Journal of memory and language最新文献

{"title":"Toddlers’ looking behaviours during referent selection and relationships with immediate and delayed retention","authors":"Emma L. Axelsson ,&nbsp;Jessica S. Horst ,&nbsp;Samantha L. Playford ,&nbsp;Amanda I. Winiger","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study investigates whether children’s attempts to solve referential ambiguity is best explained as a process-of-elimination or a novelty bias. We measured 2.5-year-old children’s pointing and eye movements during referent selection trials and assessed whether this changes across repeated exposures. We also tested children’s retention of novel words and how much focusing on novel targets during referent selection supports immediate and delayed retention as well as the effect of hearing the words ostensively named after referent selection. Time course analyses of children’s looking during referent selection indicated that soon after noun onsets, in familiar target trials there was a greater focus on targets relative to chance, but in novel target trials, children focussed on targets less than chance, suggesting an initial focus on competitors. Children also took longer to focus on and point to novel compared to familiar targets. Thus, this converging evidence suggests referent selection is best described as a process-of-elimination. Ostensive naming also led to faster pointing at novel targets in subsequent trials and better delayed retention than the non-ostensive condition. In addition, a greater focus on novel targets during referent selection was associated with better immediate retention for the ostensive naming condition, but better delayed retention for the non-ostensive condition. Therefore, a focus on novelty may supplement weaker encoding, facilitating later retention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retention of grammatical information by L1 and L2 readers: The role of form and meaning","authors":"Denisa Bordag ,&nbsp;Andreas Opitz","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In two eye-tracking experiments, we investigated how aspects of form and meaning influence the retention of grammatical information. Native (N = 64) and non-native (N = 63) German speakers read sentence pairs. The second sentence was presented after 12–16 intervening sentences and was either identical to the first sentence or changed in one grammatical feature (tense, number). For both types of grammatical alternations, we controlled for formal and meaning aspects involved in their processing. Longer reading times in the changed condition compared to the identical condition indicated retention of the grammatical information conveyed in the first sentence. Non-native participants showed stronger retention effects when salient formal changes were involved, whereas native speakers were more sensitive to changes based on conceptual/meaning differences. Our study provides novel insights into which components of grammatical features drive their retention in the memory of non-native and native readers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual differences in time-based prospective memory: The roles of working memory and time monitoring","authors":"Wiebke Hemming,&nbsp;Kathrin Sadus,&nbsp;Jan Rummel","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Time-based prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to execute an intended action at a predefined future time. Previous research suggests that both general cognitive abilities (working memory) and task specific abilities (time monitoring) underly time-based PM performance. In three studies, we investigated the relevance of specific WM processes (binding, updating) for time-based PM and unravel their interplay with task specific abilities. In Experiment 1 (<em>N</em> = 147), we manipulated working-memory load, and found a greater influence of time monitoring on PM performance with increasing load. In Experiment 2 (<em>N</em> = 132), we found, in addition to time monitoring, specifically WM updating abilities to be associated with PM performance. In Experiment 3 (<em>N</em> = 148), we found PM performance to suffer when updating demands were increased but the effect vanished after controlling for time monitoring. These findings emphasize the complex interplay between general cognitive ability and task specific abilities in time-based PM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous spatial attention selects associated novel bindings in working memory","authors":"Á. Fuentes-Guerra,&nbsp;F. Botta,&nbsp;J. Lupiáñez,&nbsp;P. Talavera,&nbsp;E. Martín-Arévalo ,&nbsp;C. González-García","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Real-world environments are complex, demanding a diverse set of cognitive functions such as attention and working memory (WM) to perform adaptive behaviors. However, exogenous attention, characterized as automatic and involuntary, has primarily been studied by focusing on spatial perception. In particular, the ability of pure exogenous <em>retro</em>-cues to select and prioritize not only spatial locations, but also novel stimulus–response (S-R) bindings held in WM remains largely unexplored. Here, in two experimental series, we provide evidence that pure exogenous non-predictive <em>retro</em>-cues can select not only space, but also associated S-R bindings held in WM. Additional evidence from a drift–diffusion model hinted at the possibility that the mechanisms through which exogenous attention selects and prioritizes WM contents depend, at least partially, on the hierarchical relevance of the different dimensions encoded within a specific representation. These results highlight the relationship between pure exogenous attention and complex WM contents and shed light on current theoretical debates about the interaction of attention, memory, and action.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749596X24000743/pdfft?md5=957f15c55edba88c781a17daf68528e6&pid=1-s2.0-S0749596X24000743-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the phenomenology of knowledge-based retrieval failures in younger and older adults to characterize proximity to retrieval success and identify a Zone of Proximal Retrieval","authors":"Sharda Umanath ,&nbsp;Jennifer H. Coane ,&nbsp;Juliane T. Renaker ,&nbsp;Kathrine Whitman ,&nbsp;Alexis A. Lee ,&nbsp;Stacy Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Across the lifespan, accumulated knowledge can become inaccessible, with everyone having experienced retrieval failures. These failures are accompanied by varied mental experiences (phenomenology), but little research has been done to distinctly characterize their full range. The present studies examined the extent to which varying failures, ranging from imminent retrieval like tip-of-the-tongue states to unavailability, are associated with distinct phenomenological experiences. Proposing a Proximity to Retrieval Success framework for retrieval failures, we hypothesize that the probability of retrieval success (accessibility) will vary systematically from high to low, with intermediate probabilities reflecting a Zone of Proximal Retrieval. Older and younger adults answered age-normed, short-answer general knowledge questions and selected one of four phenomenological retrieval failure experiences when unable to answer. In Experiment 1, participants completed a subsequent multiple-choice test, whereas Experiments 2 and 3 involved correct answer feedback before completing a final short-answer test. Consistently, and in line with predictions from the Proximity to Retrieval Success framework, accuracy on the subsequent test systematically increased as a function of the selected phenomenological retrieval failure state’s proximity to the accessibility threshold, with the lowest accuracy for items judged as not known. These findings indicate robust successful metacognition linking phenomenological experiences of retrieval failures with behavioral memory performance. Implications for the practical and theoretical usefulness of this work are discussed. (215 words)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of learning and memory processes to verb-specific syntactic processing","authors":"Lewis V. Ball ,&nbsp;Matthew H.C. Mak ,&nbsp;Rachel Ryskin ,&nbsp;Adam J. Curtis ,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Rodd ,&nbsp;M. Gareth Gaskell","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Certain aspects of lexical knowledge can be primed by recent usage, with effects observed up to 24 h later in some circumstances. Here, we used syntactically ambiguous sentences (“The man hit/chose the dog with the stick”) to explore the longevity of priming of syntactic structure. Some verbs provide a bias towards an instrument interpretation (the stick was used to <em>hit</em> the dog), whilst others are biased towards the modifier interpretation (the man <em>chose</em> the dog that possessed the stick). Experiment 1 revealed an effect of pre-existing verb bias on resolving syntactic ambiguities. In Experiment 2, we primed specific verbs towards their dispreferred interpretation in an exposure phase (e.g., <em>hit</em> was primed to the modifier interpretation). ∼ 20 min later, the same verbs, along with unprimed verbs, were encountered in syntactically ambiguous contexts in a test phase. Exposure to the dispreferred interpretation in the exposure phase increased the preference for the same interpretation in the test phase, particularly for instrument-biased verbs. In Experiment 3, the exposure and test phases were separated by a ∼ 12-hour interval that included sleep. No overall effect of exposure was found, but again a simple effect of priming was found for instrument-biased verbs. Finally, in Experiment 4 using a sentence completion task, we found that instrument-biased verbs had significantly stronger pre-existing biases, which we discuss as a possible explanation for the imbalance in priming between verb bias conditions. Our results suggest verb-bias priming is maintained over relatively long periods such as 20 min, and possibly as long as 12 h, consistent with a contribution of episodic memory to maintenance of verb-specific syntactic biases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of prior linguistic knowledge to L3 phonological perception and production","authors":"Tal Norman,&nbsp;Anat Prior ,&nbsp;Tamar Degani","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adult phonological processing may be affected by previous linguistic knowledge. Here, we examine how phonological perception and production in a third-language (L3) are affected by multilinguals’ first- (L1) and second-languages (L2). To this end, Arabic-Hebrew-English trilinguals (<em>n</em> = 41) completed an oddity (perception) task and a word repetition (production) task in English (the L3). Critically, word pairs (<em>n</em> = 96) targeted phonological contrasts that overlap between English and Arabic (L1), English and Hebrew (L2), English and both Arabic and Hebrew (Both) or exist uniquely in English (None). Results showed that words including phonological contrasts that exist in L1 Arabic (L1 &amp; Both conditions) were perceived more accurately than those that do not exist in the L1 (L2 &amp; None conditions). This pattern cannot be the mere result of item characteristics, because using the same items, a control group of Hebrew-English bilinguals (<em>n</em> = 39) responded more accurately when phonological contrasts overlapped with Hebrew (their L1). We further verified that the L2 contrasts had at least partially been acquired in the L2, by testing an additional group of trilinguals (<em>n</em> = 27), who performed above chance on these contrasts when embedded in an L2 task. Judgments collected from monolingual English evaluators revealed that trilingual productions exhibited the same pattern as that observed in perception, with more intelligible productions of contrasts which overlap with the L1, but not with the L2. Thus, multilinguals appear to draw on their L1 knowledge, but not on their L2 knowledge, while processing phonological information in the L3. The findings further underscore the relation between phonological perception and production in the L3.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrieval-induced semantic interference","authors":"Channing E. Hambric ,&nbsp;Pádraig G. O’Séaghdha","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The long-term negative effect of semantic retrieval on the subsequent accessibility of related material has been extensively studied in separate memory and language production literatures. Though ostensibly studying the same phenomenon, these literatures have remained separated by different framings and methodologies. We argue for integration of the two research streams in an adaptive learning perspective and present a bridging experiment as a proof of concept of this approach. The experiment implemented a multiphase <em>retrieval-induced forgetting</em> (RIF) design (with generation and memory assessment phases) in combination with the use of naming latency measures and the temporal analysis of interference featured in language production research. The generation phase, typically unanalyzed in the memory literature, examined generation time for category-stem completions as a function of ordinal positions of related items. There was strong cumulative interference in generation latencies in the first pass through the structured list, showing that memory is already affected in this phase. After a retention interval, accessibility of new items from previously activated categories, and unactivated controls, was assessed using continuous picture naming rather than aggregate memory measures. Crucially, there was a picture naming cost to previously activated (but not generated) category members relative to the control condition, a RIF effect. This cost was supervenient on new cumulative interference and was evident only in the beginning of the assessment phase, underlining the value of the positional analyses. The findings add important detailing to the processes underlying retrieval-induced costs in memory research while also showing that retrieval-induced semantic interference transfers from stem-completion to picture naming retrieval tasks. This format-independence is consistent with a conceptual basis of semantic interference but does not preclude a locus of adaptive learning in conceptual-lexical links. Overall, we show that the memory and language production fields indeed provide different but complementary perspectives on the same semantic interference phenomenon. Combining the fields promises to be productive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual differences in the reactivity effect of judgments of learning: Cognitive factors","authors":"Wenbo Zhao ,&nbsp;Shaohang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Tian ,&nbsp;Baike Li ,&nbsp;David R. Shanks ,&nbsp;Chunliang Yang ,&nbsp;Liang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An emerging body of studies has demonstrated that asking participants to make concurrent judgments of learning (JOLs) during learning can reactively change (typically enhance) their memory performance, a phenomenon known as the <em>reactivity effect</em>. The current study conducted the first exploration of individual differences in the JOL reactivity effect by employing a large-scale (<em>N</em> = 284 participants) approach. The reactivity effect was measured in a related word pair learning task, and each of four higher-order cognitive constructs, including working memory capacity (WMC), attentional control (AC), episodic memory (EM), and general fluid intelligence (gF), was assessed by multiple tasks. The results showed that making JOLs enhanced cued recall of related word pairs, reflecting an overall positive reactivity effect. WMC independently and positively predicted JOL reactivity and this prediction effect survived when controlling for the prediction effects of other cognitive constructs. After controlling for the effects of WMC, EM, and gF, AC negatively predicted JOL reactivity. Neither EM nor gF predicted reactivity. These findings lend support to the learning engagement and dual-task costs theories to jointly account for the JOL reactivity effect. Practical implications for guiding learning practices and for mitigating JOL reactivity in future metacognition research are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The big five traits openness and conscientiousness affect the memory of alcohol-intoxicated eyewitnesses","authors":"Angelica V. Hagsand ,&nbsp;Nadja Schreiber Compo","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This novel study was the first to examine how alcohol and personality affect witnesses’ memory. Using a quasi-experimental method, participants (<em>N</em> = 65) recruited from local bars provided breath alcohol concentration measurements and personality ratings using Big Five (i.e., Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism). Participants viewed a filmed witness event, followed by an interview about the event. BAC ranged from 0.00-0.14 %, with a mean of 0.05 % (<em>SD</em> = 0.03 %). Results showed that there was a significant effect of Openness on the quantity of witness recall, with higher Openness scores yielding a greater number of witness details recalled. Also, participants with increased intoxication levels in combination with higher Conscientiousness scores reported fewer details. Finally, increased alcohol-intoxication had a negative effect on memory as witnesses’ accuracy rate declined, while their number of “<em>I do not know</em>” answers increased. Our findings suggest that personality differences may play an important role in alcohol-intoxicated witnesses’ episodic long-term memory, despite being largely neglected by researchers. Future research is encouraged to continue disentangle the complexity of the interaction between personality, alcohol, and witness memory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}