Journal of Neural Transmission最新文献

{"title":"Nutritional and dietary clinical trials for Parkinson's disease: a narrative review.","authors":"Alexandros Giannakis, Maria Chondrogiorgi, Spiridon Konitsiotis, Christos Sidiropoulos","doi":"10.1007/s00702-025-02901-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-025-02901-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to review clinical trials investigating dietary or nutritional interventions for Parkinson's Disease (PD) and identify potential research gaps. A PubMed search yielded 3378 results, and after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 38 studies were selected. Of these, 13 focused on interventions with potential neuroprotective effects against PD, 18 examined symptom improvement, and 7 explored their relationship to antiparkinsonian medication. Most studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and demonstrated promising results. However, they were often limited by small sample sizes and short durations. Large-scale, double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs are necessary to further investigate the effects of dietary and nutritional interventions in PD. Other nutrients with promising results in preclinical research should be further evaluated in clinical trials. Moreover, research should prioritize dietary pattern interventions, like the Mediterranean and ketogenic diets, while closely monitoring patient adherence to these approaches. Lastly, future research should further explore the role of gut microbiota and its potential pathogenic involvement in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical neurovascular coupling through cerebrovascular reserve and cognitive function.","authors":"Mami Ishikawa, Takashi Kobari, Taiki Ishikawa, Gen Kusaka","doi":"10.1007/s00702-025-02905-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-025-02905-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurovascular coupling ensures that cerebral blood flow (CBF) is proportionally matched to neural activity. In patients with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, this may be clinically assessed through multiple regression analysis with cognitive function and the cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) as key factors. Cognitive function (based on neuropsychological testing using the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination [COGNISTAT]) and cerebrovascular risk factors, including CBF, CVR (as evaluated using N-isopropyl-p-¹²³I-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography with acetazolamide challenge), and periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) grade, were investigated in 65 patients with steno-occlusive disease of a main cerebral artery. Multiple regression analysis was performed between COGNISTAT scores and other factors in 41 patients with a vascular mild cognitive impairment pattern on COGNISTAT and a proportionally variable CVR range. Additionally, we examined subgroups based on HbA1c, PVH grade, and lipid values, as well as 10 patients who underwent anastomosis surgery. The multiple regression analysis of COGNISTAT scores and CVR showed statistically significant relationships in the 41 patients and all subgroups (adjusted R² > 0.45). The high HbA1c and high PVH grade groups exhibited lower standardized partial regression coefficients (SPRCs) for CVR compared with the lower groups (0.187, 0.203 vs. 0.230, 0.254, respectively). After anastomosis surgery, both COGNISTAT scores and CVR significantly improved while their relationship was maintained (SPRC = 0.224, p = 0.0092, adjusted R² = 0.457). A significant regression relationship was found between cognitive function and CVR, indicating a potential causal relationship based on clinical neurovascular coupling function that may vary depending on HbA1c level and PVH grade.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botulinum toxin effects on biochemical biomarkers related to inflammation-associated head and neck chronic conditions: a systematic review of clinical research.","authors":"Ines Novo Pereira, Sara Durão, Haidar Hassan, Ana Cristina Braga, André Mariz Almeida, Ana Cristina Manso, Ricardo Faria-Almeida, Giancarlo De la Torre Canales","doi":"10.1007/s00702-024-02869-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-024-02869-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT) has emerged as a potential alternative to conventional therapies to many debilitating chronic diseases characterised by inflammatory states. However, the biological rationale remains ambiguous. Our review aimed to systematically assessed which biochemical biomarkers have been reported in clinical research to evaluate BoNT analgesic and mood-lifting effects in head and neck chronic conditions related to inflammation. We searched databases and registries between inception and September 29, 2023. Of the nine included studies, there were concerns about risk of bias for six studies. The leading biomarker with five studies was the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), followed by serotonin with two studies. Oxidative stress biomarkers were only reported in one study. Several important players in inflammatory processes and different immune cell classes have been evaluated in four studies. There was only one trial measuring changes in beta Tubulin and SNAP-25, and another study evaluating cutaneous neuropeptide substance-P. After BoNT, a significant effect was reported in six studies, including decrease in plasma levels of CGRP in chronic migraine and trigeminal neuralgia; serotonin decrease when collected from human tears in refractory intractable dry eye disease and increase in peripheral blood platelets in painful cervical dystonia associated to depression and anxiety; decrease in plasma concentration of markers of oxidative damage to proteins and increase in biomarkers for antioxidant power; decrease in expression of gene sets involved in inflammatory pathways and immune cells classes in the periosteum and metalloproteinase-9 molecule in the tears. BoNT seems to affect some biomarkers present in chronic inflammatory conditions. However, the certainty evidence found was very low to moderate. This study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023432131).</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A structured framework for emotion-cognition dynamics: Implications for assessment and intervention.","authors":"Vahid Nejati","doi":"10.1007/s00702-025-02903-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-025-02903-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents a novel framework for understanding the interaction between cognitive and emotional processes, recognizing the complex and dynamic relationship between these two constructs. The framework categorizes cognitive functions into four distinct categories: Cold Cognition, Hot Cognition, Warm Cognition, and Cool Cognition. By distinguishing between the style of processing (intuitive vs. analytical) and the content of information (emotional vs. non-emotional), the framework provides a model for both assessment and intervention. For assessment, it helps categorize cognitive and emotional processes, enabling targeted evaluations based on specific processing styles and content. For interventions, it supports the development of training programs that address processing styles in relation to the target function, improving the effectiveness of therapeutic and developmental strategies. Overall, this framework has the potential to advance both theoretical understanding and practical applications in cognitive and emotional assessment and training.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of inflammatory biomarker levels in neurodegenerative proteinopathies: a case-control study.","authors":"Sarah E V Cook, Kateřina Menšíková, Dorota Koníčková, Hedvika Šlanhofová, Kateřina Klíčová, Milan Raška, Jana Zapletalová, David Friedecký, Petr Kaňovský","doi":"10.1007/s00702-025-02902-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-025-02902-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While diagnostic criteria have been established and validated for most neurodegenerative diseases, the considerable overlap between individual nosological entities remains a significant diagnostic challenge. Increasing evidence suggests that neurodegeneration is often initiated by inflammation within the central nervous system. The identification of inflammation could serve as a first signal of the pathophysiological process. As such, validated biological markers (\"biomarkers\") of neuroinflammation are critically important. This study aimed to assess the presence and levels of inflammatory biomarkers in three neurodegenerative diseases: Lewy body diseases (LBD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and 4-repeat tauopathies (4RT). A total of 83 LBD, 24 MSA, and 31 4RT patients were included, with 83 control subjects for comparison. Six immune-related proteins were analysed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood serum (serum): C3 complement, C4 complement, haptoglobin, transferrin, orosomucoid, and β2 microglobulin (β2M). ANCOVA statistical analysis revealed significantly lower levels of several inflammatory biomarkers in LBD (CSF: transferrin, C3 complement, orosomucoid; Serum: orosomucoid, β2M) and MSA (CSF: transferrin, C3 complement, C4 complement, orosomucoid) compared to controls. Significant differences were also observed between the synucleinopathy patient groups (LBD and MSA) and 4RT in serum levels of C3 complement. Additionally, the CSF/serum quotients for transferrin (LBD and MSA) and C3 complement (LBD) were significantly lower in disease relative to controls. These findings suggest that inflammatory processes may play a role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative proteinopathies, warranting further research to confirm these associations. The identification of potential fluid biomarkers would then represent a promising step forward in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Action impulsivity and attention deficits in patients at an early stage of Huntington disease.","authors":"Sacha Brohée, Stephan Grimaldi, Laure Spieser, Nathalie Baril, Thierry Hasbroucq, Frédérique Fluchere, Jean-Philippe Azulay, Franck Vidal, Marianne Vaugoyeau","doi":"10.1007/s00702-025-02888-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-025-02888-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by a combination of motor, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric impairments. Among them, impulsivity and attention deficits are clinical features usually described in HD, impacting the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. Twenty early-stage HD patients (PHD) and 20 age and gender-matched control participants (CP) performed a \"Simon\" reaction time (RT) task allowing us to explore action impulsivity and attention deficits. Surface EMG recordings aimed at revealing the presence and characterizing the nature of impulsivity in PHD. Correlational analyses between error rates or chronometric data, and clinical or neuropsychological data were examined. (1) Analysis of the accuracy and EMG patterns revealed no difference between PHD and CP, indicating absence of motor impulsivity at the early stage of HD. (2) Chronometric indices revealed a general slowing of information processing in PHD, involving central information processing but sparing the latest stages of motor execution, consistent with performed correlational analysis. (3) Sequential analysis of RT patterns showed a failure to allocate attention appropriately. These indices of attentional deficits nicely correlated with performance in neuropsychological tests exploring attentional processes. (1) Central information processing slows down at the early stage of HD but the latest steps of motor execution are unaffected. (2) In the progression of HD, attentional deficits typically should appear first among dysexecutive problems, without significant action impulsivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation in treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD): a systematic review and transfer analysis.","authors":"Vahid Nejati, Azin Sarraj Khorrami, Zahra S Vaziri, Fatemeh Shahri, Maryam Yazdchi, Vahid Abdolmanafi, Saeed Paydarfard, Aida Golshan","doi":"10.1007/s00702-024-02852-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00702-024-02852-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to analyze the transferability of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) interventions in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) based on the FIELD model (Function, Implementation, Ecology, Level, and Duration), encompassing function, implement, ecology, level, and duration. A systematic search of electronic databases yielded a total of 21 eligible studies, comprising 12 transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and 9 transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) trials, involving 1029 individuals with MDD. The meta-analysis of effect sizes revealed positive transfer effects across all domains of the FIELD model, suggesting that NIBS interventions have potential efficacy in improving various facets of MDD. The subgroup analysis highlighted that bilateral dlPFC stimulation exhibited the highest effect size for transferability, indicating greater transferability for rTMS, a higher dose of stimulation, and the integration of additional interventions. Additionally, the study discusses the implications of bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) stimulation and the integration of complementary therapies for optimizing treatment efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":"369-385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional near-infrared spectroscopy and vagus somatosensory evoked potentials add to the power of established parameters such as poor cognitive performance, dsyosmia and APOe genotype to predict cognitive decline over 8 years in the elderly.","authors":"Martin J Herrmann, Alexandra Wuttke, Linda Breuninger, Judith Eff, Sophia Ettlinger, Matthias Fischer, Andrea Götzelmann, Annika Gram, Laura D Pomper, Evelyn Schneider, Lisa Schwitalla, Niklas Siminski, Fabian Spielmann, Erik Weinmann, Viona Weyel, Julia B M Zeller, Martin Lauer, Jürgen Deckert, Thomas Polak","doi":"10.1007/s00702-024-02859-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00702-024-02859-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's dementia is the main cause of cognitive impairment in people over the age of 65, with Alzheimer's disease starting presumably 10-15 years before the onset of clinical symptoms. It is therefore important to recognize dementia at an early stage and identify possible predictors. The existing methods, like different parameters of ß-Amyloid and Tau quantification in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or the living brain by measure of PET, are invasive and expensive. Therefore, the present study investigates the predictive value of a battery of clinical, neuropsychological, and blood parameters as well as two neurophysiological methods (functional near-infrared spectroscopy [fNIRS] and vagus somatosensory evoked potentials [VSEP]) which are easy to perform, less invasive and cost-efficient, for developing cognitive impairments in the elderly.In this longitudinal, prospective study, we enrolled 604 healthy participants between 70 and 77 years of age. The participants were invited back after a mean time interval of 3 years and 11 months, and after 7 years and 8 months, and their cognitive impairments were determined.Here we show that the development of cognitive impairments after approximately 8 years can be predicted not only by previously known risk factors such as ApoE4 risk alleles, dysosmia, or poor cognitive performance at baseline but that latency prolongation in the VSEP and altered functional activation patterns measured by NIRS at baseline also provide additional predictive value.We therefore suggest that both neurophysiological parameters, VSEP and NIRS, should be included in future studies, investigating the prediction of dementia. Dementia ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02224326.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":"455-468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subtle bradykinesia features are easier to identify and more prevalent than questionable dystonia in essential tremor.","authors":"Giulia Paparella, Luca Angelini, Valentina Cannizzo, Simone Aloisio, Adriana Martini, Daniele Birreci, Davide Costa, Martina De Riggi, Antonio Cannavacciuolo, Matteo Bologna","doi":"10.1007/s00702-024-02861-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00702-024-02861-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Essential tremor (ET) is characterized by upper limbs action tremor, sometimes extending to other body parts. However, ET can present with additional neurological features known as \"soft signs.\" These signs of uncertain clinical significance are not sufficient to suggest an alternative neurological diagnosis, and include, among others, questionable dystonia and subtle voluntary movement alterations, i.e., bradykinesia and related features. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and relationship between questionable dystonia and subtle bradykinesia features in ET. Forty ET patients were video-recorded during clinical examination. Five movement disorder experts reviewed the videos to identify soft motor signs, i.e., dystonia and movement alterations during finger-tapping namely, (i) bradykinesia (reduced velocity), (ii) dysrhythmia, and (iii) sequence effect. Inter-rater agreement was quantified using the Fleiss' Kappa index. Data analysis was performed using nonparametric tests. We found a fair inter-rater agreement for upper limb dystonia (Fleiss' K = 0.27). Inter-rater agreement was higher (moderate) for head dystonia (Fleiss' K = 0.49) and finger-tapping assessment (Fleiss' K = 0.45). Upper limb dystonia was identified in 70% of patients, head dystonia in 35%, and finger-tapping alterations (in variable combinations) were observed in 95% of individuals (P < 0.001 by Fisher's exact test), including subtle bradykinesia and related features. No significant concordance or correlation was found between the soft signs. Subtle bradykinesia and related features are the most easily identifiable and frequent soft signs in ET, appearing in a higher percentage of patients than subtle dystonia. These findings provide insights into the clinical and pathophysiological understanding of ET.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":"443-454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mild cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: current view.","authors":"Kurt A Jellinger","doi":"10.1007/s00702-024-02850-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00702-024-02850-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal multi-system neurodegenerative disorder with no effective treatment or cure. Although primarily characterized by motor degeneration, cognitive dysfunction is an important non-motor symptom that has a negative impact on patient and caregiver burden. Mild cognitive deficits are present in a subgroup of non-demented patients with ALS, often preceding motor symptoms. Detailed neuropsychological assessments reveal deficits in a variety of cognitive domains, including those of verbal fluency and retrieval, language, executive function, attention and verbal memory. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a risk factor for developing dementia, affects between 10% and over 50% of ALS patients. Neuroimaging revealed atrophy of frontal and temporal cortices, disordered white matter Integrity, volume reduction in amygdala and thalamus, hypometabolism in the frontal and superior temporal gyrus and anterior insula. Neuronal loss in non-motor brain areas, associated with TDP-43 deposition, one of the morphological hallmarks of ALS, is linked to functional disruption of frontostriatal and frontotemporo-limbic connectivities as markers for cognitive deficits in ALS, the pathogenesis of which is still poorly understood. Early diagnosis by increased cerebrospinal fluid or serum levels of neurofilament light/heavy chain or glial fibrillary acidic protein awaits confirmation for MCI in ALS. These fluid biomarkers and early detection of brain connectivity signatures before structural changes will be helpful not only in establishing early premature diagnosis but also in clarifying the pathophysiological mechanisms of MCI in ALS, which might serve as novel targets for prohibition/delay and future adequate treatment of this debilitating disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":16579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neural Transmission","volume":" ","pages":"357-368"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}