Journal of memory and language最新文献_第5页

Informativity enhances memory robustness against interference in sentence comprehension 信息性增强了句子理解中对干扰的记忆稳健性

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104603

Weijie Xu, Richard Futrell

{"title":"Informativity enhances memory robustness against interference in sentence comprehension","authors":"Weijie Xu, Richard Futrell","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Language comprehension has been argued to be expectation-based, with more predictable linguistic units being easier to process. However, as a communicative tool, language is often used to deliver messages that are novel and informative, suggesting the necessity of some cognitive mechanisms handling less predictable but more informative content. This paper proposes strategic memory allocation as one such mechanism. Although less predictable linguistic units require greater processing effort for memory encoding, recognizing the inconsistency between top-down predictions and bottom-up perceptual input may signal the working memory system to prioritize these units, enhancing the robustness of their representation against interference. We examine this hypothesis through the lens of the agreement attraction effect in two self-paced reading experiments. In Experiment 1, we find that less predictable but more informative target nouns exhibit weaker agreement attraction in online reading times, especially with more fine-grained measures of predictability such as the surprisal from large language models. This weaker agreement attraction effect for less predictable target nouns confirms our hypothesis that informative linguistic units are prioritized and receive more robust memory representation. In Experiment 2, however, no modulation of agreement attraction emerges when we manipulate the predictability of distractor nouns, suggesting the need for a more nuanced characterization of how information is structured and operated in memory. Our findings highlight an interplay of memory, predictive processing, and implicit learning. We also discuss the implications of our result for memory efficiency and memory compression. More broadly, by demonstrating that the limited memory resources are dynamically optimized for the relevant processing task, the current study highlights a connection to the resource-rational analysis of human cognition in general.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Semantic fluency is associated with reduced temporal discounting 语义流畅性与时间折扣减少有关

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2025.104616

Danielle Akilov, Karolina M. Lempert

{"title":"Semantic fluency is associated with reduced temporal discounting","authors":"Danielle Akilov, Karolina M. Lempert","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People vary in their <em>temporal discounting,</em> the tendency to prefer smaller, sooner rewards over larger, later rewards. Higher temporal discounting (i.e., more impatience) is associated with detrimental behaviors, such as substance abuse and physical inactivity. Therefore, understanding the cognitive capacities underlying individual differences in temporal discounting is important. Previous research has suggested that episodic memory supports future-oriented decision making by facilitating prospection, but an association between episodic memory abilities and temporal discounting has not yet been established in a cognitively normal population. One potential reason for this lack of an association is that <em>semantic</em> memory, not episodic memory, underlies reduced temporal discounting. After all, semantic memory provides the conceptual “scaffolding” for imagining the future. Here we tested the hypothesis that semantic memory is negatively associated with temporal discounting in an online study of 203 adults. We assessed semantic memory function in two ways: a semantic fluency task and a Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false memory recognition task. The semantic fluency task measures voluntary semantic memory retrieval, while the false memory paradigm assesses the extent to which semantic information biases episodic retrieval. We found that better semantic fluency was associated with reduced temporal discounting, even after controlling for letter fluency, age, gender, education, and socioeconomic status. However, false memory rate was not a significant predictor of temporal discounting. These findings provide novel evidence that semantic memory retrieval abilities may support future-oriented decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do individual differences in working memory capacity, episodic memory ability, or fluid intelligence moderate the pretesting effect? 工作记忆容量、情景记忆能力或流体智力的个体差异是否会缓和前测效应？

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2025.104608

Steven C. Pan, Liwen Yu, Marcus J. Wong, Ganeash Selvarajan, Andy Z.J. Teo

{"title":"Do individual differences in working memory capacity, episodic memory ability, or fluid intelligence moderate the pretesting effect?","authors":"Steven C. Pan, Liwen Yu, Marcus J. Wong, Ganeash Selvarajan, Andy Z.J. Teo","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>pretesting effect</em> refers to the finding that guessing the answers to test questions before learning the correct answers improves memory relative to studying (or reading) without prior guessing. Although the pretesting effect is robust and has been demonstrated across multiple studies, its magnitude varies across individuals. Two studies investigated whether individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC), episodic memory ability (EM), and/or fluid intelligence (gF) help explain that variation. In Study 1, lower gF scores were associated with a larger pretesting effect among undergraduate students, stemming from lower performance on read items. In Study 2, involving adult online participants, observed patterns were less consistent, but lower WMC scores were associated with larger pretesting effects, again due to lower performance on read items. Together, these patterns suggest that pretesting can homologize memory ability across individuals, although to an extent that may vary across learner populations and cognitive abilities. That conclusion and other findings are interpreted in the context of relevant individual differences research and theories related to pretesting and memory phenomena.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variation in the intensity and consistency of attention during learning: The role of conative factors 学习过程中注意力强度和一致性的变化：条件因素的作用

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104601

Ashley L. Miller , Nash Unsworth

{"title":"Variation in the intensity and consistency of attention during learning: The role of conative factors","authors":"Ashley L. Miller , Nash Unsworth","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study examined whether conative factors (e.g., self-efficacy, self-set goal difficulty, and task-specific motivation) are reliable predictors of learning and memory abilities and whether any observed relationships could be explained by two related, yet distinct aspects of attention. Specifically, the present study examined whether the relationship between conative factors and overall learning performance is explained by attentional intensity (the amount of attention allocated to a task) and attentional consistency (the consistency with which attention is allocated to said task). In two studies (<em>N</em>s > 160), participants completed a paired associate’s (PA) cued recall task while pupil diameter was simultaneously recorded to provide an index of the intensity of attention. Measures of working memory, general episodic long-term memory, task-specific motivation, and memory self-efficacy were also included. Study 2 adopted a similar procedure but embedded thought probes into the encoding phase of each list to provide an index of the consistency of attention. Study 2 also added measures of self-set goal difficulty and effective strategy use. Results suggested that all conative factors were related to intensity and consistency in challenging learning contexts. Furthermore, intensity, consistency, and the variance shared between self-efficacy and self-set goal difficulty (<em>r</em> = .86) each explained substantial unique variance in learning when controlling for the influence of other important predictors. Overall, results suggest conative factors are important for understanding individual differences in learning and memory abilities, and part of the reason why these factors are associated with improved learning outcomes is due to intensity and consistency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Production increases both true and false recognition 提高真假识别率

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104584

Xinyi Lu , Jianqin Wang , Colin M. MacLeod

{"title":"Production increases both true and false recognition","authors":"Xinyi Lu , Jianqin Wang , Colin M. MacLeod","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production effect is the finding that reading information aloud enhances memory relative to reading information silently. In five experiments, we examined the influence of production on true and false memory in the DRM paradigm. In Experiments 1a, 1b, 3a, and 3b, reading aloud was compared to reading silently. In Experiment 2, reading aloud was compared to reading silently while hearing the words spoken by another voice. In all experiments, reading aloud consistently resulted in better recognition of studied words, but it also consistently resulted in more false alarms to unstudied lures that were semantically related to the studied words. We advance an argument based on current theoretical accounts of false memory wherein reading aloud selectively enhances relational or gist processing—the encoding of shared features across items—rather than item or verbatim processing—the encoding of specific details of individual items. This selective enhancement could be for the shared semantic network (gist), for the shared context of reading aloud (misattributed source memory), or for both. Thus, the benefit of production is best captured by the combination of adding new features (contextual information) together with enriching existing features (semantic information).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrophysiological correlates of incidental L2 word learning from dialogue 从对话中附带学习 L2 单词的电生理学相关性

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104585

Kristin Lemhöfer, Anqi Lei, Anne Mickan

引用次数: 0

Protecting the innocent in eyewitness identification: An analysis of simultaneous and ranking lineups 在目击证人辨认中保护无辜者：同步排查和排序排查分析

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104581

Michael D. Tuttle, Jeffrey J. Starns, Andrew L. Cohen

{"title":"Protecting the innocent in eyewitness identification: An analysis of simultaneous and ranking lineups","authors":"Michael D. Tuttle, Jeffrey J. Starns, Andrew L. Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In an effort to protect innocent suspects in police lineups, guidelines tend to encourage conservative responding in eyewitnesses. We used Signal Detection Theory (SDT), in conjunction with Expected Information Gain (EIG), to explain why conservative responding with standard simultaneous lineup procedures is detrimental to gathering information about the guilt or innocence of suspects. We also show that a different lineup procedure, the ranking lineup, should largely avoid this loss of information. These SDT predictions were tested in two experiments that manipulated response conservativeness in terms of instructions to the witness and/or witness confidence levels. The results showed strong evidence for the predicted pattern. That is, conservative responding substantially decreased the information value of witness responses in simultaneous lineups, but not ranking lineups. Critically, conservative responding in the simultaneous procedure specifically decreased the ability to gain evidence of innocence, revealing a cost that offsets the benefit of reduced false identifications. The ranking procedure, in contrast, provided strong evidence of innocence even when false identification rates were low. These results have significant implications for policy recommendations in police lineups and suggest that eyewitness researchers need to consider information-theory measures in the attempt to find procedures that best serve the goal of protecting innocent suspects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104581"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual differences in time-based prospective memory: The roles of working memory and time monitoring 基于时间的前瞻性记忆的个体差异：工作记忆和时间监控的作用

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104583

Wiebke Hemming, Kathrin Sadus, Jan Rummel

引用次数: 0

Using the phenomenology of knowledge-based retrieval failures in younger and older adults to characterize proximity to retrieval success and identify a Zone of Proximal Retrieval 利用年轻人和老年人基于知识的检索失败的现象学来描述检索成功的临近程度，并确定 "检索临近区"（Zone of Proximal Retrieval

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104582

Sharda Umanath , Jennifer H. Coane , Juliane T. Renaker , Kathrine Whitman , Alexis A. Lee , Stacy Kim

{"title":"Using the phenomenology of knowledge-based retrieval failures in younger and older adults to characterize proximity to retrieval success and identify a Zone of Proximal Retrieval","authors":"Sharda Umanath , Jennifer H. Coane , Juliane T. Renaker , Kathrine Whitman , Alexis A. Lee , Stacy Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Across the lifespan, accumulated knowledge can become inaccessible, with everyone having experienced retrieval failures. These failures are accompanied by varied mental experiences (phenomenology), but little research has been done to distinctly characterize their full range. The present studies examined the extent to which varying failures, ranging from imminent retrieval like tip-of-the-tongue states to unavailability, are associated with distinct phenomenological experiences. Proposing a Proximity to Retrieval Success framework for retrieval failures, we hypothesize that the probability of retrieval success (accessibility) will vary systematically from high to low, with intermediate probabilities reflecting a Zone of Proximal Retrieval. Older and younger adults answered age-normed, short-answer general knowledge questions and selected one of four phenomenological retrieval failure experiences when unable to answer. In Experiment 1, participants completed a subsequent multiple-choice test, whereas Experiments 2 and 3 involved correct answer feedback before completing a final short-answer test. Consistently, and in line with predictions from the Proximity to Retrieval Success framework, accuracy on the subsequent test systematically increased as a function of the selected phenomenological retrieval failure state’s proximity to the accessibility threshold, with the lowest accuracy for items judged as not known. These findings indicate robust successful metacognition linking phenomenological experiences of retrieval failures with behavioral memory performance. Implications for the practical and theoretical usefulness of this work are discussed. (215 words)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining focus and alternative priming: Effects of grammatical role and breadth of the alternative set 研究重点和替代引物：语法角色和备选集广度的影响

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104580

Sasha Calhoun , Mengzhu Yan , Hannah White

{"title":"Examining focus and alternative priming: Effects of grammatical role and breadth of the alternative set","authors":"Sasha Calhoun , Mengzhu Yan , Hannah White","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent work has shown that contrastive accenting plays a crucial role in discourse processing, causing listeners to activate alternatives to focused words and/or suppress non-contrastive semantic associates. However, key theoretical questions remain, relating to how lexical activation, sentence and discourse processing interact. These include the breadth of the alternative set, which could span from a small contextually-relevant set to a large, ‘permissive’ one; and whether these processes are best characterised as activation or suppression mechanisms. There is also little research on whether activation of alternatives differs by the grammatical role of the prime, despite differences in the focus-related properties of subjects versus objects. We present two cross-modal lexical decision experiments showing activation of non-contrastive associates is suppressed with contrastive focus, consistent with a suppression mechanism, at least for objects. Alternatives both semantically related, and unrelated, to the prime, were primed, consistent with a broad, ‘permissive’, alternative set. There were crucial differences in priming patterns for subjects versus objects. The study makes important contributions to our theoretical understanding of the role of focus in discourse processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0