Journal of memory and language最新文献_第9页

What’s in a name? A large-scale computational study on how competition between names affects naming variation 名字里有什么?名称之间竞争如何影响命名变化的大规模计算研究

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2023.104459

Eleonora Gualdoni , Thomas Brochhagen , Andreas Mädebach , Gemma Boleda

引用次数: 2

Pragmatic effects on semantic learnability: Insights from evidentiality 语用学对语义可学习性的影响：证据性的启示

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2023.104426

Dionysia Saratsli , Anna Papafragou

{"title":"Pragmatic effects on semantic learnability: Insights from evidentiality","authors":"Dionysia Saratsli , Anna Papafragou","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2023.104426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2023.104426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cross-linguistically prevalent semantic distinctions are widely assumed to be easier to learn because they reflect natural concepts. Here we propose an alternative, <em>pragmatic</em> perspective that links both the cross-linguistic prevalence and the learnability of semantic distinctions to communicative pressures. We focus on evidentiality (the encoding of the speaker’s information source). Across languages, grammatical evidential systems are more likely to encode indirect sources (especially, reported information) compared to direct sources (e.g., visual perception). On a conceptual account, this seems puzzling, since humans reason naturally about how seeing connects to knowing. On a pragmatic account, however, the predominant encoding of the speaker’s reportative compared to visual information sources can be explained in terms of informativeness (visual access is ubiquitous and potentially more reliable, hence less marked). We tested the pragmatic account in four experiments. Adult English speakers exposed to novel miniature evidential morphological systems consistently showed higher learning rates for systems with a single indirect (reportative) compared to a single direct (visual) evidential morpheme (Experiment 1). This pattern persisted even when participants were given specific cues to the target meanings (Experiment 2) and partly extended to cases where evidential meanings were conveyed through visual, not linguistic, means (Experiment 3). It also persisted when the evidential morphemes had to be learned from different materials (Experiment 4). We conclude that the cross-linguistic bias to mark reportative/indirect over visual/direct sources of information has pragmatic roots that also shape the learnability of evidential semantic distinctions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49484903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Children and adults use pragmatic principles to interpret non-linguistic symbols 儿童和成人使用语用原则来解释非语言符号

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2023.104429

Alyssa Kampa , Anna Papafragou

{"title":"Children and adults use pragmatic principles to interpret non-linguistic symbols","authors":"Alyssa Kampa , Anna Papafragou","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2023.104429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2023.104429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A foundational principle of communication is that speakers should offer as much information as required during conversation. Thus, if a speaker offers a statement with limited information (e.g., “I like the candle” when asked about a gift containing a candle and a sweater), the listener often takes the speaker to imply that a more informative statement (“I like the candle and the sweater”) does not hold. Classic theories of communication have proposed that the principle of informativeness extends to purposeful exchanges beyond linguistic interactions, but relevant evidence so far is limited. In a set of studies, we adopt a simple visual-world paradigm to investigate whether 4- and 5-year-old children and adults expect drawings, like utterances, to be informative in accordance with the creator’s knowledge. We find that 5-year-olds and adults (but not 4-year-olds) apply the principle of informativeness to non-linguistic symbols; furthermore, the 5-year-olds’ success in this task depends on features of the symbols. We discuss the implications of these findings for debates over the mechanisms underlying pragmatic inference, as well as for children’s developing understanding of the symbolic function of drawings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46064036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Conceptualising acoustic and cognitive contributions to divided-attention listening within a data-limit versus resource-limit framework 在数据限制与资源限制框架内概念化声学和认知对注意力分散听力的贡献

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2023.104427

Sarah Knight, Lyndon Rakusen, Sven Mattys

{"title":"Conceptualising acoustic and cognitive contributions to divided-attention listening within a data-limit versus resource-limit framework","authors":"Sarah Knight, Lyndon Rakusen, Sven Mattys","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2023.104427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2023.104427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An understanding of how listeners divide their attention between two simultaneous talkers requires modelling the interaction between acoustic factors (energetic masking) and cognitive processes (control of auditory attention). The impact of spatial separation between the two talkers on this interaction is unclear, since separation is likely to create both acoustic benefits (release from energetic masking) and cognitive costs (increased demands on spatial attentional control). To explore this question, we manipulated the degree of energetic masking (high vs. low) and spatial separation (collocated to dichotic) between two simultaneous talkers. When energetic masking was high (Experiment 1, unmanipulated talker voices), transcription performance improved monotonically from collocated to dichotic, owing to a gradual release from energetic masking. When energetic masking was low (Experiment 2, bandpass-filtered talker voices), the benefit of spatial separation disappeared; performance even worsened in the dichotic condition. Additionally, across both experiments, individual differences in working memory best predicted transcription performance in conditions where energetic masking was low. These results suggest that energetic masking is the dominant challenge during divided-attention listening, but that the contribution of cognitive control and working memory can be observed when energetic masking is reduced, at least in the context of the current paradigm. The findings are discussed in light of Norman and Bobrow’s (1975) concept of data-limited vs. resource-limited tasks, which we propose is a promising framework for reinterpreting existing results from speech-in-noise perception research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45024772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The head constituent plays a key role in the lexical boost in syntactic priming 头成分在句法启动中的词汇提升中起着关键作用

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2023.104416

Jian Huang , Xiqin Liu , Meiling Lu , Yingying Sun , Suiping Wang , Holly P. Branigan , Martin J. Pickering

{"title":"The head constituent plays a key role in the lexical boost in syntactic priming","authors":"Jian Huang , Xiqin Liu , Meiling Lu , Yingying Sun , Suiping Wang , Holly P. Branigan , Martin J. Pickering","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2023.104416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2023.104416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accounts of language production make different predictions about the conditions under which structural priming should be enhanced by lexical repetition (the lexical boost). Repetition of the head verb strongly enhances structural priming of a sentence, but studies of English have found contradictory results regarding the effects of noun repetition. In two experiments, Mandarin participants read a prime sentence aloud and then produced a target picture description of a dative event. In Experiment 1, the verb was printed on the target picture, and we found that repetition of the verb enhanced priming (vs. no repetition) but repetition of the agent, theme, or recipient argument did not. In Experiment 2, both the agent noun and the verb were printed on the picture, and we found that verb repetition enhanced priming but agent repetition did not. These results indicate that the lexical boost is restricted to the head verb in Mandarin and therefore support lemma-based residual activation accounts of language production in which activation of a head leads to activation of its associated grammatical construction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46895467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Corrigendum to “Prediction involves two stages: Evidence from visual-world eye-tracking” [J. Memory Lang. 122 (2022) 104298] “预测涉及两个阶段：来自视觉世界眼动追踪的证据”的更正[J.Memory Lang.122（2022）104298]

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2023.104431

Ruth E. Corps , Charlotte Brooke , Martin J. Pickering

引用次数: 0

Haven’t I seen you before? Conceptual but not perceptual prior familiarity enhances face recognition memory 我以前没见过你吗？概念而非感知的先验熟悉增强了人脸识别记忆

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2023.104433

Melisa Akan, Aaron S. Benjamin

{"title":"Haven’t I seen you before? Conceptual but not perceptual prior familiarity enhances face recognition memory","authors":"Melisa Akan, Aaron S. Benjamin","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2023.104433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2023.104433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prior familiarity with a face seems to substantively change the way we encode and recognize later instances of that face. We report five experiments that examine the effects of varying levels of prior familiarity and conceptual knowledge on face recognition memory. All experiments employed a 3-phase procedure, in which faces were familiarized in varying ways and to varying extents prior to study and test. Across experiments, increased prior familiarity led to a simultaneous increase in both correct and false identification rates, either when familiarity was gained through passive exposures or conceptual processing. Discriminability, on the other hand, was enhanced by prior familiarity only when the level of familiarity was high and when it involved conceptual processing (Experiments 1–3). Familiarity engendered by passive exposure affected response bias equivalently to more active orienting tasks, but it <em>reduced</em> discriminability in a standard Old/New recognition test (Experiment 4) and did not lead to an enhancement in discriminability in a lineup identification task (Experiment 5). Familiarity engendered by trait evaluations (Experiments 1–3) or name learning (Experiments 2–5) increased discriminability and yielded a more liberal response bias. These results suggest that the benefits of prior familiarity on discriminability in recognition memory are determined by the presence of prior conceptual knowledge. The implications of this work for eyewitness identification situations in which the suspect is known or familiar to the witness are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104433"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49564787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceiving speech during orthographic syllable recognition: Beyond phonemic identity 正字法音节识别过程中的言语感知:超越音位同一性

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2023.104430

Daniel Williams , Adamantios Gafos , Payam Ghaffarvand-Mokari

{"title":"Perceiving speech during orthographic syllable recognition: Beyond phonemic identity","authors":"Daniel Williams , Adamantios Gafos , Payam Ghaffarvand-Mokari","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2023.104430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2023.104430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the cue-distractor paradigm, individuals observe a spoken distractor syllable while responding to a visual cue referring to a syllable. When the task is to utter the cued syllable, distractors sharing fewer subphonemic properties with the cued syllable (below the level of phonemes) lead to slower reaction times (RTs), indicating representations involved in speech perception and production are closely linked. The present study investigated whether a subphonemic level of representation is involved when the task was to manually indicate (but not produce) an orthographically cued syllable. Results revealed RT modulations closely mirroring those reported previously for uttered responses. In an additional experiment, phonetic variants of phonologically identical distractors were presented, but RT modulations were unaffected by this manipulation. The present findings indicate that perceiving speech accesses a relatively detailed phonological level of representation which is closely aligned with representations pertinent in orthographic syllable recognition and in speech production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49905972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cross-linguistic differences in gender congruency effects: Evidence from meta-analyses 性别一致性效应的跨语言差异：来自元分析的证据

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2023.104428

Audrey Bürki , Emiel van den Hoven , Niels Schiller , Nikolay Dimitrov

{"title":"Cross-linguistic differences in gender congruency effects: Evidence from meta-analyses","authors":"Audrey Bürki , Emiel van den Hoven , Niels Schiller , Nikolay Dimitrov","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2023.104428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2023.104428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It has been proposed that the order in which words are prepared for production depends on the speaker’s language. When producing the translation equivalent of <em>the small cat</em>, speakers of German or Dutch select the gender-marked determiner at a relatively early stage of production. Speakers of French or Italian postpone the encoding of a determiner or adjective until the phonological form of the noun is available. Hence, even though the words are produced in the same order (e.g., <em>die kleine Katze</em> in German, <em>le petit chat in French</em>), they are not planned in the same order and might require different amounts of advanced planning prior to production onset. This distinction between early and late selection languages was proposed to account for the observation that speakers of Germanic and Slavic languages, but not of Romance languages, are slower to name pictures in the context of a distractor word of a different gender. Meta-analyses are conducted to provide the first direct test of this cross-linguistic difference and to test a prediction of the late selection hypothesis. They confirm the existence of the gender congruency effect in German/Slavic languages and its absence in Romance languages when target and distractor words are presented simultaneously. They do not allow confirming the hypothesis that in the latter languages, a similar effect emerges when the presentation of the distractor is delayed. Overall, these analyses confirm the cross-linguistic difference but show that the evidence available to date is not sufficient to confirm or reject the late selection hypothesis as an explanation of this difference. We highlight specific directions for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48614642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A systematic evaluation of factors affecting referring expression choice in passage completion tasks 文章完成任务中影响指称表达选择因素的系统评价

IF 4.3 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2023.104413

Vera Demberg, Ekaterina Kravtchenko, Jia E. Loy

{"title":"A systematic evaluation of factors affecting referring expression choice in passage completion tasks","authors":"Vera Demberg, Ekaterina Kravtchenko, Jia E. Loy","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2023.104413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2023.104413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a long-standing controversy around the question of whether referent predictability affects pronominalization: while there are good theoretical reasons for this prediction (e.g., Arnold, 2008), the experimental evidence has been rather mixed.</p><p>We here report on three highly powered studies that manipulate a range of factors that have differed between previous studies, in order to determine more exactly under which conditions a predictability effect on pronominalization can be found.</p><p>We use a constrained as well as a free reference task, and manipulate verb type, antecedent ambiguity, length of NP and whether the stimuli are presented within a story context or not. Our results find the story context to be the single important factor that allows to elicit an effect of predictability on pronoun choice, in line with (Rosa and Arnold, 2017; Weatherford and Arnold, 2021). We also propose a parametrization for a rational speech act model, that reconciles the findings between many of the experiments in the literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 104413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10029927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9559160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1