrophy, increasing evidence indicates that it also occurs in a group of lysosomal storage disorders termed sphingolipidoses caused by the incomplete degradation, and subsequent accumulation, of a class of lipids termed sphingolipids. Notably, a number of genes that cause sphingolipidoses are also risk genes for Lewy body diseases, suggesting aetiological links between these distinct disorders. In the present review, we discuss the sphingolipidoses in which α-synuclein pathology has been reported: Gaucher disease, Krabbe disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, Tay-Sachs disease and Anderson-Fabry disease, and describe the characteristic clinical and pathological features of these disorders, in addition to the evidence suggesting α-synuclein pathology occurs in these disorders. Finally, we evaluate the pathological mechanisms that underlie these rare disorders, with particular attention to how the enzymatic deficiency, substrate accumulation, or both, could contribute to the genesis of α-synuclein pathology and the implications of this for Lewy body diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-occurrence of parkinson disease and multiple sclerosis - a critical note.","authors":"Kurt A Jellinger","doi":"10.1007/s00702-025-02922-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-025-02922-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with various movement disorders, in particular tremor and ataxia, its combination with parkinsonism is rare and co-occurrence of MS and Parkinson disease (PD) has been reported in only few definite cases. Theories about this co-occurrence range from coincidental to causal, but the true prevalence, basic features and causal relations between the two entities have not been systemically evaluated. Although there are cases of causal relationship between parkinsonism and MS related to demyelinating lesions affecting the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway, in a limited number of cases, PD (some gene-mediated) and MS may coexist as two separate diseases in the same patients. The prevalence of MS in LRRK2 PD, while rare, supports an important role for immune function in both disorders, while the role of PD-related PINK is still open. Furthermore, several common genes such as BACE2, CD69, CLC, CPA3 and DEFAs may play important roles in MS and PD, while MS and PD share iron accumulation in substantia nigra, which may be due to protein-protein interaction networks related to metal homeostasis. In view of the various pathogenic possibilities, the causal relationship of concurring MS and PD deserves critical consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging in multiple system atrophy: clinical implications and novel developments.","authors":"Wolfgang H Jost, Alexander Rau, Joachim Brumberg, Horst Urbach, Philipp T Meyer, Nils Schröter","doi":"10.1007/s00702-025-02921-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-025-02921-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebellar dysfunction, a Parkinsonian syndrome with poor response to levodopa and autonomic failure. The diagnosis of MSA is particularly challenging in its early stages due to symptom overlap with other neurodegenerative Parkinson syndromes. Recent advances in neuroimaging have greatly improved the accuracy of the diagnosis in clinical routine and provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology and progression of MSA. Macrostructural MRI shows atrophy in regions such as the putamen and pontocerebellar regions, distinguishing MSA from other Parkinson syndromes. Advanced imaging techniques, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), free water imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping, add further value in assessing disease progression. While dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging is the mainstay for confirmation of nigrostriatal degeneration in suspected neurodegenerative Parkinson syndromes and may enable to identify prodromal cases, cardiac sympathetic imaging with [123I]MIBG scintigraphy may be used for delineation of MSA from Parkinson's disease (PD). Positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose analogue [¹⁸F]FDG depicts disease-specific metabolic patterns in MSA and various neurodegenerative diseases, which do not only enable a highly accurate differential diagnosis of MSA (e.g., from PD and other atypical Parkinson syndromes) but also carry important prognostic and pathophysiological information. Various other PET radiopharmaceuticals currently under investigation in MSA provide novel insights into neurotransmitter system changes, glial pathology and, most recently, α-synuclein pathology. These imaging modalities considerably expand the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities in MSA and may provide important biomarkers for tracking disease development, progression and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}