Journal of Neuroendocrinology最新文献

{"title":"The temporal and spatial pattern of leptin receptor-expressing cells in the developing mouse hypothalamus","authors":"Matt B. A. Higgins,&nbsp;Kelly A. Glendining,&nbsp;Christine L. Jasoni","doi":"10.1111/jne.13366","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jne.13366","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The arcuate nucleus is a crucial hypothalamic brain region involved in regulating body weight homeostasis. Neurons within the arcuate nucleus respond to peripheral metabolic signals, such as leptin, and relay these signals via neuronal projections to brain regions both within and outside the hypothalamus, ultimately causing changes in an animal's behaviour and physiology. There is a substantial amount of evidence to indicate that leptin is intimately involved with the postnatal development of arcuate nucleus melanocortin circuitry. Further, it is clear that leptin signalling directly in the arcuate nucleus is required for circuitry development. However, as leptin receptor long isoform (<i>Leprb</i>) mRNA is expressed in multiple nuclei within the developing hypothalamus, including the postsynaptic target regions of arcuate melanocortin projections, this raises the possibility that leptin also signals in these nuclei to promote circuitry development. Here, we used RT-qPCR and RNAscope® to reveal the spatio-temporal pattern of <i>Leprb</i> mRNA in the early postnatal mouse hypothalamus. We found that <i>Leprb</i> mRNA expression increased significantly in the arcuate nucleus, ventromedial nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus from P8, in concert with the leptin surge. In the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, increases in <i>Leprb</i> mRNA were slightly later, increasing significantly from P12. Using duplex RNAscope®, we found <i>Leprb</i> co-expressed with <i>Sim1</i>, <i>Pou3f2</i>, <i>Mc4r</i> and <i>Bdnf</i> in the paraventricular nucleus at P8. Together, these data suggest that leptin may signal in a subset of neurons postsynaptic to arcuate melanocortin neurons, as well as within the arcuate nucleus itself, to promote the formation of arcuate melanocortin circuitry during the early postnatal period.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jne.13366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139567164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenteric fibrosis in patients with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors is associated with enrichment of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive fibrosis and COMP-expressing stromal cells","authors":"Sebastian D. Graf,&nbsp;Corinna U. Keber,&nbsp;Akira Hattesohl,&nbsp;Julia Teply-Szymanski,&nbsp;Sophia Hattesohl,&nbsp;Marc Guder,&nbsp;Norman Gercke,&nbsp;Pietro Di Fazio,&nbsp;Emily P. Slater,&nbsp;Moritz Jesinghaus,&nbsp;Carsten Denkert,&nbsp;Detlef K. Bartsch,&nbsp;Bettina Lehman","doi":"10.1111/jne.13364","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jne.13364","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine (SI-NETs) often develop lymph node metastasis (LNM)-induced mesenteric fibrosis (MF). MF can cause intestinal obstruction as well as ischemia and render surgical resection technically challenging. The underlying pathomechanisms of MF are still not well understood. We examined mesenteric LNM and the surrounding stroma compartment from 24 SI-NET patients, including 11 with in situ presentation of strong MF (MF+) and 13 without MF (MF−). Differential gene expression was assessed with the HTG EdgeSeq Oncology Biomarker Panel comparing MF+ with MF− within LNM and paired stromal samples, respectively. Most interesting differentially expressed genes were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in combination with validation of associated protein levels utilizing immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of MF+ and MF– formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) patient samples. Overall, 14 genes measured with a 2549-gene expression panel were differentially expressed in MF+ patients compared to MF−. Of those, nine were differentially expressed genes in LNM and five genes in the stromal tissue (&gt;2-fold change, <i>p</i> &lt; .05). The top hits included increased <i>COMP</i> and <i>COL11A1</i> expression in the stroma of MF+ patients compared to MF−, as well as decreased <i>HMGA2</i>, <i>COL6A6</i>, and <i>SLC22A3</i> expression in LNM of MF+ patients compared to LNM of MF− patients. RT-qPCR confirmed high levels of <i>COMP</i> and <i>COL11A1</i> in stroma samples of MF+ compared to MF− patients. IHC staining confirmed the enrichment of α-smooth muscle actin-positive fibrosis in MF+ compared to MF− patients with corresponding increase of COMP-expressing stromal cells in MF+. Since COMP is associated with the known driver for fibrosis development transforming growth factor beta and with a cancer-associated fibroblasts enriched environment, it seems to be a promising new target for MF research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jne.13364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139512870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early corticosterone increases vocal complexity in a wild parrot: An organizational role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in vocal learning?","authors":"Celia R McLean, Astolfo Mata, Richard J Kline, Karl S Berg","doi":"10.1111/jne.13365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.13365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The neuroendocrinology of vocal learning is exceptionally well known in passerine songbirds. Despite huge life history, genetic and ecological variation across passerines, song learning tends to occur as a result of rises in gonadal and non-gonadal sex steroids that shape telencephalic vocal control circuits and song. Parrots are closely related but independently evolved different cerebral circuits for vocal repertoire acquisition in both sexes that serve a broader suite of social functions and do not appear to be shaped by early androgens or estrogens; instead, parrots begin a plastic phase in vocal development at an earlier life history stage that favors the growth, maturation, and survival functions of corticosteroids. As evidence, corticosterone (CORT) supplements given to wild green-rumped parrotlets (Forpus passerinus) during the first week of vocal babbling resulted in larger vocal repertoires in both sexes in the remaining days before fledging. Here, we replicate this experiment but began treatment 1 week before in development, analyzing both experiments in one model and a stronger test of the organizational effects of CORT on repertoire acquisition. Early CORT treatment resulted in significantly larger repertoires compared to late treatment. Both treatment groups showed weak negative effects on the early, reduplicated stage of babbling and strong, positive effects of CORT on the later, variegated stage. Results are consistent with more formative effects of corticosteroids at earlier developmental stages and a role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) in vocal repertoire acquisition. Given the early emergence of speech in human ontogeny, parrots are a promising model for understanding the putative role of the HPA axis in the construction of neural circuits that support language acquisition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"e13365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139417364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male rat hypothalamic extraretinal photoreceptor Opsin3 is sensitive to osmotic stimuli and light","authors":"Soledad Bárez-López,&nbsp;Paul Bishop,&nbsp;Daniel Searby,&nbsp;David Murphy,&nbsp;Michael P. Greenwood","doi":"10.1111/jne.13363","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jne.13363","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The light-sensitive protein Opsin 3 (Opn3) is present throughout the mammalian brain; however, the role of Opn3 in this organ remains unknown. Since <i>Opn3</i> encoded mRNA is modulated in the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in response to osmotic stimuli, we have explored by in situ hybridization the expression of <i>Opn3</i> in these nuclei. We have demonstrated that <i>Opn3</i> is present in the male rat magnocellular neurones expressing either the arginine vasopressin or oxytocin neuropeptides and that <i>Opn3</i> increases in both neuronal types in response to osmotic stimuli, suggesting that Opn3 functions in both cell types and that it might be involved in regulating water balance. Using rat hypothalamic organotypic cultures, we have demonstrated that the hypothalamus is sensitive to light and that the observed light sensitivity is mediated, at least in part, by Opn3. The data suggests that hypothalamic Opn3 can mediate a light-sensitive role to regulate circadian homeostatic processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jne.13363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of metformin on behavioral alterations produced by chronic sucrose consumption in male rats","authors":"Mariana Rey,&nbsp;Héctor Coirini,&nbsp;Agustina Marchena,&nbsp;María Claudia González Deniselle,&nbsp;María Sol Kruse","doi":"10.1111/jne.13362","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jne.13362","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Excessive consumption of sugary drinks negatively impacts the developing brain, producing long-lasting behavioral and metabolic disorders. Here, we study whether treatment with the antihyperglycemic agent metformin prevents some of the anxiety and memory alterations produced by chronic sucrose consumption. Male Sprague–Dawley rats had unrestricted access to water (control group) and a bottle containing a 10% sucrose solution (sucrose group, SUC) for 35 days. In parallel, a group of animals from SUC received metformin (25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg, orally; MET 25 and MET 50 groups, respectively). After 2 weeks of metformin treatment, the animals weighed less than controls. SUC and MET 50 groups compensated for the caloric intake from the sugary solution by consuming less chow. In contrast, total energy intake in MET 25 was higher than the rest of the groups, but they still weighed less than control and SUC groups, suggesting that at this concentration, metformin delays body growth. The animals were then tested for the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and novel object location (NOL) tests. In the OF, SUC animals spent more time in the central zone of the arena, evidenced by an increased number of entries and the distance traveled there. In the EPM, SUC animals spent more time in the open arms and less time in the central square. Metformin treatment prevented the decreased anxiety observed in SUC animals in the OF and EPM. In the NOL test, SUC animals showed less interest in novelty and metformin treatment did not improve this alteration. The preference for open spaces in the OF and EPM were associated with increased serum triglycerides (TG) and malondialdehyde levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the hippocampus (HIP), while poor memory performance was associated with high basal blood glucose levels. In conclusion, the decreased anxiety-like behavior produced by chronic sucrose consumption was prevented by metformin treatment, through a mechanism that probably involves normalization of TG levels and decreased oxidative stress in mPFC and HIP.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use and perceived utility of [18F]FDG PET/CT in neuroendocrine neoplasms: A consensus report from the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Advisory Board Meeting 2022","authors":"Valentina Ambrosini,&nbsp;Martyn Caplin,&nbsp;Justo P. Castaño,&nbsp;Emanuel Christ,&nbsp;Timm Denecke,&nbsp;Christophe M. Deroose,&nbsp;Clarisse Dromain,&nbsp;Massimo Falconi,&nbsp;Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg,&nbsp;Rodney J. Hicks,&nbsp;Johannes Hofland,&nbsp;Andreas Kjaer,&nbsp;Ulrich Peter Knigge,&nbsp;Beata Kos-Kudla,&nbsp;Anna Koumarianou,&nbsp;Balkundi Krishna,&nbsp;Angela Lamarca,&nbsp;Marianne Pavel,&nbsp;Nicholas Simon Reed,&nbsp;Aldo Scarpa,&nbsp;Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan,&nbsp;Anders Sundin,&nbsp;Christos Toumpanakis,&nbsp;Vikas Prasad","doi":"10.1111/jne.13359","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jne.13359","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Somatostatin receptor (SST) PET/CT is the gold standard for well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NET) imaging. Higher grades of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) show preferential [18F]FDG (FDG) uptake, and even low-grade NET may de-differentiate over time. FDG PET/CT's prognostic role is widely accepted; however, its impact on clinical decision-making remains controversial and its use varies widely. A questionnaire-based survey on FDG PET/CT use and perceived decision-making utility in NEN was submitted to the ENETS Advisory Board Meeting attendees (November 2022, response rate = 70%). In 3/15 statements, agreement was higher than 75%: (i) FDG was considered useful in NET, irrespective of grade, in case of mis-matched lesions (detectable on diagnostic CT but negative/faintly positive on SST PET/CT), especially if PRRT is contemplated (80%); (ii) in NET G3 if curative surgery is considered (82%); and (iii) in NEC prior to surgery with curative intent (98%). FDG use in NET G3, even in the presence of matched lesions, as a baseline for response assessment was favoured by 74%. Four statements obtained more than 60% consensus: (i) FDG use in NET G3 if locoregional therapy is considered (65%); (ii) in neuroendocrine carcinoma before initiating active therapy as a baseline for response assessment (61%); (iii) biopsy to re-assess tumour grade prior to a change in therapeutic management (68%) upon detection of FDG-positivity on the background of a prior G1-2 NET; (iv) 67% were in favour to reconsider PRRT to treat residual SST-positive lesions after achieving complete remission on FDG of the SST-negative disease component. Multidisciplinary opinion broadly supports the use of FDG PET/CT for characterisation of disease biology and to guide treatment selection across a range of indications, despite the lack of full consensus in many situations. This may reflect existing clinical access due to lack of reimbursement or experience with this investigation, which should be addressed by further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138684144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Efficacy, safety and unmet needs of evolving medical treatments for carcinoid syndrome”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jne.13361","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jne.13361","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Koumarianou, A</span>, <span>Daskalakis, K</span>, <span>Tsoli, M</span>, <span>Kaltsas, G</span>, <span>Pavel, M</span>. <span>Efficacy, safety and unmet needs of evolving medical treatments for carcinoid syndrome</span>. <i>J Neuroendocrinol.</i> <span>2022</span>; <span>34</span>(<span>7</span>):e13174. doi:10.1111/jne.13174\u0000 </p><p>An oversight has occurred in the published version of our paper “Efficacy, safety and unmet needs of evolving medical treatments for carcinoid syndrome”. Upon review, we have discovered in page 16, 1st line of paragraph 2.6 that we have defined and refer to the abbreviated term 5-HT as 5-hydroxytryptophane, whereas it should be 5-hydroxytryptamine, which is serotonin itself and not a precursor of the neurotransmitter.</p><p>We sincerely apologize for any confusion this may have caused.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jne.13361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138684360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical impact of unsuccessful subcutaneous administration of octreotide LAR instead of intramuscular administration in patients with metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","authors":"Tharani Krishnan,&nbsp;Maria Safro,&nbsp;Daniel Moreira Furlanetto,&nbsp;Sharlene Gill,&nbsp;Joao Paulo Solar Vasconcelos,&nbsp;Heather C. Stuart,&nbsp;Patrick Martineau,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Loree","doi":"10.1111/jne.13360","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jne.13360","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Octreotide LAR is a long-acting somatostatin analogue (SSA) used in the management of metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP NETs). It requires intramuscular (IM) injection. Missed IM injections cause subcutaneous nodules (SCNs) on radiologic images. We reviewed the rates of SCNs in a real-world cohort of GEP NETs receiving octreotide LAR and explored treatment outcomes. Patients commencing octreotide LAR between August 5, 2010 and March 8, 2018 at a single cancer center in Canada were identified from pharmacy records. Patients were included if they had a computed tomography (CT) scan performed at the time of progression and a preceding CT with pelvis included to enable assessment for the presence of nodules. Fisher's exact test was used to examine predictors of SCNs, and Kaplan–Meier curves summarized differences in progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) that were compared with log-rank tests. Of 243 patients receiving octreotide LAR, 45 had all required CT images available for central review. SCNs were found in 20/45 (44%) of patients on the last scan showing stable disease before progression and were numerically but not statistically more likely in females (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 0.66–8.29, <i>p</i> = .23). There was an increased risk of SCNs in patients with a skin-to-muscle distance &gt;38 mm (the length of an octreotide LAR needle) on CT (OR: 5.09, 95% CI: 1.39–16.6, <i>p</i> = .018) and a trend toward increased risk in obese patients (OR: 5.71, 95% CI: 1.26–23.4, <i>p</i> = .061). PFS (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.56–1.78, <i>p</i> = .98) and OS (HR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.41–1.8, <i>p</i> = .70) was similar between those with/without SCNs. In conclusion, almost half of patients receiving octreotide LAR had SCNs; however, missed administration of SSA did not appear to result in worse survival in this small study. Factors such as sex, younger age skin-to-muscle distance, and obesity may affect SCN development and should be considered when choosing an SSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jne.13360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138684205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preconceptional and in utero exposure of sheep to a real-life environmental chemical mixture disrupts key markers of energy metabolism in male offspring","authors":"Mohammad Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei,&nbsp;Chris S. Elcombe,&nbsp;Samantha Powls,&nbsp;Richard G. Lea,&nbsp;Kevin D. Sinclair,&nbsp;Vasantha Padmanabhan,&nbsp;Neil P. Evans,&nbsp;Michelle Bellingham","doi":"10.1111/jne.13358","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jne.13358","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over recent decades, an extensive array of anthropogenic chemicals have entered the environment and have been implicated in the increased incidence of an array of diseases, including metabolic syndrome. The ubiquitous presence of these environmental chemicals (ECs) necessitates the use of real-life exposure models to the assess cumulative risk burden to metabolic health. Sheep that graze on biosolids-treated pastures are exposed to a real-life mixture of ECs such as phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and metabolites thereof, and this EC exposure can result in metabolic disorders in their offspring. Using this model, we evaluated the effects of gestational exposure to a complex EC mixture on plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations and metabolic and epigenetic regulatory genes in tissues key to energy regulation and storage, including the hypothalamus, liver, and adipose depots of 11-month-old male offspring. Our results demonstrated a binary effect of EC exposure on gene expression particularly in the hypothalamus. Principal component analysis revealed two subsets (B-S1 [<i>n</i> = 6] and B-S2 [<i>n</i> = 4]) within the biosolids group (B, <i>n</i> = 10), relative to the controls (C, <i>n</i> = 11). Changes in body weight, TG levels, and in gene expression in the hypothalamus, and visceral and subcutaneous fat were apparent between biosolid and control and the two subgroups of biosolids animals. These findings demonstrate that gestational exposure to an EC mixture results in differential regulation of metabolic processes in adult male offspring. Binary effects on hypothalamic gene expression and altered expression of lipid metabolism genes in visceral and subcutaneous fat, coupled with phenotypic outcomes, point to differences in individual susceptibility to EC exposure that could predispose vulnerable individuals to later metabolic dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jne.13358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138684141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic, sex- and diet-specific pleiotropism in the PAC1 receptor-mediated regulation of arcuate proopiomelanocortin and Neuropeptide Y/Agouti related peptide neuronal excitability by anorexigenic ventromedial nucleus PACAP neurons","authors":"Veronica Mata-Pacheco,&nbsp;Jennifer Hernandez,&nbsp;Nandini Varma,&nbsp;Jenny Xu,&nbsp;Sarah Sayers,&nbsp;Nikki Le,&nbsp;Edward J. Wagner","doi":"10.1111/jne.13357","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jne.13357","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study furthers the investigation of how pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and the PAC1 receptor (PAC1R) regulate the homeostatic energy balance circuitry. We hypothesized that apoptotic ablation of PACAP neurones in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) would affect both energy intake and energy expenditure. We also hypothesized that selective PAC1R knockdown would impair the PACAP-induced excitation in anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurones and inhibition of orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurones in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). The results show CASPASE-3-induced ablation of VMN PACAP neurones leads to increased energy intake and meal frequency as well as decreased energy expenditure in lean animals. The effects were more robust in obese males, whereas we saw the opposite effects in obese females. We then utilized visualized whole-cell patch clamp recordings in hypothalamic slices. PAC1R knockdown in POMC neurones diminishes the PACAP-induced depolarization, increase in firing, decreases in energy intake and meal size, as well as increases in CO₂ production and O₂ consumption. Similarly, the lack of expression of the PAC1R in NPY/AgRP neurones greatly attenuates the PACAP-induced hyperpolarization, suppression of firing, decreases in energy intake and meal frequency, as well as increases in energy expenditure. The PACAP response in NPY/AgRP neurones switched from predominantly inhibitory to excitatory in fasted animals. Finally, the anorexigenic effect of PACAP was potentiated when oestradiol was injected into the ARC in ovariectomized females. This study demonstrates the critical role of anorexigenic VMN PACAP neurones and the PAC1R in exciting POMC and inhibiting NPY/AgRP neurons to control homeostatic feeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":16535,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jne.13357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138498652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}