Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine最新文献

{"title":"Neonatal hydrometrocolpos secondary to vaginal atresia causing obstructive uropathy and renal dysfunction.","authors":"Ahmad Zohud, Hala O Abdallah, Hobab Jehad Odeh, Haneen Owienah, Amjad Rajab","doi":"10.1177/19345798261450462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19345798261450462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundHydrometrocolpos secondary to congenital vaginal atresia is a rare neonatal anomaly, usually diagnosed during puberty, resulting from obstructed uterovaginal secretions under maternal estrogen influence, which rarely leads to urinary tract compression, obstruction and renal dysfunction.Case presentationWe report a preterm 33-week neonatal Asian female delivered by normal vaginal delivery. Antenatal ultrasound revealed bilateral enlarged kidneys, ascites, and polyhydramnios. Postnatally, she developed sepsis, and elevated serum creatinine levels. Abdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic abdominopelvic mass with enlarged kidneys. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed congenital vaginal atresia. Following surgical intervention, the patient stabilized, with marked improvement in renal function.ConclusionAlthough congenital vaginal atresia is usually diagnosed at puberty, it can present in the neonatal period; early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to prevent complications and achieve favorable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"19345798261450462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When intubation fails: Unmasking a rare airway emergency in neonatal intensive care unit.","authors":"Thaslima Kalathingal, Madhuri Tejwani, Abhinav Tiwari, Phalguni Padhi, Rohit Anand","doi":"10.1177/19345798261450460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19345798261450460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endotracheal intubation is an emergency procedure during delivery room resuscitation. Failed intubation can occur in babies with unrecognised upper airway anomalies. Such cases are rare, difficult to manage, and require heightened awareness about tracheal malformations. We report a case of a preterm infant with Floyd's Type1 tracheal agenesis with failed endotracheal intubation, managed temporarily on oesophageal intubation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"19345798261450460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3-minute vs 10-minute Spontaneous Breathing Evaluations (SBE) for predicting extubation success in preterm very low birth weight infants: Retrospective observational study.","authors":"Juanitha George, Meriya Susan Joseph, Praveen C Samuel, Jayashree Purkayastha, Sandesh Kini","doi":"10.1177/19345798261450453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19345798261450453","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;BackgroundExtubation in preterm very low birthweight (VLBW) infants is a critical step in respiratory management. Accurately predicting extubation success is challenging because of immature respiratory control, surfactant deficiency, and limited pulmonary reserve. The Spontaneous Breathing Evaluation (SBE) has emerged as an important bedside method to assess readiness for successful extubation, although the optimal duration of this evaluation remains uncertain.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included preterm neonates between 26 and 34 weeks of gestation with birthweight &lt;1500 g who required mechanical ventilation for more than 24 h in a tertiary NICU over a 12-month period. Infants who underwent SBE for either 3 min (Group B) or 10 min (Group A) as part of routine extubation readiness assessment were identified from clinical records. Group allocation was determined by a protocol change implemented mid-study period: infants assessed during the first 6 months underwent 10-min SBE, and those in the subsequent 6 months underwent 3-min SBE. The SBE was performed on endotracheal CPAP; failure criteria included sustained oxygen desaturation (SpO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;88% for &gt;10 s), bradycardia (heart rate &lt;100/min), apnoea requiring stimulation, or a requirement for increased FiO2 &gt;0.1 above baseline. Extubation decisions were based on SBE performance combined with clinical readiness criteria, including stable ventilator settings, acceptable blood gas parameters, and clinician judgment.ResultsEighty-eight infants met inclusion criteria (44 in each SBE-duration group). The mean gestational age was 29.9 ± 2.1 weeks and mean birthweight was 1168 ± 258 g. The Respiratory Severity Score (RSS; calculated as FiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; × mean airway pressure) was significantly higher in the 10-min SBE group (1.85 ± 0.44 vs 1.67 ± 0.31; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.031), indicating greater baseline respiratory severity in that group. Overall, 84% of infants tolerated the SBE and 77% achieved extubation success, while extubation failure occurred in 23%. Most SBE failures occurred within the first 3 min, regardless of total SBE duration. On univariate analysis, birthweight &lt;1000 g (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.018) and gestational age &lt;28 weeks (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.040) were associated with lower likelihood of extubation success, and RSS &gt;2.1 strongly predicted reintubation. Multivariable logistic regression confirmed that gestational age &lt;28 weeks (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.61; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009) and RSS &gt;2.1 (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02-0.44; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) were independent predictors of extubation failure, while SBE duration was not independently associated with extubation outcome (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.412).ConclusionIn this hypothesis-generating retrospective study, a 3-min SBE demonstrated comparable performance to a 10-min SBE in predicting extubation success among preterm VLBW infants. Gestational maturity and RSS were stronger independent predictors of outcome. These findings require confirmation in larger pr","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"19345798261450453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology to support bonding when separated at birth: A narrative review.","authors":"S Schwartz, B Lorenz, K Agbemenu, M Sperlich","doi":"10.1177/19345798251384292","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798251384292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAcross the United States, newborns are being transferred from their birth hospital to a tertiary hospital for more care. This action separates the mother from her newborn, breaking a bond, or emotional tie, between the two. This narrative review explores the available literature on technology being used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to help support bonding when the mother is separated from her newborn.MethodsUtilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) approach for this review, four databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PUBMED) were searched. Terms searched were bonding, technology, neonatal intensive care OR NICU, and web camera. The search included the years 2016-2023 and the English language.ResultsEleven studies were included in this review, which resulted in the identification of three positive and two negative emotions that described how parents felt about using technology to see their newborn. The positive emotions include a decrease in stress and anxiety, and improved family relationships. The negative emotions included guilt and experiencing psychological distress. Additionally, the review showed that staff in the NICU need to be consulted before implementing this type of technology to ensure success.ConclusionUnderstanding the different types of technology in the NICU, how it affects parents, and nurse workflow is necessary to identify ways to promote bonding when separated at birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"260-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning demonstrates normal fetal Doppler velocimetry associated with reduced risk of necrotizing enterocolitis among preterm infants with growth restriction.","authors":"F Kim, K E Joung, H Field, M Garland, A Lyford, J J Sheen, T Hays","doi":"10.1177/19345798251382946","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798251382946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal ischemic disease that affects preterm infants with fetal growth restriction (FGR). The role of fetal Dopplers in stratifying risk for developing NEC is unclear but the innovative use of machine learning technology may aid in identifying their contribution.MethodsThis is a single center retrospective cohort of 164 infants born before 33 weeks' gestation with FGR from 2016 to 2019. We used machine learning to classify NEC and to evaluate the predictive values of gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), and the presence of abnormal umbilical artery (UA) Dopplers before delivery.ResultsEarly GA and lower BW strongly predicted NEC. The presence of normal fetal UA Dopplers was heavily weighted in classifying infants unlikely to develop NEC. Fetal UA Dopplers had a 95% specificity (15% sensitivity) for NEC.ConclusionsIf validated, normal fetal UA Doppler studies may identify infants with FGR at low risk for NEC who may avoid conservative NEC-prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"288-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12797851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective observational study comparing the developmental changes in work of breathing indices and oxygen saturation of term and preterm infants at birth. Do premature infants compensate?","authors":"Kanishk Jha, Thomas H Shaffer, Amy Mackley, Shannon Traczykiewicz, Tariq Rahman, Keshab Subedi, Kelley Kovatis","doi":"10.1177/19345798251384932","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798251384932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundIntrauterine lung development is a complex process. Little is known regarding developmental breathing patterns of infants from delivery to discharge. In this study, we analyze developmental changes in work of breathing indices and oxygen saturation between healthy preterm and term infants at discharge.MethodsA prospective, observational study of healthy term infants at a single center nursery. Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography and pulse oximetry were studied in the supine position, between 12 and 48 h of birth. Comparative analysis was performed with data from our study of premature infants without BPD.ResultsThe study included 63 infants (32 premature and 31 full term). Work of breathing was increased in term infants compared to preterm infants at discharge (Mean phase-angle, Φ ± SEM; Term: 73 ± 5° vs Preterm: 49 ± 7°; <i>p</i> = 0.017). Term infants had lower mean oxygen saturation (Term: 95 ± 0.42% vs Preterm: 97 ± 0.32%; <i>p</i> < 0.001), respiratory rate (Term: 56 ± 2.99 br/min vs Preterm: 67 ± 2.55 br/min; <i>p</i> < 0.008), and heart rate (Term: 130 ± 2.4 bpm vs Preterm: 158 ± 1.8 bpm; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) compared to preterm infants at discharge.ConclusionPreterm infants at discharge demonstrated more efficient thoracoabdominal synchrony and higher oxygen saturation than term infants. These findings suggest that preterm infants develop adaptive respiratory strategies in response to early and prolonged extrauterine respiratory demands, which confer physiological advantages despite structural immaturity. The data could influence post-discharge monitoring of preterm infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"295-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the duration of empiric antibiotic treatment influence NEC incidence and severity relative to placental pathology?","authors":"Parvesh Mohan Garg, Liza Konnikova, Suhas G Kallapur, Jeffrey S Shenberger","doi":"10.1177/19345798251387332","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798251387332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a leading cause of mortality in preterm infants. Studies show that exposure to chorioamnionitis is associated with increased rate of NEC. The influence of the early antibiotic exposure provides contrasting findings, with a few studies demonstrating an increased risk of NEC with prenatal and postnatal antibiotic treatment, and others showing a decreased NEC risk. Far fewer reports delineate the impact of the duration of early antibiotics or the potential confounding of antibiotics by placental pathology on incidence of NEC. The provision of antibiotics following birth is associated with increased risk of NEC secondary to changes in the gut microbiome, intestinal epithelium maturation, and the intestinal barrier function. This report presents current evidence about the clinical impact of intrauterine environment and postnatal antibiotic exposure on the intestinal injury in preterm infants. We present information from our own research in conjunction with information collected from an extensive search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. Both translational and prospective clinical studies are needed to fully understand the combined impact of placental pathology and postnatal antibiotic exposure on the neonatal morbidities and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"323-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12670245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous hemothorax in a 28-day-old term neonate presenting with poor feeding and respiratory distress: A case report.","authors":"Motahare Talebian","doi":"10.1177/19345798251384941","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798251384941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundSpontaneous hemothorax in neonates is extremely rare and usually presents acutely with respiratory distress. Most cases are associated with trauma, coagulopathy, or iatrogenic injury.Case presentationWe report a case of a 28-day-old term neonate who presented with poor feeding and respiratory distress. On examination, the infant was pale and tachypneic. Chest radiograph revealed a large left-sided pleural effusion, confirmed by ultrasound. Pleural fluid on drainage was bloody, consistent with hemothorax. There was no history of trauma, admission, or known bleeding disorder. The infant was managed with chest tube drainage, blood transfusion, and supportive care and made a full recovery.ConclusionThis case highlights the importance of considering spontaneous hemothorax in the differential diagnosis of respiratory distress in neonates, even in the absence of typical risk factors. It also underscores the importance of early point of care imaging in neonatal emergencies which can lead to earlier recognition and prompt intervention which are essential to improve survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"334-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between placental oxygen transport, fetal birth weight, and umbilical cord transcriptome in monochorionic twins.","authors":"S S Ali, Q Li, E A Turk, K Im, C Bibbo, K Schmitz-Abe, M Ramesh, P E Grant, P B Agrawal","doi":"10.1177/19345798251387335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19345798251387335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between placental oxygen transport on MRI and fetal birth weight, and to identify associated transcriptional pathways.Study DesignWe conducted a prospective cohort study of six monochorionic twin pairs. For each pair, the twin with the higher placental oxygen time-to-plateau (TTP) was designated as Group A and the co-twin with the lower TTP as Group B. RNA sequencing of cord blood was performed to assess differential gene expression. Analyses were performed using paired methods to account for within-pair comparisons.ResultsOn descriptive analysis, higher TTP twins (Group A) had lower mean birth weight than their lower TTP co-twins (Group B) (2121 ± 256 g vs 2397 ± 283 g), but this difference was not statistically significant on paired analysis (<i>p</i> = 0.51). TTP values were also not significantly different within pairs (<i>p</i> = 0.17). Across all twins, higher TTP was associated with lower birth weight (<i>p</i> = 0.02). No differentially expressed genes or pathways were identified.ConclusionIn this cohort of monochorionic twin pairs, the twin with slower placental oxygen transport tended to have lower birth compared with its co-twin, although this difference was not statistically significant on paired analysis. Higher TTP was correlated with lower birth weight across twins, but no transcriptomic differences were identified. Larger paired datasets are needed to further explore these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":"19 3","pages":"307-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion tensor imaging and MR spectroscopy in the evaluation of neonatal encephalopathies.","authors":"Adya Mehra, Priya Pattath Sankaran, Sheila S Mathai, Rajagopal Kadavigere, Prakashini Koteshwara","doi":"10.1177/19345798251380181","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19345798251380181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundNeonatal encephalopathy is a broad term encompassing many underlying pathologies, most commonly hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Though this diagnosis has long been derived from relevant history, examination and lab parameters, this study aims to illustrate the diagnostic power of advanced radiological techniques such as MR Spectroscopy and Diffusion Tensor Imaging to objectively classify subjects based on disease severity and predict adverse outcomes.Methods41 cases of neonatal encephalopathy with MRI Brain were included in the study. NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, Cho/Cr and Lac/Cr ratios in basal ganglia and white matter, and DTI parameters of FA, ADC and MD in five major tracts were recorded. Developmental milestones were assessed on follow up of the child at 6 months. Correlation of the MRS and DTI values with disease severity and status at follow up was done.ResultsThe ratios of NAA/Cr and Lac/Cr in basal ganglia and white matter showed strong positive correlation with the disease severity at onset. Lac/Cr also positively correlated with the abnormal outcome group. FA values in the posterior limbs of internal capsule, thalami and corpus callosum were seen to most consistently correlate with the abnormal outcome group, substantiating these objective and reproducible metrics that can be employed for neuro-prognostication across all etiologies of neonatal encephalopathy.ConclusionNeonatal encephalopathy is an umbrella term for conditions that can cause devastating neurological sequelae, which necessitates radiological pattern recognition for identification of etiology, and use of supplementary quantitative techniques such as MRS and DTI is endorsed for objective evaluation of clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine","volume":" ","pages":"274-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12982549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}