Journal of memory and language最新文献_第2页

Animacy outweighs topichood when choosing pronouns and word order

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2025.104615

Markus Bader, Yvonne Portele

引用次数: 0

Toddlers’ looking behaviours during referent selection and relationships with immediate and delayed retention

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104596

Emma L. Axelsson , Jessica S. Horst , Samantha L. Playford , Amanda I. Winiger

{"title":"Toddlers’ looking behaviours during referent selection and relationships with immediate and delayed retention","authors":"Emma L. Axelsson , Jessica S. Horst , Samantha L. Playford , Amanda I. Winiger","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study investigates whether children’s attempts to solve referential ambiguity is best explained as a process-of-elimination or a novelty bias. We measured 2.5-year-old children’s pointing and eye movements during referent selection trials and assessed whether this changes across repeated exposures. We also tested children’s retention of novel words and how much focusing on novel targets during referent selection supports immediate and delayed retention as well as the effect of hearing the words ostensively named after referent selection. Time course analyses of children’s looking during referent selection indicated that soon after noun onsets, in familiar target trials there was a greater focus on targets relative to chance, but in novel target trials, children focussed on targets less than chance, suggesting an initial focus on competitors. Children also took longer to focus on and point to novel compared to familiar targets. Thus, this converging evidence suggests referent selection is best described as a process-of-elimination. Ostensive naming also led to faster pointing at novel targets in subsequent trials and better delayed retention than the non-ostensive condition. In addition, a greater focus on novel targets during referent selection was associated with better immediate retention for the ostensive naming condition, but better delayed retention for the non-ostensive condition. Therefore, a focus on novelty may supplement weaker encoding, facilitating later retention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retention of grammatical information by L1 and L2 readers: The role of form and meaning

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104605

Denisa Bordag , Andreas Opitz

引用次数: 0

The phonology of letter shapes: Feature economy and informativeness in 43 writing systems

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2025.104620

Yoolim Kim , Marc Allassonnière-Tang , Helena Miton , Olivier Morin

{"title":"The phonology of letter shapes: Feature economy and informativeness in 43 writing systems","authors":"Yoolim Kim , Marc Allassonnière-Tang , Helena Miton , Olivier Morin","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2025.104620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Differentiating letter shapes accurately is a core competence for any reader. Are letter shapes as distinctive as they could be? The visual shapes of letters, contrary to the phonemes of spoken languages, lack a unified description — an equivalent of the phonological features that describe most phonemes in the world’s languages. Using a gamified crowdsourcing approach, we elicited thousands of letter descriptions from lay people for the sets of letter shapes (the scripts) used in 43 diverse writing systems. Using 19,591 letter classifications, contributed by 1,683 participants, who were asked to sort the letters of each script repeatedly into two groups, we extracted a sufficient number of binary classifications (features) to provide a unique description for all letters in the 43 scripts. We show that scripts, compared to phoneme inventories, use more features to produce similar sets of distinct elements. Compared to the phoneme inventories of a large sample of the world’s languages dataset (the P-base dataset, collected by another team), our 43 scripts have lower feature economy (fewer symbols for a given number of features) and lower feature informativeness (a less balanced distribution of feature values). Compared to phonemes, letter shapes require more binary features for a complete description. These features are also less informative in letters than in phonemes: the chances that two random letters in a script differ on any given feature are low. Letter shapes, which have more degrees of freedom than speech sounds, use those degrees of freedom less efficiently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The contribution of learning and memory processes to verb-specific syntactic processing

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104595

Lewis V. Ball , Matthew H.C. Mak , Rachel Ryskin , Adam J. Curtis , Jennifer M. Rodd , M. Gareth Gaskell

{"title":"The contribution of learning and memory processes to verb-specific syntactic processing","authors":"Lewis V. Ball , Matthew H.C. Mak , Rachel Ryskin , Adam J. Curtis , Jennifer M. Rodd , M. Gareth Gaskell","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Certain aspects of lexical knowledge can be primed by recent usage, with effects observed up to 24 h later in some circumstances. Here, we used syntactically ambiguous sentences (“The man hit/chose the dog with the stick”) to explore the longevity of priming of syntactic structure. Some verbs provide a bias towards an instrument interpretation (the stick was used to <em>hit</em> the dog), whilst others are biased towards the modifier interpretation (the man <em>chose</em> the dog that possessed the stick). Experiment 1 revealed an effect of pre-existing verb bias on resolving syntactic ambiguities. In Experiment 2, we primed specific verbs towards their dispreferred interpretation in an exposure phase (e.g., <em>hit</em> was primed to the modifier interpretation). ∼ 20 min later, the same verbs, along with unprimed verbs, were encountered in syntactically ambiguous contexts in a test phase. Exposure to the dispreferred interpretation in the exposure phase increased the preference for the same interpretation in the test phase, particularly for instrument-biased verbs. In Experiment 3, the exposure and test phases were separated by a ∼ 12-hour interval that included sleep. No overall effect of exposure was found, but again a simple effect of priming was found for instrument-biased verbs. Finally, in Experiment 4 using a sentence completion task, we found that instrument-biased verbs had significantly stronger pre-existing biases, which we discuss as a possible explanation for the imbalance in priming between verb bias conditions. Our results suggest verb-bias priming is maintained over relatively long periods such as 20 min, and possibly as long as 12 h, consistent with a contribution of episodic memory to maintenance of verb-specific syntactic biases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contribution of prior linguistic knowledge to L3 phonological perception and production

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104600

Tal Norman, Anat Prior , Tamar Degani

{"title":"Contribution of prior linguistic knowledge to L3 phonological perception and production","authors":"Tal Norman, Anat Prior , Tamar Degani","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adult phonological processing may be affected by previous linguistic knowledge. Here, we examine how phonological perception and production in a third-language (L3) are affected by multilinguals’ first- (L1) and second-languages (L2). To this end, Arabic-Hebrew-English trilinguals (<em>n</em> = 41) completed an oddity (perception) task and a word repetition (production) task in English (the L3). Critically, word pairs (<em>n</em> = 96) targeted phonological contrasts that overlap between English and Arabic (L1), English and Hebrew (L2), English and both Arabic and Hebrew (Both) or exist uniquely in English (None). Results showed that words including phonological contrasts that exist in L1 Arabic (L1 & Both conditions) were perceived more accurately than those that do not exist in the L1 (L2 & None conditions). This pattern cannot be the mere result of item characteristics, because using the same items, a control group of Hebrew-English bilinguals (<em>n</em> = 39) responded more accurately when phonological contrasts overlapped with Hebrew (their L1). We further verified that the L2 contrasts had at least partially been acquired in the L2, by testing an additional group of trilinguals (<em>n</em> = 27), who performed above chance on these contrasts when embedded in an L2 task. Judgments collected from monolingual English evaluators revealed that trilingual productions exhibited the same pattern as that observed in perception, with more intelligible productions of contrasts which overlap with the L1, but not with the L2. Thus, multilinguals appear to draw on their L1 knowledge, but not on their L2 knowledge, while processing phonological information in the L3. The findings further underscore the relation between phonological perception and production in the L3.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexible utilization of spatial representation formats in working Memory: Evidence from both small-scale and large-scale environments

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104587

Wei Chen , Wenwen Li , Yushang Huang , Xiaowei Ding

{"title":"Flexible utilization of spatial representation formats in working Memory: Evidence from both small-scale and large-scale environments","authors":"Wei Chen , Wenwen Li , Yushang Huang , Xiaowei Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive studies have examined spatial representations in working memory (WM). However, their format and consistency across laboratory and large-scale environments remain less understood. Drawing insights from perception research, we proposed two hypotheses regarding the formats: polar coordinates and Cartesian coordinates, and examined these hypotheses in both small-scale and large-scale environments by error correlation analysis. Participants memorized target locations and reproduced them on a computer screen or navigated to corresponding locations in a virtual reality environment. The results revealed that participants defaulted to using polar coordinates to represent space in both environments, rather than Cartesian coordinates. Moreover, the spatial representation format proved flexible. In laboratory settings with grid-like memory contexts, participants tended to adopt Cartesian representations, with the encoding phase playing a more crucial role than the response phase. In large-scale environments, an indirect response type prompted participants to adopt Cartesian representations. Overall, our study underscores the prevalence and flexibility of polar representations for space in WM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The separability of early vocabulary and grammar knowledge

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104586

Seamus Donnelly , Evan Kidd , Jay Verkuilen , Caroline Rowland

{"title":"The separability of early vocabulary and grammar knowledge","authors":"Seamus Donnelly , Evan Kidd , Jay Verkuilen , Caroline Rowland","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A long-standing question in language development concerns the nature of the relationship between early lexical and grammatical knowledge. The very strong correlation between the two has led some to argue that lexical and grammatical knowledge may be inseparable, consistent with psycholinguistic theories that eschew a distinction between the two systems. However, little research has explicitly examined whether early lexical and grammatical knowledge are statistically separable. Moreover, there are two under-appreciated methodological challenges in such research. First, the relationship between lexical and grammatical knowledge may change during development. Second, non-linear mappings between true and observed scores on scales of lexical and grammatical knowledge could lead to spurious multidimensionality. In the present study, we overcome these challenges by using vocabulary and grammar data from several developmental time points and a statistical method robust to such non-linear mappings. In Study 1, we examined item-level vocabulary and grammar data from two American English samples from a large online repository of data from studies employing a commonly used language development scale. We found clear evidence that vocabulary and grammar were separable by two years of age. In Study 2, we combined data from two longitudinal studies of language acquisition that used the same scale (at 18/19, 21, 24 and 30 months) and found evidence that vocabulary and grammar were, under some conditions, separable by 18 months. Results indicate that, while there is clearly a very strong relationship between vocabulary and grammar knowledge in early language development, the two are separable. Implications for the mechanisms underlying language development are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual differences in state and trait mind-wandering influence episodic memory encoding and retrieval dynamics

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104604

Dillon H. Murphy, Gene A. Brewer

{"title":"Individual differences in state and trait mind-wandering influence episodic memory encoding and retrieval dynamics","authors":"Dillon H. Murphy, Gene A. Brewer","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mind-wandering is a cognitive state in which attention shifts away from a primary task to unrelated thoughts, often occurring without the individual’s awareness, and there may be both a state and trait component of mind-wandering such that some people may have a higher propensity to mind wander. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between mind-wandering and episodic memory, distinguishing between mind-wandering as a transient state versus a trait, individual differences characteristic. Specifically, through two individual differences experiments involving word list learning tasks, we explored how both state and trait mind-wandering affect overall memory performance and the dynamics of retrieval. Results indicated that state mind-wandering negatively correlated with recall and uniquely predicted memory outcomes. Additionally, participants prone to state mind-wandering showed a decreased likelihood of initiating recall with the first word studied. In contrast, while both state and trait mind-wandering were negatively associated with recall performance, trait mind-wandering did not uniquely influence memory performance. Moreover, evidence suggested that high trait mind-wandering may impair the lag-recency effect, indicating challenges in leveraging temporal contextual cues for memory retrieval. These findings suggest that while in-the-moment mind-wandering can disrupt memory formation, a predisposition towards mind-wandering does not necessarily impair memory ability but may impact the dynamics of retrieval.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do syntactic and semantic similarity lead to interference effects? Evidence from self-paced reading and event-related potentials using German

IF 2.9 1区心理学

Journal of memory and language Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2024.104599

Pia Schoknecht , Himanshu Yadav , Shravan Vasishth

{"title":"Do syntactic and semantic similarity lead to interference effects? Evidence from self-paced reading and event-related potentials using German","authors":"Pia Schoknecht , Himanshu Yadav , Shravan Vasishth","doi":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jml.2024.104599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cue-based retrieval accounts of sentence processing postulate that at a verb, retrieval cues are generated to complete a dependency with the verb’s argument(s); for example, the dependency between the subject and the verb must be completed. If these retrieval cues match with not only the subject but also with those on other nouns in the sentence, then processing difficulty arises at the verb. This difficulty in identifying the correct dependent is called similarity-based interference. We present relatively large-sample self-paced reading and event-related potentials experiments using a well-established design to investigate interference due to syntactic and semantic cues in German. In this design, the syntactic cue {+subject} and the semantic cue {+animate} are manipulated. Bayes factors analyses showed evidence for a semantic interference effect in both experiments. Surprisingly, Bayes factors provided evidence against interference due to the syntactic cue {+grammatical subject} in this particular design in both experiments. This finding contradicts the predictions of the standard implementations of cue-based retrieval theory, which (implicitly) assumes that both syntactic and semantic cues play an equal role in retrieval. We show through computational modeling that cue-based retrieval will also show no syntactic interference in the present design if the parser is assumed to keep track of which clause the subject occurs in. Thus, if syntactic retrieval cues include hierarchical syntactic information (is the noun in the same clause as the verb?), the cue-based retrieval model would exhibit patterns consistent with the observed patterns in our data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16493,"journal":{"name":"Journal of memory and language","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 104599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0