Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine最新文献

{"title":"Adverse outcomes associated with intubation in preterm infants in the delivery room setting.","authors":"Benjamin Tang, Romeesa Khan, Justin Richards, Sandeep Shetty, Anay Kulkarni","doi":"10.1177/19345798261443966","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798261443966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundInitiation of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) rather than delivery-room (DR) intubation reduces lung injury and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature babies.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of infants born at 23 + 0 to <32 + 0 weeks' gestation at a single tertiary centre (St George's Hospital) from 2017 to 2024, excluding major congenital anomalies. Clinical data were extracted from BadgerNet and Cerner. Temporal trends in DR intubation and associations with neonatal outcomes were examined using univariable and multivariable analyses.ResultsA total of 717 infants were included. DR intubation rates declined from 66.3% in 2017 to 27.5% in 2024 (p < 0.001), with the large changes in infants >26 + 0 weeks' gestation and >500g birthweight. Compared with non-intubated infants, those intubated in the DR were of lower gestational age, lower birthweight, and were less likely to be from multiple pregnancies. DR intubation was associated with higher rates of intubation at 24 h and 7 days, oxygen dependency at 28 days and at discharge, as well as BPD, IVH, death, and longer durations of invasive and non-invasive ventilation. After adjustment, DR intubation remained independently associated with intubation at 24 h and 7 days, oxygen dependency at 28 days and at discharge, BPD, IVH, death, and longer invasive (+6.56 days) and non-invasive ventilation (+7.42 days), but not with severe BPD, ROP, or length of stay.ConclusionPreterm infants offered NIV from birth had improved respiratory outcomes. DR intubation rates fell substantially over the study period, particularly in infants 26 + 0 to <32 + 0 weeks' gestation and birthweight ≥500g. Although DR intubation likely reflects baseline immaturity and vulnerability, it remained independently associated with several adverse neonatal outcomes, supporting ongoing efforts to avoid unnecessary early invasive ventilation where feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"663-675"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of preterm newborns admitted with respiratory distress in relation to time of initiation of CPAP.","authors":"Kaustubh Pandey, Bharati Choubey, Nishtha Gupta, Ankit Dashore, Sharmila Ramteke, Manjusha Goel","doi":"10.1177/19345798261443957","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798261443957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundRespiratory distress is a frequent complication in preterm infants, often requiring respiratory support. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), caused by surfactant deficiency in the immature lung, is the predominant etiology in this population. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a common intervention, but the optimal timing of CPAP initiation remains less clearly defined in the late preterm population (33-36 weeks gestation). This study aimed to determine the outcomes of preterm newborns with respiratory distress in relation to the timing of CPAP initiation.MethodsThis prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary NICU in central India and enrolled 170 preterm newborns (gestational age 28-36 weeks, birth weight <1800 g) with respiratory distress over 18 months. Infants were categorized as Early CPAP (initiated within 30 min of birth, n = 121) or Late CPAP (after 30 min, n = 49). Primary outcome was need for mechanical ventilation; secondary outcomes included mortality, CPAP duration, surfactant use, and length of hospital stay.ResultsThe mortality rate was lower in the early CPAP group compared to the late CPAP group (13.2% vs 24.5%), though this difference did not reach statistical significance on unadjusted analysis (χ² = 3.218, p = 0.073). After adjustment for gestational age and disease severity, early CPAP initiation was independently associated with lower odds of mortality (aOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.89, p = 0.027). Median CPAP duration was significantly longer in the early CPAP group (48.0 vs 24.0 h; p = 0.027). Length of hospital stay was also significantly longer (14 vs 8 days; p = 0.014), while mechanical ventilation duration did not differ significantly (p = 0.140).ConclusionEarly CPAP initiation in preterm newborns with respiratory distress was associated with lower mortality after adjustment for gestational age and disease severity, although the unadjusted analysis was not statistically significant. These findings suggest a potential benefit of early CPAP initiation in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"642-651"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of prenatal intervention on postnatal decision-making for infants born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.","authors":"C Chase Binion, Peter D Murray","doi":"10.1177/19345798261438015","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798261438015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo determine the effect, if any, of prenatal intervention in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) on the likelihood of attempted trial of resuscitation (TOR) or withdrawal of life-sustaining measures (WLSM) in the postnatal neonatal intensive care environment.Study DesignFour hypothetical patients with either left- or right-sided CDH were devised using prognostic survival data from the literature, depending on whether they received fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) or expectant management in the prenatal setting. Healthcare providers from the CDH Study Group (CDHSG) listserv were surveyed to report their likelihood of offering a trial of resuscitation and obliging a parental request for WLSM for each patient. Response data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon rank sum test, and statistical significance was assumed at p < 0.01.Results39 complete responses (rate = 19%) were comprised primarily of physicians in pediatric surgery and neonatology, with other healthcare roles and specialties represented. A left-sided CDH patient with prenatal intervention was significantly favored for a TOR when compared to a patient without prenatal intervention (69% vs 11%; p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a lower rate of obliging a parental request for WLSM in the patient with prenatal intervention compared to a patient without (19% vs 64%; p < 0.001). In contrast, there was no observed effect of prenatal intervention in patients with right-sided hernias. In a scenario of simultaneous resource utilization, the patient with a left-sided CDH who underwent prenatal intervention was given priority for a TOR.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first description of the potential impact of prenatal intervention on postnatal decision-making, using the exemplar case of CDH. These findings have profound implications for maternal-fetal surgery providers and patients, raising concerns of equity and justice and providing preliminary empirical evidence for the fetus as a patient in the era of modern prenatal intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"612-621"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in Prechtl's General Movements Assessment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Zhanna Zhussupova, Amin Tamadon, Natalya Chagay, Nadiar M Mussin, Ramazon Safarzoda Sharoffidin","doi":"10.1177/19345798261438010","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798261438010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo evaluate AI-assisted GMA performance for (i) prediction of later cerebral palsy (CP) diagnosis and (ii) classification of expert-rated GMA labels, and to assess heterogeneity and risk of bias.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A total of 105 studies were included in qualitative synthesis, of which 28 were eligible for quantitative synthesis. Random-effects meta-analysis of proportions with logit transformation was used to estimate pooled diagnostic accuracy.ResultsOf 105 eligible studies in qualitative synthesis, 28 were included in quantitative synthesis (17 CP diagnosis outcomes; 11 expert GMA label outcomes). For CP diagnosis outcomes, the pooled diagnostic accuracy was 0.884 (95% CI: 0.838-0.918). For expert-rated GMA label outcomes, the pooled classification accuracy was 0.848 (95% CI: 0.761-0.908). Heterogeneity was substantial across analyses.InterpretationAI-assisted GMA shows high pooled performance for both CP diagnosis prediction and expert-label classification; however, certainty remains very low due to heterogeneity and risk of bias. No single GM developmental phase, or sensor modality, demonstrated clear superiority, underscoring the importance of standardized protocols, high-quality datasets, and transparent validation. These findings support the clinical potential of AI-enabled GMA as an objective and scalable screening tool, particularly in settings with limited access to specialized expertise.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"583-596"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Clinical relevance of sacral ratio and sacral curvature in the radiological classification of anorectal malformations\".","authors":"Asmaa A Hasan, Amina A Ahmed, Dorreia A M Zaghloul, Mohamad A Nader","doi":"10.1177/19345798261443965","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798261443965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAnorectal malformations (ARMs) are congenital anomalies that affect the developing hindgut. Sacral development can be used as a prognostic factor in these patients because it parallels the development of the muscles and nerves of the perineum. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of using sacral ratio (SR) and sacral curvature (SC) as predictors for the type of ARMs.MethodsA prospective radiological observational study was conducted on 23 newborns with ARMs at Aswan University Hospitals. ARMs were classified according to the Wingspread classification into low, intermediate, and high. Sacral SR was measured in anteroposterior (AP) and lateral views and SC was measured in lateral view. Both were correlated with ARMs type.ResultsHigh-type ARMs represented 47.8%, low and intermediate were 39.1% and 13%, respectively. Perineal fistula was the most common anomaly (30.4%). SR in both AP and lateral views was significantly lower in the high ARMs group compared to other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). SC showed a lower mean in high ARMs but without statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> = 0.115).ConclusionsSR in both AP and lateral views is a reliable marker for predicting ARMs severity. SC may provide complementary insights. Routine SR assessment is recommended in newborns with ARMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"652-662"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond apnea: Early caffeine therapy and the risk of acute kidney injury in very low birth weight infants.","authors":"Gulay Sonmez Demir, Musa Turgut, Yucel Pekal, Ece Koyuncu, Ozmert M A Ozdemir, Hacer Ergin","doi":"10.1177/19345798261431244","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798261431244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionAcute kidney injury is a frequent but often underrecognized complication in very low birth weight preterm infants. In addition to its established respiratory benefits, caffeine has been suggested to have potential renal-protective effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between early caffeine administration and the incidence of acute kidney injury in preterm infants with a birth weight of 1250g or less.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 156 preterm infants with a gestational age of 30 weeks or less and a birth weight of 1250g or less. Infants were divided into two groups according to caffeine exposure. The caffeine group received prophylactic caffeine within the first 24 h of life, while the control group did not receive caffeine. Acute kidney injury was defined using serum creatinine measurements during the first 14 postnatal days.ResultsAcute kidney injury occurred in 10.3% of infants who received caffeine and in 28.2% of those who did not receive caffeine (p = 0.004). Early caffeine administration was independently associated with a significantly lower risk of acute kidney injury (adjusted odds ratio 0.29; 95% confidence interval 0.11-0.74). No infants in the caffeine group developed stage 2 or stage 3 acute kidney injury.ConclusionsEarly prophylactic caffeine administration is associated with a reduced incidence of acute kidney injury in very low birth weight preterm infants. These findings suggest a potential renal-protective role of caffeine in this vulnerable population. Prospective multicenter studies are needed to confirm these results and evaluate long-term safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"597-603"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147348414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of early onset hyponatremia in extremely preterm neonates: A retrospective observational study.","authors":"Namrata Todurkar, Susan Albersheim, Jeffrey N Bone, Li Wang, Cherry Mammen, Rajavel Elango","doi":"10.1177/19345798261443956","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798261443956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundExtremely preterm neonates undergo significant serum sodium (Na) changes in the first few days after birth. The objectives of this study were to describe the epidemiology of early onset hyponatremia, examine the investigations and interventions chosen, and assess the association of early onset hyponatremia with sodium and fluid intake in extremely preterm neonates.MethodsRetrospective study of 100 extremely preterm neonates admitted between 2018 and 2019; data was collected 1-14 days post-birth. Early onset hyponatremia was defined as: hyponatremia within first 14 days, with mild (serum Na 130-134), moderate (Na 126-129), and severe (Na ≤125 mmol/L).ResultsEarly onset hyponatremia prevalence was 85%. Amongst mild hyponatremia, 23% progressed to moderate, 21% to severe hyponatremia. Repeat Na was ordered in 84%, Na intake increased in 57%, fluid intake reduced in 7% in the 24-h following hyponatremia. Higher cumulative weight gain and fluid intake >171 ml/kg/day had higher moderate/severe hyponatremia after 7 days. Na intake higher than 5 mmol/L (OR = 1.03) and increased fluid intake (OR = 1.00) did not reduce hyponatremia risk.ConclusionsEarly onset hyponatremia is common in extremely preterm neonates. Early recognition of mild hyponatremia is critical in preventing progression to moderate-severe hyponatremia. Fluid management in the early days of life of extremely preterm neonates should prioritize weight loss and Na balance while providing adequate nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"633-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13669451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic sucrose via the tahneek technique and its effect on neonatal hypoglycemia randomized control trial.","authors":"Jubara Alallah, Farzeen Mohtisham, Abrar Ahmed, Fayssal M Farahat, Mohammed Aseeri","doi":"10.1177/19345798261435496","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798261435496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe study examined the medical impact of tahneek with dates on hypoglycemia in high-risk newborns. Tahneek, an Islamic tradition, may offer benefits such as stimulating mouth muscles and aiding in breastfeeding initiation. The study assessed its efficacy in comparison with routine feeding practices on blood glucose levels and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions in high-risk newborns. By addressing neonatal hypoglycemia risks, this research uniquely explored the potential synergy between tradition and contemporary medical strategies.MethodsThis single-center, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and included neonates at risk of developing hypoglycemia. A total of 324 subjects participated: 162 in the intervention group, 162 in the control. The intervention group received a single dose of soft date paste containing glucose equivalent to 200 mg/kg at 1 h after birth; the control group received routine feeds. Blood glucose levels were monitored by standard protocols.ConclusionsThe main outcome measures included the incidence of hypoglycemia and the need for NICU admission for hypoglycemia. The study found no significant difference in hypoglycemia incidence (11.7 vs 14.11, <i>p</i> = .51) or NICU admissions for hypoglycemia (0.12% vs 0.18%, <i>p</i> = .69) between the intervention and control groups, respectively. Exclusive breastfeeding showed a slight preference in the intervention group. Study concluded that tahneek with dates did not reduce the occurrence of hypoglycemia or the need for NICU admissions. However, the practice was deemed safe, culturally accepted, noninvasive, and well tolerated by neonates.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"604-611"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147690810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient neonatal hypoglycemia and the developing brain: Associations, mechanisms, and clinical implications.","authors":"Maria F Martinez-Alcala, Blanca V Velez-Rangel, Cristian F Lozano-Vazquez, Raul A Miranda-Ojeda","doi":"10.1177/19345798261424796","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798261424796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundTransient neonatal hypoglycemia (TNH) has long been viewed as a benign, self-limited phenomenon. For this review, TNH refers mainly to hypoglycemia in late preterm and term infants during the first 48-72 h of life, usually at glucose levels below 47 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L). Emerging data suggest that specific patterns of early low glucose (especially when recurrent, severe, or occurring in high-risk) infants may be linked to later neurodevelopmental difficulties.ObjectiveTo synthesize contemporary clinical, epidemiological, and mechanistic evidence on the impact of TNH on long-term brain development, with emphasis on domain-specific outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a structured narrative review of human studies on TNH, continuous glucose monitoring, and neurodevelopmental outcomes, integrating population-based cohorts, clinical studies, and systematic reviews with key mechanistic data.ResultsAcross heterogeneous cohorts, TNH is associated with an increased risk of selective neurodevelopmental differences (particularly in executive function, visuomotor integration, fine motor skills, and early literacy) while global cognitive scores are often preserved. Prospective cohorts and registry studies indicate that recurrent or prolonged episodes, especially in infants who are small for gestational age or born to mothers with diabetes, more often precede later difficulties, although many exposed infants develop typically. Population-based analyses also report associations between neonatal hypoglycemia and later learning, attention, or autism spectrum diagnoses, but these findings remain confounded and non-causal.ConclusionsTNH appears to be a marker of increased neurodevelopmental vulnerability in specific subgroups rather than uniformly benign or inevitably harmful. Careful identification and physiologically informed treatment of at-risk neonates, together with structured long-term follow-up, are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"569-582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146206899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Unveiling thyroid dysfunction in preterm neonates\": A prospective observational study.","authors":"Binsi Charulatha, Meghna Nema, Aswathy Rahul, Irfan Bashir Bhat, Radhika Sujatha, Sobhakumar SaraswathyAmma","doi":"10.1177/19345798261438005","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798261438005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThyroid dysfunction is common in preterm neonates due to immaturity of hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis, increased demand and drug exposure. The dysfunctions seen in early days may get corrected later and may not require treatment. Guidelines recommend repeated screening for preterm. This study was planned to estímate the incidence of thyroid dysfunction requiring thyroxine replacement therapy within 40 weeks of corrected gestational age in preterm neonates ≤32 weeks.MethodologyThis prospective observational study included 421 preterm neonates born ≤32 weeks and admitted in the NICU of a Government Medical College in South India. Serial screening of serum free thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone (FT4 and TSH) was done at 72 h of life, followed by 2 weeks and then at 3-4 weeks postnatal age. Management was done for abnormal results.ResultsAmong 376 babies who completed all three screenings, the incidence of thyroid dysfunction requiring thyroxine replacement therapy was 4% (95% CI 2.2-6.5%, (n = 15)). Majority (2.65%, n = 10) had persistent hypothyroxinemia suggestive of possible central hypothyroidism followed by congenital hypothyroidism with delayed TSH elevation (1.06%, n = 4) and congenital primary hypothyroidism (0.26% n = 1). Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and necrotizing enterocolitis ≥ stage 2 (NEC) were the independent predictors significantly associated with thyroid dysfunction requiring thyroxine replacement therapy.ConclusionThe occurrence of thyroid dysfunction necessitating treatment in preterms was higher than general population. Repeating the abnormal tests and rescreening preterm neonates at least till 3-4 weeks postnatal age is required for avoiding unnecessary treatment and to pick up late presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"622-632"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}