Journal of memory and language最新文献_第3页

Only case-syncretic nouns attract: Czech and Slovak gender agreement 只有格合名词吸引人：捷克语和斯洛伐克语的性别一致

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2025.104623

Radim Lacina , Anna Laurinavichyute , Jan Chromý

{"title":"Only case-syncretic nouns attract: Czech and Slovak gender agreement","authors":"Radim Lacina , Anna Laurinavichyute , Jan Chromý","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Attraction effects in the comprehension of ungrammatical sentences have long been observed for number and gender agreement across many languages. These prolific findings have led researchers to claim that attraction effects are universal. However, recent evidence from Czech has shown that number agreement attraction is either non-existent in the language or negligible in size. We aimed to test whether this is also the case for gender agreement and to explore the role of case syncretism in the emergence of attraction effects. Crucially, we evaluated the predictions of the cue-based retrieval model in light of the resulting estimates. Across three self-paced reading experiments, two on Czech (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> = 172, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> = 255) and the other on the closely related Slovak (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> = 119), gender attraction in ungrammatical sentences was attested only with case-syncretic attractors. No differences between grammatical conditions were found. Based on computational modelling estimates, we argue that these empirical results contradict the predictions of the classic cue-based retrieval model but are compatible with the repair-by-retrieval account.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 104623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A distributional model of concepts grounded in the spatial organization of objects 一种基于物体空间组织的概念分布模型

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2025.104624

Andrea Gregor de Varda , Marco Petilli, Marco Marelli

{"title":"A distributional model of concepts grounded in the spatial organization of objects","authors":"Andrea Gregor de Varda , Marco Petilli, Marco Marelli","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data-driven models of concepts are gaining popularity in Psychology and Cognitive Science. Distributional semantic models represent word meanings as abstract word co-occurrence patterns, and excel at capturing human meaning intuitions about conceptual relationships; however, they lack the explicit links to the physical world that humans acquire through perception. Computer vision neural networks, on the other hand, can produce representations of visually-grounded concepts, but they do not support the extraction of information about the relationships between objects. To bridge the gap between distributional semantic models and computer vision networks, we introduce SemanticScape, a model of semantic concepts grounded in the visual relationships between objects in natural images. The model captures the latent statistics of the spatial organization of objects in the visual environment. Its implementation is based on the calculation of the summed Euclidean distances between all object pairs in visual scenes, which are then abstracted by means of dimensionality reduction. We validate our model against human explicit intuitions on semantic and visual similarity, relatedness, analogical reasoning, and several semantic and visual implicit processing measurements. Our results show that SemanticScape explains variance in human responses in the semantic tasks above and beyond what can be accounted for by standard distributional semantic models and convolutional neural networks; however, it is not predictive of human performance in implicit perceptual tasks. Our findings highlight that implicit information about the objects’ spatial distribution in the environment has a specific impact on semantic processing, demonstrating the importance of this often neglected experiential source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shared mechanisms in pragmatic enrichment with contextual and lexical alternatives 语境和词汇替代语用丰富的共享机制

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104607

Nadine Bade , WooJin Chung , Léo Picat , Rachel Dudley , Salvador Mascarenhas

引用次数: 0

Investigating the cognitive correlates of semantic and perceptual false memory in older and younger adults: A multi-group latent variable approach 研究老年人和年轻人语义和知觉错误记忆的认知相关性：一种多组潜在变量方法

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2025.104625

John T. West , Rebecca L. Wagner , Ashley Steinkrauss , Nancy A. Dennis

{"title":"Investigating the cognitive correlates of semantic and perceptual false memory in older and younger adults: A multi-group latent variable approach","authors":"John T. West , Rebecca L. Wagner , Ashley Steinkrauss , Nancy A. Dennis","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Falsely remembering information can have negative consequences for day-to-day functioning and can be especially problematic for older adults who often experience higher rates of false memory. Because there is considerable variability between older adults in memory and cognition, it is essential that we understand the factors that place older individuals at risk for developing false memories. Whereas lower frontal functioning has previously been related to false memory in general, prior research suggests that there may also be domain-specificity in the factors associated with false memory. To test this possibility, 211 young adults and 152 older adults completed tasks measuring semantic false memory, perceptual false memory, frontal functioning, semantic discrimination, and perceptual discrimination. Factor analyses revealed that – contrary to predictions – individual differences in semantic and perceptual false memory were best represented by a single, overarching false memory factor. Although cognitive abilities were generally not related to false memory when assessed together, semantic discrimination, perceptual discrimination, and frontal functioning were all negatively associated with false memory in isolation, and jointly predicted 37% of the variance in younger adults and 40% in older adults. Importantly, the extent to which these cognitive abilities protected against false memory did not differ between older and younger adults. Results suggest that for both older and younger adults, individual differences in the tendency to falsely remember information are captured by a single overarching construct that has negative (yet redundant) associations with various cognitive abilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sample size and its justification in the Journal of Memory and Language 《记忆与语言》杂志上的样本量及其合理性

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2025.104622

Adrian Staub

引用次数: 0

Larger lexicons enable representation of fine-grained phonological similarity structure: Evidence from English L2 speakers’ sound similarity judgments of word pairs 更大的词汇量能够表征细粒度的语音相似结构：来自英语第二语言使用者对单词对的声音相似判断的证据

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2025.104619

Cynthia S.Q. Siew , Nichol Castro

{"title":"Larger lexicons enable representation of fine-grained phonological similarity structure: Evidence from English L2 speakers’ sound similarity judgments of word pairs","authors":"Cynthia S.Q. Siew , Nichol Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Native English speakers are sensitive to the small-world structure and community structure of the phonological similarity network of English words. In this study we investigated whether L2 speakers of English are sensitive to the overall similarity structure of the phonological lexicon, and whether this sensitivity is modulated by the size of their L2 vocabulary. Participants with diverse L1s (with English as their L2) completed a phonological similarity rating task where they listened to pairs of English words and provided similarity judgments for word pairs of varying path lengths and community membership. Path length in the phonological network represented the number of steps needed to traverse from one word to another word in the network. Word pairs were either from the same phonological community or different communities. English vocabulary knowledge was assessed using the LexTALE (Lemhöfer & Broersma, 2012). Results indicated that participants with higher LexTALE scores showed greater sensitivity to both community membership of word pairs as well as phonological distance between words at shorter path lengths. Computational simulations of the task with phonological networks depicting various levels of L2 proficiency qualitatively align with the observed behavioral results. The simulations suggest that larger network sizes provide more degrees of freedom for representing subtle patterns of similarity relations among word-forms. These findings have implications for understanding how expansion of the phonological mental lexicon enables learners to represent fine-grained, internal structure of phonological similarity relations among words.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Animacy outweighs topichood when choosing pronouns and word order 在选择代词和词序时，生动性比话题性更重要

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2025.104615

Markus Bader, Yvonne Portele

引用次数: 0

Toddlers’ looking behaviours during referent selection and relationships with immediate and delayed retention 幼儿在指称选择过程中的注视行为及其与即时记忆和延迟记忆的关系

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104596

Emma L. Axelsson , Jessica S. Horst , Samantha L. Playford , Amanda I. Winiger

{"title":"Toddlers’ looking behaviours during referent selection and relationships with immediate and delayed retention","authors":"Emma L. Axelsson , Jessica S. Horst , Samantha L. Playford , Amanda I. Winiger","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study investigates whether children’s attempts to solve referential ambiguity is best explained as a process-of-elimination or a novelty bias. We measured 2.5-year-old children’s pointing and eye movements during referent selection trials and assessed whether this changes across repeated exposures. We also tested children’s retention of novel words and how much focusing on novel targets during referent selection supports immediate and delayed retention as well as the effect of hearing the words ostensively named after referent selection. Time course analyses of children’s looking during referent selection indicated that soon after noun onsets, in familiar target trials there was a greater focus on targets relative to chance, but in novel target trials, children focussed on targets less than chance, suggesting an initial focus on competitors. Children also took longer to focus on and point to novel compared to familiar targets. Thus, this converging evidence suggests referent selection is best described as a process-of-elimination. Ostensive naming also led to faster pointing at novel targets in subsequent trials and better delayed retention than the non-ostensive condition. In addition, a greater focus on novel targets during referent selection was associated with better immediate retention for the ostensive naming condition, but better delayed retention for the non-ostensive condition. Therefore, a focus on novelty may supplement weaker encoding, facilitating later retention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retention of grammatical information by L1 and L2 readers: The role of form and meaning 第一语言和第二语言读者对语法信息的保留：形式和意义的作用

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104605

Denisa Bordag , Andreas Opitz

引用次数: 0

The phonology of letter shapes: Feature economy and informativeness in 43 writing systems 字母形状的音韵：43种文字系统的特征、经济性和信息量

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2025.104620

Yoolim Kim , Marc Allassonnière-Tang , Helena Miton , Olivier Morin

{"title":"The phonology of letter shapes: Feature economy and informativeness in 43 writing systems","authors":"Yoolim Kim , Marc Allassonnière-Tang , Helena Miton , Olivier Morin","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Differentiating letter shapes accurately is a core competence for any reader. Are letter shapes as distinctive as they could be? The visual shapes of letters, contrary to the phonemes of spoken languages, lack a unified description — an equivalent of the phonological features that describe most phonemes in the world’s languages. Using a gamified crowdsourcing approach, we elicited thousands of letter descriptions from lay people for the sets of letter shapes (the scripts) used in 43 diverse writing systems. Using 19,591 letter classifications, contributed by 1,683 participants, who were asked to sort the letters of each script repeatedly into two groups, we extracted a sufficient number of binary classifications (features) to provide a unique description for all letters in the 43 scripts. We show that scripts, compared to phoneme inventories, use more features to produce similar sets of distinct elements. Compared to the phoneme inventories of a large sample of the world’s languages dataset (the P-base dataset, collected by another team), our 43 scripts have lower feature economy (fewer symbols for a given number of features) and lower feature informativeness (a less balanced distribution of feature values). Compared to phonemes, letter shapes require more binary features for a complete description. These features are also less informative in letters than in phonemes: the chances that two random letters in a script differ on any given feature are low. Letter shapes, which have more degrees of freedom than speech sounds, use those degrees of freedom less efficiently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0