Journal of neurogenetics最新文献

{"title":"The <i>Drosophila foraging</i> gene plays a vital role at the start of metamorphosis for subsequent adult emergence.","authors":"Ina Anreiter,&nbsp;Aaron M Allen,&nbsp;Oscar E Vasquez,&nbsp;Lydia To,&nbsp;Scott J Douglas,&nbsp;Javier V Alvarez,&nbsp;John Ewer,&nbsp;Marla B Sokolowski","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2021.1914608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2021.1914608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>foraging</i> (<i>for</i>) gene has been extensively studied in many species for its functions in development, physiology, and behavior. It is common for genes that influence behavior and development to be essential genes, and <i>for</i> has been found to be an essential gene in both fruit flies and mammals, with <i>for</i> mutants dying before reaching the adult stage. However, the biological process underlying the lethality associated with this gene is not known. Here, we show that in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, some but not all gene products of <i>for</i> are essential for survival. Specifically, we show that promoter 3 of <i>for</i>, but not promoters 1, 2, and 4 are required for survival past pupal stage. We use full and partial genetic deletions of <i>for</i>, and temperature-restricted knock-down of the gene to further investigate the stage of lethality. While deletion analysis shows that flies lacking <i>for</i> die at the end of pupal development, as pharate adults, temperature-restricted knock-down shows that <i>for</i> is only required at the start of pupal development, for normal adult emergence (AE) and viability. We further show that the inability of these mutants to emerge from their pupal cases is linked to deficiencies in emergence behaviors, caused by a possible energy deficiency, and finally, that the lethality of <i>for</i> mutants seems to be linked to protein isoform P3, transcribed from <i>for</i> promoter 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":" ","pages":"179-191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2021.1914608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38946552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning about quantitative genetics from Marla Sokolowski.","authors":"Ralph J Greenspan","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2021.1940167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2021.1940167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marla Sokolowski is a true pioneer in behavioral genetics, having made the first molecular delineation of a naturally occurring behavioral polymorphism in her work on the foraging locus in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. The gene was subsequently found to be responsible for behavioral variants and types in many other species, both invertebrate and mammal (human). The path to get there is a paradigmatic example of how to use the power of genetic analysis, including some rather esoteric techniques, to zero in on a gene and delineate its molecular identity and its pleiotropic roles.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":" ","pages":"110-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2021.1940167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39232129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A latitudinal cline in a courtship song character of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.","authors":"Rosamund A Stanley,&nbsp;Charalambos P Kyriacou","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2021.1933968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2021.1933968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The courtship song of male <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> is generated by wing vibration and contains an interpulse interval (IPI) which is species-specific and usually falls in the mean range of 30-40 ms. The IPI is extremely temperature-sensitive, so we wondered whether flies collected along the eastern coast of Australia between latitudes 16.9°S and 42.9°S might have adapted to the different thermal conditions and show differences in mean IPI. We observe a significant correlation between IPI and latitude in addition to the well-known association between latitude and body size (Bergmannn's Rule). However, somewhat surprisingly we could not detect a significant association between body size and IPI. We also examined flies collected from the North and South-facing slopes of 'Evolution Canyon' in Israel and observed differences in IPI that support the view that thermal adaptation can shape this important song character. We also examined the songs of flies from Kenya and observed no correlation between altitude of collection and IPI. In all three experiments, body size did not correlate with IPI. A global analysis of all three sets of populations on three continents revealed a strong association between IPI and latitude. We speculate that IPI is shaped by thermal and sexual selection whereas body size is also shaped by natural selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":" ","pages":"333-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2021.1933968","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39072558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women in science: a son's perspective.","authors":"Dustin J Sokolowski","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2021.1940171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2021.1940171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I am often asked how our mother inspired my sister Moriah and me to want to become scientists. She never directly suggested we should go down that path. Instead, she shared the aspects of the natural world, that she loved, with us while keeping the non-science aspects of her job separate from our lives at home. Now, I have learned that her perspective provides insights that spark innovative discoveries, some of which challenged the status quo. Her passion for research has allowed her to pursue what she believes to be worth studying. Her personality and collaborative nature allow her to be teased at home, facilitate a room of diverse opinions, and command a hall of hundreds of people. Her respect for those around her is inspiring. My mom's trust in her trainees and collaborators allows her to answer questions that could fundamentally not be answered had she pigeonholed herself to a single field. She managed to accomplish everything while being nothing other than my mom to me, and I am so glad that I am growing into a person who can truly appreciate the woman she is to everyone else.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":" ","pages":"104-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2021.1940171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39088641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular spectrum, family screening and genetic counselling of Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA) cases in an Indian scenario.","authors":"Priyanka Vishwakarma,&nbsp;Sarita Agarwal,&nbsp;Deepika Delsa Dean,&nbsp;Srinivasan Muthuswamy,&nbsp;Kausik Mandal","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2021.1940172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2021.1940172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA) is a heterogeneous adult-onset disorder with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern mainly caused by triplet repeat expansions. Clinical diagnosis of SCA is based on phenotypic features followed by confirmation through molecular diagnosis. To identify status of repeat range in Indian SCA cases and provide extended family screening, we enrolled 70 clinical SCA suspects. For molecular diagnosis, multiplex PCR (M-PCR) was used for common Indian SCA subtypes 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 12 and 17. TP-PCR was further used in SCA2, 7 and 10 to identify larger expansions. Eighteen out of 70 SCA suspects (25%) were found to be positive for various SCA subtypes- (5 SCA1 (28%), 6 SAC2 (34%), 2 SCA3 (12%), 3 SCA7 (16%) and one each for SCA6 (1%) and SCA17 (1%) subtypes). Genetic counselling and extended family screening were offered to all positive cases and yielded additional nine cases. We have established M-PCR and TP-PCR to detect the CAG repeat expansion in SCA suspects. This method can confirm SCA subtypes in a reliable, rapid and cost-effective way. Genetic characterization of SCA-related genes has great clinical relevance, as it could provide additional information and guidance to clinicians and family members regarding prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":" ","pages":"370-380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2021.1940172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39098290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A quick and versatile protocol for the 3D visualization of transgene expression across the whole body of larval <i>Drosophila</i>.","authors":"Oliver Kobler,&nbsp;Aliće Weiglein,&nbsp;Kathrin Hartung,&nbsp;Yi-Chun Chen,&nbsp;Bertram Gerber,&nbsp;Ulrich Thomas","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2021.1892096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2021.1892096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Larval <i>Drosophila</i> are used as a genetically accessible study case in many areas of biological research. Here we report a fast, robust and user-friendly procedure for the whole-body multi-fluorescence imaging of <i>Drosophila</i> larvae; the protocol has been optimized specifically for larvae by systematically tackling the pitfalls associated with clearing this small but cuticularized organism. Tests on various fluorescent proteins reveal that the recently introduced monomeric infrared fluorescent protein (mIFP) is particularly suitable for our approach. This approach comprises an effective, low-cost clearing protocol with minimal handling time and reduced toxicity in the reagents employed. It combines a success rate high enough to allow for small-scale screening approaches and a resolution sufficient for cellular-level analyses with light sheet and confocal microscopy. Given that publications and database documentations typically specify expression patterns of transgenic driver lines only within a given organ system of interest, the present procedure should be versatile enough to extend such documentation systematically to the whole body. As examples, the expression patterns of transgenic driver lines covering the majority of neurons, or subsets of chemosensory, central brain or motor neurons, are documented in the context of whole larval body volumes (using nsyb-Gal4, IR76b-Gal4, APL-Gal4 and mushroom body Kenyon cells, or OK371-Gal4, respectively). Notably, the presented protocol allows for triple-color fluorescence imaging with near-infrared, red and yellow fluorescent proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":" ","pages":"306-319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2021.1892096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25451945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditioned courtship suppression in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.","authors":"Nicholas Raun,&nbsp;Spencer Jones,&nbsp;Jamie M Kramer","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2021.1873323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2021.1873323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> males reduce courtship behaviour after mating failure. In the lab, such conditioned courtship suppression, aka 'courtship conditioning', serves as a complex learning and memory assay. Interestingly, variations in the courtship conditioning assay can establish different types of memory. Here, we review research investigating the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that allow male flies to form memories of previous mating failures.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":" ","pages":"154-167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2021.1873323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25317301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women in science: a daughter's perspective.","authors":"H Moriah Sokolowski","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2021.1940168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2021.1940168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the first grade, in one of my first classes, my teacher read us a story about a scientist. To my utter shock, the scientist was a man. After the story, I asked the teacher, 'can men be scientists?' She looked at me, bewildered, and replied: 'of course, anyone can be a scientist.' It was not until later that my teacher learned that my mother is a scientist, and the only scientists I had ever met were women, like me.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":" ","pages":"101-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2021.1940168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39252510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulation of Myt1 expression acts as a potential peripheral biomarker for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.","authors":"Maryam Ghanbarirad,&nbsp;Mehrdad Hashemi,&nbsp;Seyed Mehdi Saberi,&nbsp;Ahmad Majd","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2021.1928663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2021.1928663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are among the most debilitating mental conditions. Diagnostic criteria for MDD include psychological and physical symptoms, such as low mood and changes in appetite or sleep, respectively. BPD in addition to periods of depression represents episodes of mania or hypomania, and elevation in mood and energy levels are associated with this condition. Dysregulation in adult neurogenesis and myelination have been reported in psychiatric disorders. As a key factor in neurogenesis, it was hypothesized that <i>Myt1</i> gene expression may be altered in these conditions. Using Real-time PCR, Myt1 expression level in 100 MDD patients and 100 BPD patients, compared with healthy control (HC) individuals was evaluated. Results demonstrate significant downregulation of Myt1 in MDD and BPD. Logistic regression analysis and binary classification evaluation reveal potential risk factor and biomarker characteristics of Myt1, respectively. Moreover, forward and backward digit span results denote a significant reduction in the function of working memory (WM) of MDD and BPD subjects. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between Myt1 downregulation and WM disruption in the affected individuals. In conclusion, due to its altered role in neurogenesis, downregulation of Myt1 can be associated with the pathology of MDD and BPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":" ","pages":"381-386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2021.1928663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38916619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of mGluR1-LTD following cocaine exposure accumulates Ca²⁺-permeable AMPA receptors and facilitates synaptic potentiation in the prefrontal cortex.","authors":"Hongyu Ruan,&nbsp;Wei-Dong Yao","doi":"10.1080/01677063.2021.1931180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01677063.2021.1931180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Addiction results from drug-elicited alterations of synaptic plasticity mechanisms in dopaminergic reward circuits. Impaired metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-dependent long-term depression (LTD) and accumulation of synaptic Ca²⁺-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) following drug exposure have emerged as important mechanisms underlying drug craving and relapse. Here we show that repeated cocaine exposure in vivo causes transient but complete loss of mGluR1- and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)-dependent LTD in layer 5 pyramidal neurons of mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC), a major dopaminergic target in the reward circuitry. This mGluR1-LTD impairment was prevented by in vivo administration of an mGluR1 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) and rescued by inhibition of dopamine D1 receptors, suggesting that impaired mGluR1 tone and excessive D1 signaling underlie this LTD deficit. Concurrently, CP-AMPARs were generated, indicated by increased sensitivity to the CP-AMPAR inhibitor Naspm and rectification of synaptic AMPAR currents, which were reversed by PAM in cocaine-exposed mice. Finally, these CP-AMPARs mediate an abnormal spike-timing-dependent long-term potentiation enabled by cocaine exposure. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which cocaine impairs LTD and remodels synaptic AMPARs to influence Hebbian plasticity in the PFC. Failure to undergo LTD may prevent the reversal of drug-potentiated brain circuits to their baseline states, perpetuating addictive behaviors.HIGHLIGHTSA mGluR1- and mTOR-dependent LTD is present in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex.Repeated cocaine exposure <i>in vivo</i> temporally but completely abolishes prefrontal mGluR1-LTD.Impaired mGluR1 function and excessive D1 DA signaling likely underlie cocaine impairment of mGluR1-LTD.Ca²⁺-permeable AMPA receptors are generated by cocaine exposure, likely resulting from mGluR1-LTD impairment, and contribute to a cocaine-induced extended spike timing LTP.</p>","PeriodicalId":16491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurogenetics","volume":"35 4","pages":"358-369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01677063.2021.1931180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10441038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}