Journal of memory and language最新文献_第10页

Speakers use more redundant references with language learners: Evidence for communicatively-efficient referential choice 说话者对语言学习者使用更多多余的指称：交际有效指称选择的证据

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2022.104378

Shira Tal , Eitan Grossman , Hannah Rohde , Inbal Arnon

{"title":"Speakers use more redundant references with language learners: Evidence for communicatively-efficient referential choice","authors":"Shira Tal , Eitan Grossman , Hannah Rohde , Inbal Arnon","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2022.104378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2022.104378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>According to the communicative efficiency hypothesis, speakers should produce more linguistic material when comprehension difficulty increases. Here, we investigate a potential source of comprehension difficulty – listeners’ language proficiency – on speakers’ productions, using referential choice as a case study. Referential choice is influenced by communicative efficiency: pronouns are used less than full noun phrases (NPs) for less predictable referents (Tily & Piantadosi, 2009). However, the extent to which it is influenced by the listener is debated. Here, we compare participants’ descriptions of the same picture book to children, adult L2 learners and adult native speakers. We find that speakers use more full NPs when their interlocutors are learners – child and adult learners alike, illustrating an effect of listeners’ proficiency (regardless of age) on production choices. Importantly, the increased use of full NPs relative to pronouns is found controlling for discourse-related differences (e.g., previous mention), suggesting a direct relation between listeners’ perceived language proficiency and referential choice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50181197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining semantic parafoveal-on-foveal effects using a Stroop boundary paradigm 使用Stroop边界范式研究语义旁凹对中央凹的影响

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2022.104387

Chuanli Zang , Zhichao Zhang , Manman Zhang , Federica Degno , Simon P. Liversedge

{"title":"Examining semantic parafoveal-on-foveal effects using a Stroop boundary paradigm","authors":"Chuanli Zang , Zhichao Zhang , Manman Zhang , Federica Degno , Simon P. Liversedge","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2022.104387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2022.104387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The issue of whether lexical processing occurs serially or in parallel has been a central and contentious issue in respect of models of eye movement control in reading for well over a decade. A critical question in this regard concerns whether lexical parafoveal-on-foveal effects exist in reading. Because Chinese is an unspaced and densely packed language, readers may process parafoveal words to a greater extent than they do in spaced alphabetic languages. In two experiments using a novel Stroop boundary paradigm (<span>Rayner, 1975</span>), participants read sentences containing a single-character color-word whose preview was manipulated (identity or pseudocharacter, printed in black [no-color], or in a color congruent or incongruent with the character meaning). Two boundaries were used, one positioned two characters before the target and one immediately to the left of the target. The previews changed from black to color and then back to black as the eyes crossed the first and then the second boundary respectively. In Experiment 1 four color-words (red, green, yellow and blue) were used and in Experiment 2 only red and green color-words were used as targets. Both experiments showed very similar patterns such that reading times were increased for colored compared to no-color previews indicating a parafoveal visual interference effect. Most importantly, however, there were no robust interactive effects. Preview effects were comparable for congruent and incongruent color previews at the pretarget region when the data were combined from both experiments. These results favour serial processing accounts and indicate that even under very favourable experimental conditions, lexical semantic parafoveal-on-foveal effects are minimal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42602724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

True and false recognition in MINERVA 2: Extension to sentences and metaphors MINERVA 2中的真与假识别：对句子和隐喻的扩展

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2022.104397

J. Nick Reid, Randall K. Jamieson

{"title":"True and false recognition in MINERVA 2: Extension to sentences and metaphors","authors":"J. Nick Reid, Randall K. Jamieson","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2022.104397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2022.104397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arndt and Hirshman (1998) used MINERVA 2 to simulate true and false recognition in DRM-style lists and found that the model was able to capture many features of the empirical data. Here, we first replicate their simulations, but using empirically structured vectors derived from Latent Semantic Analysis rather than the randomly generated vectors characteristic of MINERVA 2. We report that the model still captures the DRM effect with fewer free parameters. We then extend our analyses to true and false recognition for full sentences and metaphorical expressions. Using a simple bag-of-words representation for sentences, we find that the MINERVA 2 model captures classic sentence false recognition findings from Bransford and Frank (1971) and a more recent finding from Reid and Katz (2018a) that demonstrates false recognition of unstudied sentences that share a metaphorical but not literal theme to studied sentences. These simulations provide evidence that an instance-based memory model, when amalgamated with structured semantic representations from a distributional semantic model, can account for true and false recognition across different types of language experiences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49493320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

On verbal memory span in Chinese speakers: Evidence for employment of an articulation-resistant phonological component 汉语使用者的言语记忆广度:使用发音障碍语音成分的证据

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2022.104389

Alan D. Baddeley , Zhan Xu , Sai Tung Ho , Graham J. Hitch

{"title":"On verbal memory span in Chinese speakers: Evidence for employment of an articulation-resistant phonological component","authors":"Alan D. Baddeley , Zhan Xu , Sai Tung Ho , Graham J. Hitch","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2022.104389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2022.104389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A striking feature of speakers of Chinese is the fact that their immediate verbal memory span tends to be substantially greater than is found for other languages. This is not limited to digits, nor is it is it adequately accounted for in terms of spoken duration. We explore two sources of this potential linguistic advantage, one is in terms of supplementary visual coding. We use the visual similarity effect to assess this hypothesis finding little support for its importance. The second approach assesses the role of subvocal articulation, using articulatory suppression which has been shown to remove the impact of phonological similarity on the recall of visually presented verbal sequences. We find that the phonological similarity effect remains in both Mandarin and Cantonese speakers, suggesting that Chinese language speakers may be able to maintain a phonological representation of the material despite concurrent articulation of an irrelevant utterance. We discuss a possible mechanism and its theoretical implications. Finally, we speculate that this enhanced capacity may reflect an adaptation to the demands of learning to map the Chinese writing system onto a complex tonal language.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43477916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Does referential expectation guide both linguistic and social constraints on pronoun comprehension? 指称期望对代词理解的语言和社会约束有指导作用吗?

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2022.104401

Valerie J. Langlois , Sandra A. Zerkle , Jennifer E. Arnold

{"title":"Does referential expectation guide both linguistic and social constraints on pronoun comprehension?","authors":"Valerie J. Langlois , Sandra A. Zerkle , Jennifer E. Arnold","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2022.104401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2022.104401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current models suggest that pronoun comprehension is guided by expectations about who or what will be mentioned (Arnold, 1998; Kehler & Rohde, 2013; Hartshorne et al., 2015; Brocher et al., 2018), which we call <strong>referential predictability</strong>. Yet there is disagreement about whether these expectations explain all types of discourse biases, and in particular some scholars suggest that the subject bias is unrelated to referential predictability (Kehler & Rohde, 2013; Fukumura & van Gompel, 2015). Moreover, the role of expectation has not been broadly tested against the numerous constraints known to affect pronoun comprehension, and no study has tested whether expectation is related to social constraints like gaze and pointing. In eight experiments we systematically test how both pronoun comprehension and prediction judgments are influenced by four constraints: (1) the subject bias in joint-action predicates like <em>Ana went hiking with Liz;</em> (2) both the goal and subject biases in transfer predicates (<em>Ana threw the ball to Liz</em> or <em>Ana got the ball from Liz);</em> (3) pointing while gazing, and (4) gazing. We replicate and extend the known effects of these constraints on pronoun comprehension. Critically, we find that most of these constraints also affect prediction judgments, but the subject bias is inconsistent across verb types. Results support models in which referential expectation affects pronoun comprehension.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42556810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Interference between non-native languages during trilingual language production 三语语言生成过程中非母语间的干扰

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2022.104386

Angela de Bruin , Liv J. Hoversten , Clara D. Martin

{"title":"Interference between non-native languages during trilingual language production","authors":"Angela de Bruin , Liv J. Hoversten , Clara D. Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2022.104386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2022.104386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most research on multilingual language control has focused on a bilingual’s first (L1) and second (L2) languages. Studies on third language (L3) acquisition suggest that, despite the L1 being more proficient, L3 learners experience more L2 than L1 interference. However, little is known about how a trilingual’s L2 and L3 interact after initial stages of language learning. In the current study (Experiment 1: 30 Spanish-Basque-English trilinguals; Experiment 2: 50 English-French-Spanish trilinguals), participants completed a speeded naming task to assess cross-language intrusions (e.g., using the Spanish “perro” instead of the French “chien”). Both experiments showed more L3 than L1 intrusions during L2 naming. Furthermore, using two different tasks, we assessed if this cross-language interference was related to language inhibition. Both experiments suggested that trilinguals inhibited their L1 more strongly than their L3. Together, this suggests that a trilingual’s non-native language might experience more interference from another non-native language than from their L1, possibly because trilinguals apply more inhibition over their L1.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50181196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retrieval practice and verbal-visuospatial transfer: From memorization to inductive learning 检索练习与语言-视觉空间迁移:从记忆到归纳学习

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2022.104402

Gregory I. Hughes , Ayanna K. Thomas

{"title":"Retrieval practice and verbal-visuospatial transfer: From memorization to inductive learning","authors":"Gregory I. Hughes , Ayanna K. Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2022.104402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2022.104402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Retrieval practice, the act of recalling information on a practice test, leads to better long-term memory than non-testing study activities (<em>the testing effect</em>). This effect occurs even when the contexts of the practice and final test differ, suggesting that retrieval practice fosters transferable learning. For example, practice tests involving the recall of targets (A-?) not only enhance performance on final tests of the targets (A-?), but this effect can also extend to tests of the non-recalled cues (?-B). Simple memory tests can also facilitate the inference of underlying rules or principles that can be used to answer completely new questions or problems. However, these transfer effects have been overwhelmingly demonstrated with verbal materials. Further, research suggests that transfer effects diminish as the type of information tested during the practice and final tests diverge. In the present study, we explored the influence of retrieval practice on paired associates consisting of the names and visuospatial diagrams of molecules. In two experiments using a standard paired-associate learning paradigm, practice tests of name targets (?-diagram) or diagram targets (name-?) did not enhance performance on final tests of their respective cues. In a final experiment using a category induction paradigm, we found a benefit of retrieval practice on the memorization of cues and the induction of underlying rules simultaneously.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44736187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The head or the verb: Is the lexical boost restricted to the head verb? 词头还是动词:词汇量的提升是否仅限于词头动词?

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2022.104388

Leila Kantola , Roger P.G. van Gompel , Laura J. Wakeford

{"title":"The head or the verb: Is the lexical boost restricted to the head verb?","authors":"Leila Kantola , Roger P.G. van Gompel , Laura J. Wakeford","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2022.104388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2022.104388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Four structural priming experiments investigated whether the lexical boost is due to the repeated head verb of the primed structure or due to the repetition of any verb, testing structural priming of ditransitive structures (<em>The hotel owner decided to loan the tourist a tent/a tent to the tourist</em>). In Experiments 1–3, we manipulated the repetition of the matrix verb (<em>decided</em>) that is not the syntactic head in the primed structure. The results showed abstract structural priming of the embedded ditransitive structure but the repetition of the matrix verb did not boost the priming. In addition to manipulating the repetition of the matrix verb, we also manipulated the head verb of the primed structure (<em>loan</em>) in Experiment 4. It showed a lexical boost with the repetition of the head verb but no boost with the repetition of the matrix verb. These results are consistent with the residual activation model, which only predicts a boost from the verb that is the head of the primed structure. They do not support models which predict that the repetition of any lexical material in a sentence boosts priming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45905010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Morphemes as letter chunks: Linguistic information enhances the learning of visual regularities 作为字母组块的语素：语言信息促进视觉规律的学习

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2023.104411

Jarosław R. Lelonkiewicz, Maria Ktori, Davide Crepaldi

引用次数: 0

Sound-space symbolism: Associating articulatory front and back positions of the tongue with the spatial concepts of forward/front and backward/back 声音空间象征主义：将舌头的发音前后位置与前/前和后/后的空间概念联系起来

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2023.104414

L. Vainio , M. Kilpeläinen , A. Wikström , M. Vainio

引用次数: 3