Journal of neurogenetics最新文献

{"title":"Studying complex brain dynamics using <i>Drosophila</i>.","authors":"Sophie Aimon,&nbsp;Ilona C Grunwald Kadow","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2019.1706092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2019.1706092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The field has successfully used <i>Drosophila</i> genetic tools to identify neurons and sub-circuits important for specific functions. However, for an organism with complex and changing internal states to succeed in a complex and changing natural environment, many neurons and circuits need to interact dynamically. <i>Drosophila</i>'s many advantages, combined with new imaging tools, offer unique opportunities to study how the brain functions as a complex dynamical system. We give an overview of complex activity patterns and how they can be observed, as well as modeling strategies, adding proof of principle in some cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":"34 1","pages":"171-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2019.1706092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37490076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding neurobehavioral genetics of zebrafish.","authors":"Sergey V Cheresiz,&nbsp;Andrey D Volgin,&nbsp;Alexandra Kokorina Evsyukova,&nbsp;Alim A O Bashirzade,&nbsp;Konstantin A Demin,&nbsp;Murilo S de Abreu,&nbsp;Tamara G Amstislavskaya,&nbsp;Allan V Kalueff","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2019.1698565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2019.1698565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to its fully sequenced genome, high genetic homology to humans, external fertilization, fast development, transparency of embryos, low cost and active reproduction, the zebrafish <i>(Danio rerio)</i> has become a novel promising model organism in biomedicine. Zebrafish are a useful tool in genetic and neuroscience research, including linking various genetic mutations to brain mechanisms using forward and reverse genetics. These approaches have produced novel models of rare genetic CNS disorders and common brain illnesses, such as addiction, aggression, anxiety and depression. Genetically modified zebrafish also foster neuroanatomical studies, manipulating neural circuits and linking them to different behaviors. Here, we discuss recent advances in neurogenetics of zebrafish, and evaluate their unique strengths, inherent limitations and the rapidly growing potential for elucidating the conserved roles of genes in neuropsychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":"34 2","pages":"203-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2019.1698565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37511775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Unc13A isoform is important for phasic release and olfactory memory formation at mushroom body synapses.","authors":"Jennifer Woitkuhn,&nbsp;Anatoli Ender,&nbsp;Christine B Beuschel,&nbsp;Marta Maglione,&nbsp;Tanja Matkovic-Rachid,&nbsp;Sheng Huang,&nbsp;Martin Lehmann,&nbsp;Joerg R P Geiger,&nbsp;Stephan J Sigrist","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2019.1710146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2019.1710146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cellular analysis of mushroom body (MB)-dependent memory forming processes is far advanced, whereas, the molecular and physiological understanding of their synaptic basis lags behind. Recent analysis of the <i>Drosophila</i> olfactory system showed that Unc13A, a member of the M(Unc13) release factor family, promotes a phasic, high release probability component, while Unc13B supports a slower tonic release component, reflecting their different nanoscopic positioning within individual active zones. We here use STED super-resolution microscopy of MB lobe synapses to show that Unc13A clusters closer to the active zone centre than Unc13B. Unc13A specifically supported phasic transmission and short-term plasticity of Kenyon cell:output neuron synapses, measured by combining electrophysiological recordings of output neurons with optogenetic stimulation. Knockdown of <i>unc13A</i> within Kenyon cells provoked drastic deficits of olfactory aversive short-term and anaesthesia-sensitive middle-term memory. Knockdown of <i>unc13B</i> provoked milder memory deficits. Thus, a low frequency domain transmission component is probably crucial for the proper representation of memory-associated activity patterns, consistent with sparse Kenyon cell activation during memory acquisition and retrieval. Notably, Unc13A/B ratios appeared highly diversified across MB lobes, leaving room for an interplay of activity components in memory encoding and retrieval.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":"34 1","pages":"106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2019.1710146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37577409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental psychology meets behavioral ecology: what laboratory studies of learning polymorphisms mean for learning under natural conditions, and vice versa.","authors":"Brian H Smith,&nbsp;Chelsea N Cook","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2020.1718674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2020.1718674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behavior genetics, and specifically the study of learning and memory, has benefitted immensely from the development of powerful forward- and reverse-genetic methods for investigating the relationships between genes and behavior. Application of these methods in controlled laboratory settings has led to insights into gene-behavior relationships. In this perspective article, we argue that the field is now poised to make significant inroads into understanding the adaptive value of heritable variation in behavior in natural populations. Studies of natural variation with several species, in particular, are now in a position to complement laboratory studies of mechanisms, and sometimes this work can lead to counterintuitive insights into the mechanism of gene action on behavior. We make this case using a recent example from work with the honey bee, <i>Apis mellifera</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":"34 1","pages":"178-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2020.1718674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37614171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A biographical sketch of Troy D. Zars (1967-2018).","authors":"Bertram Gerber,&nbsp;Elizabeth G King,&nbsp;Divya Sitaraman","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2020.1716749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2020.1716749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Troy D. Zars (1967-2018) was an American biologist. He studied the relationships between genes, neuronal circuits and behavior in the fruit fly <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. Zars co-pioneered the use of transgene expression to locally restore gene function in memory-defective fly mutants, an approach that provided breakthrough insights into the localization of memory traces in the fly brain. With ensuing refinements of the methods of transgene expression and the broadening in the range of transgenes to be expressed, this shaped the field of modern behavioral neurogenetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":"34 1","pages":"2-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2020.1716749","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37789435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxytocin ameliorates bone cancer pain by suppressing toll-like receptor 4 and proinflammatory cytokines in rat spinal cord.","authors":"Xiaping Mou,&nbsp;Ji Fang,&nbsp;An Yang,&nbsp;Gang Du","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2019.1711077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2019.1711077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone cancer pain is considered to be mechanistically unique compared with inflammatory or neuropathic pain states. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a transmembrane receptor protein which has been reported to be involved in neuropathic pain. However, the role of TLR4 in bone cancer pain is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the hypothesis that oxytocin may ameliorate bone cancer pain by suppressing TLR4 in spinal cord. Behavioral analysis and molecular biological experiments were carried out. Our data demonstrated that intrathecally delivery of oxytocin significantly ameliorated the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in bone cancer pain rats. Moreover, oxytocin suppressed the up-regulation of TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β in spinal cord of bone cancer pain rats. Therefore, we concluded that intrathecal administration of oxytocin relieves bone cancer pain by suppressing the up-regulation of TLR4, TNFα and IL-1β in spinal cord. Oxytocin possesses analgesic efficacy against bone cancer pain and deserves further to confirm its effectiveness in clinically relevant of cancer pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":"34 2","pages":"216-222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2019.1711077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37692128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importin-α2 mediates brain development, learning and memory consolidation in <i>Drosophila</i>.","authors":"Christine N Serway,&nbsp;Brian S Dunkelberger,&nbsp;Denise Del Padre,&nbsp;Nicole W C Nolan,&nbsp;Stephanie Georges,&nbsp;Stephanie Freer,&nbsp;Andrew J Andres,&nbsp;J Steven de Belle","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2019.1709184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2019.1709184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuronal development and memory consolidation are conserved processes that rely on nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of signaling molecules to regulate gene activity and initiate cascades of downstream cellular events. Surprisingly, few reports address and validate this widely accepted perspective. Here we show that Importin-α2 (Imp-α2), a soluble nuclear transporter that shuttles cargoes between the cytoplasm and nucleus, is vital for brain development, learning and persistent memory in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. Mutations in <i>importin-α2</i> (<i>imp-α2</i>, known as <i>Pendulin</i> or <i>Pen</i> and homologous with human <i>KPNA2</i>) are alleles of <i>mushroom body miniature B</i> (<i>mbmB</i>), a gene known to regulate aspects of brain development and influence adult behavior in flies. Mushroom bodies (MBs), paired associative centers in the brain, are smaller than normal due to defective proliferation of specific intrinsic Kenyon cell (KC) neurons in <i>mbmB</i> mutants. Extant KCs projecting to the MB β-lobe terminate abnormally on the contralateral side of the brain. <i>mbmB</i> adults have impaired olfactory learning but normal memory decay in most respects, except that protein synthesis-dependent long-term memory (LTM) is abolished. This observation supports an alternative mechanism of persistent memory in which mutually exclusive protein-synthesis-dependent and -independent forms rely on opposing cellular mechanisms or circuits. We propose a testable model of Imp-α2 and nuclear transport roles in brain development and conditioned behavior. Based on our molecular characterization, we suggest that <i>mbmB</i> is hereafter referred to as <i>imp-α2^mbmB</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":"34 1","pages":"69-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2019.1709184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37566647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding a place and leaving a mark in memory formation.","authors":"Divya Sitaraman,&nbsp;Holly LaFerriere","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2019.1706094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2019.1706094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preference for spatial locations to maximize favorable outcomes and minimize aversive experiences helps animals survive and adapt to the changing environment. Both visual and non-visual cues play a critical role in spatial navigation and memory of a place supports and guides these strategies. Here we present the neural, genetic and behavioral processes involved in place memory formation using <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> with a focus on non-visual cue based spatial memories. The work presented here highlights the work done by Dr. Troy Zars and his colleagues with an emphasis on role of biogenic amines in learning, cell biological mechanisms of neural systems and behavioral plasticity of place conditioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":"34 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2019.1706094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37492941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of DopEcR, a G-protein coupled dopamine/ecdysteroid receptor, in physiological and behavioral response to stressors.","authors":"Emily Petruccelli, Arianna Lark, James A Mrkvicka, Toshihiro Kitamoto","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2019.1710144","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01677063.2019.1710144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organisms respond to various environmental stressors by modulating physiology and behavior to maintain homeostasis. Steroids and catecholamines are involved in the highly conserved signaling pathways crucial for mounting molecular and cellular events that ensure immediate or long-term survival under stress conditions. The insect dopamine/ecdysteroid receptor (DopEcR) is a dual G-protein coupled receptor for the catecholamine dopamine and the steroid hormone ecdysone. DopEcR acts in a ligand-dependent manner, mediating dopaminergic signaling and unconventional \"nongenomic\" ecdysteroid actions through various intracellular signaling pathways. This unique feature of DopEcR raises the interesting possibility that DopEcR may serve as an integrative hub for complex molecular cascades activated under stress conditions. Here, we review previously published studies of <i>Drosophila DopEcR</i> in the context of stress response and also present newly discovered <i>DopEcR</i> loss-of-function phenotypes under different stress conditions. These findings provide corroborating evidence that DopEcR plays vital roles in responses to various stressors, including heat, starvation, alcohol, courtship rejection, and repeated neuronal stimulation in <i>Drosophila</i>. We further discuss what is known about DopEcR in other insects and DopEcR orthologs in mammals, implicating their roles in stress responses. Overall, this review highlights the importance of dual GPCRs for catecholamines and steroids in modulating physiology and behavior under stress conditions. Further multidisciplinary studies of <i>Drosophila</i> DopEcR will contribute to our basic understanding of the functional roles and underlying mechanisms of this class of GPCRs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":"34 1","pages":"55-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2019.1710144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37558494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential localization of voltage-gated potassium channels during <i>Drosophila</i> metamorphosis.","authors":"Jan Werner,&nbsp;Jashar Arian,&nbsp;Ida Bernhardt,&nbsp;Stefanie Ryglewski,&nbsp;Carsten Duch","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2020.1715972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2020.1715972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuronal excitability is determined by the combination of different ion channels and their sub-neuronal localization. This study utilizes protein trap fly strains with endogenously tagged channels to analyze the spatial expression patterns of the four Shaker-related voltage-gated potassium channels, K_v1-4, in the larval, pupal, and adult <i>Drosophila</i> ventral nerve cord. We find that all four channels (Shaker, K_v1; Shab, K_v2; Shaw, K_v3; and Shal, K_v4) each show different spatial expression patterns in the <i>Drosophila</i> ventral nerve cord and are predominantly targeted to different sub-neuronal compartments. Shaker is abundantly expressed in axons, Shab also localizes to axons but mostly in commissures, Shaw expression is restricted to distinct parts of neuropils, and Shal is found somatodendritically, but also in axons of identified motoneurons. During early pupal life expression of all four Shaker-related channels is markedly decreased with an almost complete shutdown of expression at early pupal stage 5 (∼30% through metamorphosis). Re-expression of K_v1-4 channels at pupal stage 6 starts with abundant channel localization in neuronal somata, followed by channel targeting to the respective sub-neuronal compartments until late pupal life. The developmental time course of tagged K_v1-4 channel expression corresponds with previously published data on developmental changes in single neuron physiology, thus indicating that protein trap fly strains are a useful tool to analyze developmental regulation of potassium channel expression. Finally, we take advantage of the large diameter of the giant fiber (GF) interneuron to map channel expression onto the axon and axon terminals of an identified interneuron. Shaker, Shaw, and Shal but not Shab channels localize to the non-myelinated GF axonal membrane and axon terminals. This study constitutes a first step toward systematically analyzing sub-neuronal potassium channel localization in <i>Drosophila</i>. Functional implications as well as similarities and differences to K_v1-4 channel localization in mammalian neurons are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":"34 1","pages":"133-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2020.1715972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37591034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}