Journal of nematology最新文献

{"title":"Nematicidal Properties of Chitosan Nanoformulation.","authors":"R Mouniga, B Anita, A Lakshmanan, A Shanthi, G Karthikeyan","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0033","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chitosan is the second most abundant bio-polymer available in the world, second only to cellulose. It is found in crustaceous shells, e.g., those of crabs, shrimps, prawns, and fungi, as well as insect exoskeletons. The use of nanoformulations for the management of pests and diseases is receiving increased interest with the advancement of nanotechnology. Here, chitosan nanospheres were obtained from chitosan using the ionic gelation technique. The nanoformulations obtained were characterized using a particle size analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and a transmission electron microscope. The efficacy of chitosan nanospheres in suppressing the root-knot nematode <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> was studied. The particle size of nanospheres formulated for this study was 380.2 nm, with a polydispersity index (PI) of 0.4 and Zeta potential of 45.7 or 50.9 mV at pH 5.2. The chitosan nanospheres were spherical and the particles did not agglomerate. FTIR spectra of the chitosan nanospheres peaked at 3334 cm^-1, thereby indicating the stretching of the OH and NH group. In In-vitro studies, chitosan nanospheres showed significant nematicidal activity against <i>M. incognita</i>. Under pot culture conditions, chitosan nanospheres (1%- active compound chitosan) at 2ml/plant decreased the nematode population in roots or soil. Compared to the control, the number of galls was reduced by 83.68%, the number of egg masses by 83.85%, the number of adult females by 66.56%, and the number of second-stage juveniles by 73.20%. In a field experiment, application of chitosan nanospheres (1%) was followed by a 18.75% increase in fruit yield compared to the non-treated control.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230033"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10446853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10229424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed Treatments for Management of Soybean Cyst Nematode, <i>Heterodera glycines</i>, in Mid-Atlantic Soybean Production.","authors":"Alexandra C Kessler, Alyssa M Koehler","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN), <i>Heterodera glycines</i> Ichinohe, is the most important pathogen of soybean in the Mid-Atlantic region. In recent decades, a decline in the effectiveness of genetic resistance has been observed and additional management approaches are needed. Seed treatments are of rising interest, but no local data on product response exists for the region. In 2020-2021, two experiments were conducted to observe the effects of chemical and biological seed treatment options. In one experiment, chemical seed treatments pydiflumetofen (Saltro®) and fluopyram (ILEVO®) were screened against nontreated plain seed for SCN suppression. In a second experiment, pydiflumetofen, fluopyram and four biological nematode-protectant seed treatments with a standard base insecticide and fungicide treatment were compared to nontreated plain seed and seed with only the standard base treatment to test product efficacy against SCN. Seed treatments increased the percent emergence over plain seed. Nematode reproductive factors and female counts from roots were collected, but did not statistically differ between seed treatments or plain seed. Yield differences were observed in one of the five trials, where pydiflumetofen + base seed treatment yielded the highest (<i>p</i> < 0.001) at 3813.1 kg/ha. Response from seed treatments varied, with no specific seed treatment consistently reducing SCN populations or increasing yield across trials. Seed treatments may have potential as an element of an integrated management approach for SCN.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10390846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10603234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multigene Sequence-Based and Phenotypic Characterization Reveals the Occurrence of a Novel Entomopathogenic Nematode Species, <i>Steinernema anantnagense</i> n. sp.","authors":"Aashaq Hussain Bhat, Ricardo A R Machado, Joaquín Abolafia, Tarique Hassan Askary, Vladimír Půža, Alba Nazaret Ruiz-Cuenca, Aasha Rana, Samy Sayed, Laila A Al-Shuraym","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three entomopathogenic nematode populations were isolated from agricultural fields in the Anantnag district of Jammu and Kashmir (India). Sequences of multiple gene regions and phenotypic features show that they are conspecific and represent a novel species. Molecular and morphological features provided evidence for placing the new species into the \"<i>Kushidai</i>\" clade. Within this clade, analysis of sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene, the D2D3 region of the 28S rRNA gene, the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (<i>mtCOI</i>) gene, and the mitochondrial 12S (<i>mt12S</i>) gene depicted the novel species as a distinctive entity closely related to <i>Steinernema akhursti</i>, <i>S. kushidai</i>, and <i>S. populi</i>. Phylogenetic analyses also show that the new species is a sister species to <i>S. akhursti</i>, and these two species are closely related to <i>S. kushidai</i> and <i>S. populi</i>. Additionally, the new species does not mate or produce fertile progeny with any of the closely related species, reinforcing its uniqueness from a biological species concept standpoint. The new species is further characterized by the third-stage infective juveniles with almost straight bodies (0.7-0.8 mm length), poorly developed stoma and pharynx, and conoid-elongate tail (49-66 µm) with hyaline posterior part. Adult females are characterized by short and conoid tails bearing a short mucron in the first generation and long conoid tails with thin mucron in the second generation. Adult males have ventrally curved spicules in both generations. Moreover, the first-generation male has rounded manubrium, fusiform gubernaculum, conoid and slightly ventrally curved tails with minute mucron, and the second generation has rhomboid manubrium anteriorly ventrad bent, and tails with long and robust mucron. The morphological, morphometrical, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses support the new species status of this nematode, which is hereby described as <i>Steinernema anantnagense</i> n. sp. The bacterial symbiont associated with <i>S. anantnagense</i> n. sp. represents a novel species, closely related to <i>Xenorhabdus japonica</i>. These findings shed light on the diversity of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria, providing valuable information for future studies in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10341053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10236988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with <i>Cannabis sativa</i> in Florida.","authors":"J Desaeger, J Coburn, J Freeman, Z Brym","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The subtropical climate of Florida allows for a wide range of crops to be grown. With the classification of hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L., <0.3% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) as an agricultural commodity, hemp has become a potential alternative crop in Florida. Hemp cultivars of different geographies (Europe, China, and North America), and uses (fiber, oil and CBD), were evaluated in three field experiments. The field experiments evaluated a total of 26 cultivars and were conducted for two consecutive seasons at three different locations (soil types) in North (sandy loam), Central (fine sand), and South Florida (gravelly loam). Nematode soil populations were measured at the end of each season. A diverse population of plant-parasitic nematodes was found, with reniform nematodes (RN, <i>Rotylenchulus reniformis</i>) the dominant species in North and South Florida (up to 27.5 nematodes/cc soil), and RKN (<i>Meloidogne javanica</i>) the main species in central Florida (up to 4.7 nematodes/cc soil). Other nematodes that were commonly found in south Florida (and to a lesser extent north Florida) were spiral (<i>Helicotylenchus</i> spp.), stunt (<i>Tylenchorhynchus</i> spp.) and ring nematodes (Criconemoids), while in central Florida, stubby root (<i>Nanidorus minor</i>) and sting nematodes (<i>Belonolaimus longicaduatus</i>) were found. No significant difference among hemp cultivars was noted at any of the locations. RKN were found in all three regions and soils, while RN were only found in North and South Florida. This is the first report on plant-parasitic nematodes associated with hemp in Florida fields. Natural nematode populations varied greatly, depending on where in Florida hemp was grown. Growers who wish to include hemp in their crop rotation need to be aware of potential pest pressure from nematodes. More research is needed to determine to what extent nematodes, especially RKN and RN, can reduce hemp growth and yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230018"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10324118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10602744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Belonolaimus longicaudatus</i> management using metam potassium and fluensulfone in potato.","authors":"Zane J Grabau, Chang Liu, Pablo A Navia Gine","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Belonolaimus longicaudatus</i> (sting nematode) is an important pest in Florida potato production and is managed primarily by fumigation using 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D). Other effective nematicides are needed for more flexibility in managing this pest. The objective of this study was to evaluate fluensulfone, metam potassium, and mixtures of the two products, relative to 1,3-D and untreated control, for efficacy at managing sting nematode, and for non-target effects on free-living nematodes in potato. To test this objective, a small-plot field experiment was conducted in northeast Florida in 2020 and repeated in 2021. Metam potassium fumigation (390 kg a.i./treated ha)-with or without fluensulfone-managed sting nematode soil abundances but was phytotoxic to potato. Strategies that mitigate metam potassium phytotoxicity, such as reduced application rates, are needed before efficacy of metam potassium in this system can be determined. As a preplant soil spray, fluensulfone alone (403 g a.i./treated ha) did not manage sting nematode abundances and had an inconsistent effect on yield. Fumigation with 1,3-D (88.3 kg a.i./treated ha) was the only treatment that consistently managed sting nematode and increased potato yield. Nematicides did not consistently affect free-living nematodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10324121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10602746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence of Two Isolates of <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> (Guava Root-Knot Nematode) from North Carolina on Cotton Lines Resistant to Southern Root-Knot Nematode (<i>M. incognita</i>) and Reniform Nematode (<i>Rotylenchulus reniformis</i>).","authors":"Amanda G Gaudin, Martin J Wubben, Jack C McCarty, Johnie N Jenkins","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> [the guava root-knot nematode (RKN)] is an emerging plant-parasitic nematode that poses a threat to Upland cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) production in the southeastern United States. Like other RKN spp., <i>M. enterolobii</i> has a wide host range and proven ability to overcome resistance sources that have helped protect crops from other <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp., including the southern RKN (<i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>). In this study we evaluated the virulence of two North Carolina <i>M. enterolobii</i> isolates on Upland cotton germplasm lines having resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) to RKN (M240 RNR, MRk-Rn-1) and/or reniform nematode (<i>Rotylenchulus reniformis</i>) (M713 Ren1, MRk-Rn-1) in comparison to their susceptible recurrent parents (DPL61, SG747). Multiple assays using eggs or J2 as inoculum demonstrated that both isolates reproduced equally well on all germplasm lines, producing reproductive factor (RF) values ≥ 6 on the otherwise nematode-resistant lines. Measurements of seedling growth in control and inoculated containers suggested that existing nematode-resistance QTL may offer a level of tolerance to <i>M. enterolobii</i> infection that should be further explored in greenhouse and field environments. <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> infection of SG747 and MRk-Rn-1 showed nearly identical stages of symptom and nematode development over a time-course of 24 days. These data demonstrate that existing RKN and RN resistance QTL available in elite cotton varieties to producers are most likely insufficient in preventing yield loss due to <i>M. enterolobii</i> and that future research should focus on (i) understanding the <i>M. enterolobii</i>-cotton interaction at the molecular level, and (ii) screening novel germplasm collections to identify resistance loci.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230021"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10288305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10602706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Reports and Morphological and Molecular Characterization of <i>Pratylenchus delattrei</i> and <i>Quinisulcius capitatus</i> Associated with Chickpea in Ethiopia.","authors":"Habtamu Kefelegn, Beira Hailu Meressa, Sunheng Yon, Marjolein Couvreur, Wim M L Wesemael, Misghina G Teklu, Wim Bert","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) is classed among the most important leguminous crops of high economic value in Ethiopia. Two plant-parasitic nematode species, <i>Pratylenchus delattrei</i> and <i>Quinisulcius capitatus</i>, were recovered from chickpea-growing areas in Ethiopia and characterized using molecular and morphological data, including the first scanning electron microscopy data for <i>P. delattrei</i>. New sequences of D2-D3 of 28S, ITS rDNA and mtDNA <i>COI</i> genes have been obtained from these species, providing the first <i>COI</i> sequences for <i>P. delattrei</i> and <i>Q. capitatus,</i> with both species being found for the first time on chickpea in Ethiopia. Furthermore, <i>Pratylenchus delattrei</i> was recovered in Ethiopia for the first time. The information obtained about these nematodes will be crucial to developing effective nematode management plans for future chickpea production.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10258564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10290949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotation of Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) Cultivars and Fallow on Yield and <i>Rotylenchulus reniformis</i>.","authors":"Casiani Soto-Ramos, Terry A Wheeler, Jonathan Shockey, Cecilia Monclova-Santana","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A three-year rotation of cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) cultivars either resistant (R) or susceptible (S) to <i>Rotylenchulus reniformis</i> and fallow (F) was examined for effect on cotton yield and nematode density. In year 1, 2, and 3, the resistant cultivar (DP 2143NR B3XF) yielded 78, 77, and 113% higher than the susceptible cultivar (DP 2044 B3XF). Fallow in year 1 followed by S in year 2 (F1S2) improved yield in year 2 by 24% compared with S1S2, but not as much as R1S2 (41% yield increase over S1S2). One year of fallow followed by R (F1R2) had lower yield in year 2 (11% reduction) than R1R2. The highest yield after three years of these rotations occurred with R1R2R3, followed by R1S2R3 (17% less yield) and F1F2S3 (35% less yield). <i>Rotylenchulus reniformis</i> density in soil averaged 57, 65, and 70% lower (year 1, 2, 3, respectively) in R1R2R3 compared with S1S2S3. In years 1 and 2, LOG₁₀ transformed nematode density (LREN) was lower in F1, and F1F2, than for all other combinations. In year 3, the lowest LREN were associated with R1R2R3, F1S2F3, and F1F2S3. The highest LREN were associated with F1R2S3, F1S2S3, S1S2S3, R1R2S3, and R1S2S3. The combination of higher yield and lower nematode density will be a strong incentive for producers to use the <i>R. reniformis</i> resistant cultivars continuously.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10227766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction of Commercial Cultivars of Kiwifruit to Infection by Root-knot Nematode and Its Biocontrol Using Endophytic Bacteria.","authors":"Seyedeh Najmeh Banihashemian, Salar Jamali, Morteza Golmohammadi, Sina Noorizadeh, Mohammad Reza Atighi","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Root-knot nematodes (RKN) cause considerable economic losses to kiwifruit production annually. Screening of resistant cultivars has been one of the long-standing methods to manage root-knot nematodes. Here, the reaction of the four most common commercial cultivars of kiwifruit, namely, <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>deliciosa</i> cv. Hayward, <i>A. chinensis</i> var. <i>deliciosa</i> cv. Abbott, <i>A. chinensis</i> var. <i>deliciosa</i> cv. Bruno, and <i>A. chinensis</i> var. <i>chinensis</i> cv. Haegeum (commonly known as 'Golden' kiwifruit) to infection by the RKN, <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>, was evaluated. Among examined cultivars 'Golden' was the most susceptible, having on average 52.8 galls, 56.1 egg masses per gram of root, and 642 J2 population per 200 gram of soil. 'Bruno' showed the highest resistance, with 3.3 galls, 4.1 egg masses per gram of root, and 79 J2 in 200 g of soil. Then, two potential biological control agents, namely <i>Priestia megaterium</i> 31.en and <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> 19.en were used on 'Hayward' seedlings against <i>M. incognita</i> and showed a significant reduction in the number of galls and egg masses on roots, juvenile population in the soil, and increased the growth parameters of the plants compared to non-treated seedlings. We demonstrated that integrated management using resistant cultivars and biological control can provide a safe and economic method to control RKN, and these resistant cultivars can be used in breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230020"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10241307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10239817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Direct Damage Caused by the Stubby-Root Nematode, <i>Nanidorus minor</i>, to Strawberry (<i>Fragaria</i> x <i>ananassa</i>), in Florida.","authors":"Clemen J Oliveira, Renato N Inserra, Johan A Desaeger","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2019-2022, declining symptoms were observed in two commercial strawberry farms in Hillsborough County, Florida. The fields in the two farms consisted of raised beds covered by plastic mulch. Both were fumigated with a mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene (40%) + chloropicrin (60%) before planting. Samples collected from large patches with declining plants were infested with stubby-root nematodes. No sting and root-knot nematode species were detected. The results of morphological and molecular analyses indicated that the stubby-root nematode populations were representative of the species <i>Nanidorus minor</i>. The two cultivars 'Florida Brilliance' and 'Florida Sensation' in the two fields included plants with stubby root symptoms showing a reduction in the size of the root system and arrested growth and elongation of the feeder roots on the first strawberry crop. The nematode population densities in the two fields increased at the end of strawberry season and averaged 66 and 96 specimens in 200 cm³ soil. In one of the fields, a second strawberry crop was established as in the previous year using the same practices (fumigation and raised beds covered with plastic). However, in this field the population of <i>N. minor</i> declined and did not reach damaging levels at the end of the season on the second strawberry crop. The factors causing the decline of the nematode population were not elucidated. This is the first report of a direct damaging effect of <i>N. minor</i> to strawberry.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10241308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10238283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}