Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine最新文献

{"title":"Prognostic Utility of Pro-Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance in Preterm Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Insights into Disease Severity and Developmental Outcomes.","authors":"Hassan Boskabadi, Azadeh Darabi, Javad Mohamadi Taze Abadi, Fatemeh Bagheri","doi":"10.1177/19345798261483254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19345798261483254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundOxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm neonates. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) assay provides an integrated measure of oxidative status; however, its association with RDS severity and long-term outcomes remains incompletely defined. This study aimed to evaluate PAB in preterm infants with and without RDS and to investigate its association with disease severity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and neurodevelopmental outcomes during a 2-year follow-up.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, 300 preterm neonates (26-34 weeks' gestation), including 137 with RDS and 163 controls, were enrolled at the neonatal intensive care unit of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. PAB levels were measured in umbilical cord blood collected at birth using the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-based assay described by Alamdari et al. Clinical severity, short-term outcomes including BPD, and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months of corrected age assessed using the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (Denver II) were evaluated. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between PAB levels and clinical outcomes. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was diagnosed according to the criteria described in Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was defined as oxygen dependency at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age according to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) criteria.ResultsNeonates with RDS had significantly higher PAB levels than controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Higher PAB levels were significantly associated with greater disease severity. Elevated PAB levels were also significantly associated with abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months (<i>p</i> = 0.013). PAB levels increased progressively across disease severity categories, ranging from 11.58 in controls to 93.77 in neonates with RDS complicated by BPD.ConclusionElevated PAB levels at birth were significantly associated with greater RDS severity and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm neonates. PAB may represent a promising adjunctive biomarker for early risk stratification; however, its clinical utility requires validation in larger multicenter prospective studies before routine clinical implementation can be recommended. These findings should be interpreted cautiously because only univariate analyses were performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"19345798261483254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148990288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventability and contributing factors in neonatal deaths in protracted refugee camp settings: A five-year audit among Syrian refugees in Jordan.","authors":"Iyad Shtaiyat, Yousef Khader, Muhammad Fawad, Mohannad Al Nsour, Mohammad Abu Khadair","doi":"10.1177/19345798261489879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19345798261489879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundIndividual-level death audits can identify modifiable failures that routine mortality statistics miss. We analyzed 5 years of neonatal death audits from the Zaatari and Azraq refugee camps to characterize health-system delays, contributing factors, and preventability.MethodsThis individual-level analysis included 177 audited neonatal deaths from January 1, 2021, through December 31, 2025. Structured audits used caregiver interviews, maternal and neonatal records, antenatal care (ANC) cards, and provider discussions, followed by sequential independent clinical review and UNHCR validation. Contributing factors were organized using an adapted Three Delays operational taxonomy, and preventability was assigned through the audit review and adjudication process.ResultsConcurrent Delay 1 and Delay 3 factors were recorded in 164 deaths (92.7%). Although 99.4% of mothers received ANC, suboptimal ANC was documented in 70.6% of audited deaths, poor management of high-risk pregnancy in 57.6%, and clinician non-adherence to standards in 46.3%. Term neonates accounted for 30.1% of deaths and normal-birth-weight neonates for 30.4%. Seventy-four deaths (41.8%) were classified as definitely preventable, 60 (33.9%) as probably preventable, and 43 (24.3%) as possibly preventable; no deaths were classified as unlikely or not preventable.ConclusionsNear-universal ANC attendance coexisted with frequent audit-identified deficiencies in ANC and high-risk pregnancy management, highlighting an access-quality gap. Three-quarters of audited deaths were classified as definitely or probably preventable through the audit process. These findings identify priorities for quality improvement but do not establish causal effects or the comparative impact of quality versus service coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"19345798261489879"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensive versus comfort-focused care in neonates with trisomy 18: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Laura Fonseca Queiroz, Maria Julia Lemos, Berenice Curi-Pesantes, Iaci Luisa Lopes de Mattos, Bruna Benigna Sales Armstrong, Antonio Hernandez Ruano, Rodrigo Ruano","doi":"10.1177/19345798261490120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19345798261490120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo evaluate whether intensive neonatal interventions improve survival outcomes compared with comfort-focused care in neonates with Trisomy 18.Study designWe conducted a systematic review and pairwise meta-analysis of observational studies reporting outcomes for neonates with Trisomy 18 receiving either intensive or comfort-focused care. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register up to March 2026. Outcomes included mean survival days and 1-year survival as primary outcomes, and gestational age at delivery as a secondary exploratory outcome.ResultsFive observational studies including 211 patients were analyzed (133 received intensive care, and 78 received comfort-focused care). Pooled analyses showed no statistically significant differences between groups for mean survival days (MD -225.53 days; 95% CI -776.85 to 325.79), 1-year survival (RR 1.12; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.40), or gestational age at birth (MD -0.28 weeks; 95% CI -1.69 to 1.13).ConclusionDespite the absence of a demonstrated survival benefit of intensive neonatal interventions over non-intensive care in Trisomy 18, the findings should be interpreted cautiously given the small number of available studies, substantial clinical and statistical heterogeneity, and very low certainty of evidence. Findings highlight the importance of individualized, informed decision-making guided by prenatal counseling that integrates evidence-based outcomes and parental values. High-quality, multicenter prospective studies are needed to evaluate the impact of specific interventions and improve guidance for families and clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"19345798261490120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal role in sensory motor stimulation for oral feed establishment in preterm neonates: MSMS trial.","authors":"Rafia Gul, Saqib Aslam, Samer Fatima, Sidra Nayamat, Saher Gul Ahdi, Fizza Yaqoob","doi":"10.1177/19345798261483250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19345798261483250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe transition from gavage to full oral feeding is a critical and challenging milestone for preterm neonates. Sensory-motor stimulation (SMS) has been shown to improve feeding performance; however, evidence regarding mother-administered SMS remains limited.ObjectiveTo compare the maternal-administered versus nurse-administered sensory-motor stimulation on oral feeding outcomes in preterm neonates.MethodsThis prospective, single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit between March 2022 and September 2023. Clinically stable preterm neonates of 28 to 34 weeks of gestation were randomized to receive sensory-motor stimulation administered either by trained mothers (intervention group) or trained nurses (control group). The primary outcome was time to achieve full oral feeding. Secondary outcomes included feeding efficiency (Level 4 achievement), feeding proficiency (PRO), rate of transfer (RT), overall transfer (OT), coordinated suck-swallow-breathe (SSB) patterns, and adverse events. Time-to-event outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank testing, and Cox proportional hazards regression, with gestational age adjustment as a sensitivity analysis.ResultsOf 130 randomized neonates, 97 completed the study and were included the per-protocol analysis (experimental group, <i>n</i> = 49; control group, <i>n</i> = 48). Baseline maternal, neonatal, and feeding characteristics were comparable between groups. No significant between-group differences were observed in median time to achieve full oral feeding, RT, OT, PRO, feeding volumes, coordinated SSB patterns, or adverse events. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated similar time to full oral feeding trajectories between groups (log-rank p = 0.984). Cox regression analysis showed no significant association between intervention group and time to full oral feeding (hazard ratio 1.016, 95% CI 0.637-1.619; <i>p</i> = 0.948), with similar results after gestational age adjustment (adjusted HR 1.045, 95% CI 0.655-1.668; <i>p</i> = 0.854).ConclusionMaternal-administered SMS achieved feeding outcomes comparable to nurse-administered SMS in clinically stable preterm neonates. Although not powered for non-inferiority or equivalence, these findings support the feasibility of involving trained mothers in structured feeding interventions and justify larger trials evaluating family-centered neonatal care in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"19345798261483250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding and addressing bias in neonatal drug screening practices.","authors":"Megan Kalata, Alexandra Van Cleave, Lillian Eason, Mary Kate Eiden, Amrita Purkayastha, Sun Young Guwn, Meghan Fries, Lauren Seger, Emily Callahan","doi":"10.1177/19345798261483253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19345798261483253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundUrine drug screening (UDS) is commonly utilized to identify substance use during pregnancy and facilitate timely interventions aimed at mitigating adverse parental and neonatal outcomes. Current literature has demonstrated that UDS among pregnant patients is not uniformly applied across populations but less is known about screening practices among neonates. This study aimed to evaluate the demographics, clinical indications, documentation and disclosure practices, and outcomes associated with neonatal drug screening.MethodsA retrospective chart review was completed for neonates at one academic institution whose birthing parent had undergone UDS. Statistical methods to analyze this data included t-tests, calculated percentages, and chi square analysis to compare whether the independent variables evaluated affected screening decisions.ResultsOf 651 neonates of parents who completed a UDS during their pregnancy, 273 (42.5%) screens were positive. Amphetamine (36.8%) and cannabinoid (38.6%) accounted for the majority of positive substances. Neonatal race and ethnicity data showed that the overall racial distribution of neonatal drug screens obtained was proportional to the racial representation in the study's population. However, the proportion of patients screened in the study does not reflect the proportion of patients within each race and ethnicity found among the birthing population. The majority (97.8%) of drug screens obtained did not include documentation of parental consent.ConclusionsSystemic changes need to be made to ensure equitable screening protocols exist for neonatal drug screens as well as ensure parental consent and knowledge of screening results is documented.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"19345798261483253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonates with severe bronchiolitis: Our experience over the last 10 years.","authors":"Amaia Merino-Hernández, Agustín Muñoz-Cutillas, Susana Zeballos-Sarrato, Belén Bernardo-Atienza, Manuel Sánchez-Luna","doi":"10.1177/19345798261416360","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798261416360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundBronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants under 1 year of age. Although outcomes are generally good in neonates, preterm infants may experience rapid clinical deterioration and require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a rescue therapy.ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics and clinical outcomes of neonates requiring ECMO for acute bronchiolitis over the past decade.MethodsAn observational, retrospective, single-center study conducted in a level IIIC neonatal unit. All neonates admitted between 2013 and 2022 who required ECMO for bronchiolitis-related respiratory failure were included. Demographic, clinical, and outcome variables were analyzed.ResultsSix patients were included: five (83%) were preterm, with a median gestational age of 28.6 weeks (IQR 27.1-29.6). Respiratory syncytial virus was isolated in four patients, rhinovirus in one and influenza A in one. At ECMO initiation, median age was 48.5 days (IQR 34-120), median postmenstrual age was 38 weeks (IQR 35-41.8), and median weight was 2490 g (IQR 1800-2900). The median duration of ECMO was 14 days (IQR 9-24). Two patients (33%) died, both preterm with RSV infection. All survivors were followed up by pediatric pulmonologists and neurologists. Two required home oxygen, and three showed neurodevelopmental disorders.ConclusionIn our cohort, the two non-survivors were preterm, RSV positive, and required prolonged ECMO support. Among survivors, respiratory and neurodevelopmental complications were common, underscoring the need for structured long-term follow-up. Neurodevelopmental impairment was the most frequent sequela observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"547-554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time is brain: Impact of early intervention on neurodevelopment after Fetomaternal hemorrhage.","authors":"Tatiana Moreira, Madalena von Hafe, Susana Guimarães, Américo Gonçalves, Henrique Soares, Ana Vilan","doi":"10.1177/19345798261431205","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798261431205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundFetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is a rare but serious condition. Early recognition and intervention are critical to reduce morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical presentations, management strategies and outcomes associated with FMH.MethodsA retrospective case series (2009-2025) was conducted in a tertiary care hospital.ResultsTen mother-infant dyads were analyzed. All neonates presented with pallor and/or hypotonia and required intensive care. Hemoglobin ranged from 2.1-9.5 g/dL (median 4.2 g/dL). Four neonates received red blood cell transfusion within the first hour of life. One neonate underwent therapeutic hypothermia. Favorable neurological outcomes were observed in three of the four neonates transfused within the first hour; the most severe long-term sequelae occurred among those who received later transfusions. Placental pathology (five cases) revealed features suggestive of fetal anemia/hypoxic stress.ConclusionFMH should be considered in any pale and/or hypotonic neonate. In this case series, earlier transfusion was more frequently observed among infants with favorable outcomes, but causality cannot be established. Placental pathology did not clarify the underlying pathogenesis of FMH. Brain MRI remains essential for prognosis. When feasible, therapeutic hypothermia should be considered when standard criteria are met and no contraindications are present.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"508-514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147326467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital malformations-related mortality trends in under-five U.S. children: A 24-year analysis from CDC-WONDER database (1999-2023).","authors":"Shree Rath, Ahmed Hasan, Muhammad Ali, Soha Waseem, Kumail Mustafa Ali, Arham Khalid Farooq, Umama Alam, Amar Lal","doi":"10.1177/19345798261424787","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798261424787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundCongenital malformations remain a major cause of under-five mortality in the United States, yet contemporary long-term trends and demographic disparities have not been comprehensively evaluated. This study examined national patterns in congenital malformation-related mortality among U.S. children under 5 years from 1999 to 2023.MethodsMortality data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC-WONDER) Database, focusing on congenital malformations-related deaths among children aged under 5 years between 1999 and 2023 in the U.S. Cases were identified using ICD-10 codes from Q00 to Q89.9.ResultsThis comprehensive analysis included a total of 143,931 deaths, demonstrating significant trends and disparities. The overall age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) declined from 34.70 (95% CI: 33.86-35.54) in 1999 to 25.95 (95% CI: 25.21-26.68) in 2023, showing an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of -1.21 (95% CI: -1.50 to -1.02). Mortality was higher in males than in females. Across all races, the least decline was noted among NH American Indian or Alaska Natives. Non-metropolitan areas exhibited higher overall AAMR (34.80 [95% CI: 34.33-35.27]) compared to metropolitan areas (29.02 [95% CI: 28.85-29.19]).ConclusionThe overall AAMR decreased from 1999 to 2023, with significantly higher deaths among males, rural regions and Alaskan Natives. These findings demonstrate an overall decline in mortality but persistent demographic and geographic inequities, highlighting the need for targeted public health and policy interventions to improve outcomes for vulnerable pediatric populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"484-494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephrotoxic versus nephroprotective: What is the role of antenatal steroids in preterm neonates.","authors":"Rafia Gul, Attiqua Muzamil, Samer Fatima, Sidra Niamat","doi":"10.1177/19345798261431232","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798261431232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAntenatal corticosteroids (ANS) enhance pulmonary maturation in preterm neonates, but their renal effects remain incompletely understood. This study evaluated the association ANS exposure with the prevalence and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) in preterm neonates.MethodologyThis prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in NICU, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Shadman, Lahore, Pakistan from March 2023 to January 2025. It included 399 preterm neonates of 28-36 + 6 weeks gestation. Neonates were categorized based on antenatal steroids exposure as complete, incomplete, or no ANS groups. AKI was defined and staged according to KDIGO criteria during the first 14 days of life. All variables in descriptive statistics with <i>p</i> < 0.05 incorporated into multivariate logistic regression. The model fit was assessed using Hosmer-Lemeshow test.ResultsOf 399 neonates, 64 (16%) of neonates received a complete ANS course, 51.4% incomplete, and 32.6% none. The incidence of AKI was significantly lower in the complete ANS group compared with the incomplete and no-ANS groups (23.4% vs 47.3% and 45.4%, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, complete ANS remained an independent protective factor (<i>p</i> = 0.006, AOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.15-0.73) reducing the odds of renal failure by approximately 63%.ConclusionComplete antenatal steroid (ANS) exposure in preterm neonates was associated with lower incidence and severity of acute kidney injury, with multivariate analysis confirming reduced odds of AKI.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"534-541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147372830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the prognostic nutritional index in preterm infants: A retrospective study examining its relationship with retinopathy of prematurity and clinical risk factors.","authors":"Büşra Çalışkan, Dilara Korkut, Kadir Şerafettin Tekgündüz, Mustafa Kara","doi":"10.1177/19345798261431199","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798261431199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background/AimThis study evaluated the development and stage of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), clinical risk factors and prognosis, as well as the nutritional index (PNI) values obtained in the early and late periods.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 189 premature infants screened in the neonatal intensive care unit. Two critical time points were determined in the study: the first 24 h postnatally, reflecting the antenatal period (early period), and PMA 34-36 weeks (late period), which is a critical transitional phase both pathophysiologically and clinically, were used to determine lymphocyte and albumin results for PNI values. Statistical analyses were employed.ResultsPNI values in the ROP group were significantly lower than those in the non-ROP group in both the early and late periods (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, PNI levels were lowest in cases requiring treatment. Furthermore, PNI values were significantly lower in cases requiring transfusion, surfactant therapy, necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, postnatal steroids, and mechanical ventilation. In the multivariate analyses, birth weight and early albumin levels were identified as independent predictors, while PNI values were not an independent predictor. In the ROC analysis, PNI showed moderate discriminatory ability, whereas gestational age and birth weight demonstrated higher discriminatory ability.ConclusionThe development and severity of ROP in preterm newborns were found to be substantially correlated with PNI values. Based on multivariate analyses, PNI can be considered as a complementary indicator reflecting clinical fragility rather than an independent predictor for ROP.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"515-524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147355604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}