Journal of nematology最新文献

{"title":"Systemic Activity and Phytotoxicity of Fluensulfone in Vegetable Transplants Infected by <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>.","authors":"Francisco Franco-Navarro, Antoon T Ploeg","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0036","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluensulfone is the active ingredient of the non-fumigant nematicide Nimitz. It is much less harmful to the environment and has much improved worker safety compared to broad-spectrum fumigant nematicides. The product is registered for use in a variety of crops, including fruiting vegetables, and is applied to soil 7-14 days before seeding or planting. Although labeled for soil application, earlier research suggested that fluensulfone has systemic nematicidal activity when applied as a leaf spray application but also may cause some phytotoxic effects in some crops when applied as a leaf spray. In replicated greenhouse pot experiments, the nematicidal activity and phytotoxicity of fluensulfone applied as a soil drench was compared to a leaf spray application in tomato, eggplant, melon, and three pepper cultivars. A leaf spray application with fluensulfone significantly reduced <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> infestation of the roots but was highly phytotoxic to melon and eggplant. Tomato and particularly peppers were less sensitive to fluensulfone leaf sprays. In further experiments we showed that the active ingredient is exuded or leaks out of the roots into the rhizosphere as spraying tomato or pepper plants with fluensulfone resulted in a high mortality of <i>M. incognita</i> second-stage juveniles in a water suspension surrounding the roots. This effect was observed within 12-24 hr after the spray application.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"57 1","pages":"20250036"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12399278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Strawberry and Molecular Identification of <i>Meloidogyne</i> and <i>Pratylenchus</i> Species in the Central Region of Costa Rica.","authors":"Ricardo Brenes-Campos, Lester A Núñez-Rodríguez, Lorena Flores-Chaves, Danny A Humphreys-Pereira","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0033","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strawberries are primarily cultivated in the Central Region of Costa Rica due to the favorable growing conditions there. However, several factors can affect the final yield and quality of strawberries, including the presence of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN). Unfortunately, no surveys have been conducted in the country to identify the PPN affecting production. This study aimed to identify morphologically PPN genera associated with strawberry in the Central Region of Costa Rica, and to identify the <i>Meloidogyne</i> and <i>Pratylenchus</i> species using molecular techniques. A nematode survey was performed between 2018 and 2021 across four provinces: Cartago, Alajuela, Heredia, and San José. The most frequent nematodes found in both root samples (n = 55) and soil samples (n = 53) were <i>Meloidogyne</i> (Frequency of occurrence, FO = 78% in root and 62% in soil) and <i>Pratylenchus</i> (FO = 56% and 43%, respectively) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Molecular techniques with species-specific primers, such as PCR-RFLP and PCR, allowed for the identification of 13 <i>Meloidogyne</i> populations, all confirmed to be <i>M. hapla</i>. DNA sequencing of the partial mitochondrial <i>COI</i> gene and PCR with species-specific primers found 11 <i>Pratylenchus</i> populations, with 10 identified as <i>P. penetrans</i> and one as <i>P. hippeastri</i>. Further studies should focus on pathogenicity assays with a diversity of strawberry cultivars to assess damage potential and develop strategies for integrated management of PPN in strawberry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"57 1","pages":"20250033"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12399280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of <i>Heterodera glycines</i> Virulence Phenotypes on the Performance of Nematode-Protectant Seed Treatments.","authors":"Jefferson Barizon, Kaitlyn Bissonnette, Meghan Biggs, Alexandria Haafke, Mandy Bish","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0032","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybean cyst nematode (SCN; <i>Heterodera glycines</i>) is a major pathogen of soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) in North America. Although nematodeprotectant seed treatments can complement SCN-resistant soybean varieties in managing this pathogen, their efficacy across different SCN virulence phenotypes remains unclear. This study evaluated whether SCN phenotype influences seed treatment performance and assessed treatment effects on SCN reproduction under controlled conditions. Seeds of the SCN-resistant variety P37A27X (PI 88788) were treated with a base fungicide and insecticide, or the base combined with Aveo EZ (<i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>); Bio ST (heat-killed <i>Burkholderia rinojensis</i>); Clariva PN (<i>Pasteuria nishizawae</i>); ILEVO (fluopyram); Saltro (pydiflumetofen); or Trunemco (cis-jasmone and <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i>). Untreated resistant and susceptible seeds served as controls. One non-virulent (HG type 0) and two virulent (HG types 2.5.7 and 1.2.5.7) phenotypes were tested, and treatments were evaluated 30 days after planting. Base-and-ILEVO treatment reduced the population of SCN females by 29% to 72% across phenotypes, and also reduced root mass by 28%, indicating early phytotoxic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"57 1","pages":"20250032"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Molecular Characterization of <i>Hoplolaimus tuberosus</i> n. sp. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) Associated with Potato in Uganda.","authors":"Rose Mwesige, Joseph Maosa, Marjolein Couvreur, Wim Bert","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0025","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The new nematode species <i>Hoplolaimus tuberosus</i> n. sp., isolated from potato rhizosphere in Budwale sub-county, Mbale district, Eastern Uganda, is characterized based on light and scanning electron microscopy alongside four molecular markers. Females of <i>H. tuberosus</i> n. sp. are moderately large (1.2-1.6 mm) and exhibit distinctive morphological features, including an offset lip region with 4-5 lip annuli, a basal lip annule divided into 10-12 irregular blocks, a robust stylet (45-50 μm), a variable lateral field, characterized by one incisure (zigzag longitudinal line formed by anastomoses) anteriorly and posteriorly, and 2-3 irregular, incomplete striae at mid-body, a secretory-excretory pore positioned anterior to the hemizonid, 6 gland nuclei, and a hemispherical to bluntly rounded tail with 8-10 annuli. Males are slightly smaller at 1.0-1.3 mm, have a basal lip annule divided into 2-4 blocks and relatively long spicules (46-58 μm). Phylogenetic analyses of COI mtDNA, ITS-rRNA, 18S-rRNA and D2D3 of 28S-rRNA demonstrated a close relation of the new species with morphologically similar species (<i>Hoplolaimus columbus</i>, <i>Hoplolaimus indicus, Hoplolaimus seinhorsti</i>, <i>Hoplolaimus dubius</i> and <i>Hoplolaimus pararobustus)</i> yet <i>H. tuberosus</i> n. sp. had in all analyses a distinct phylogenetic position. The population density of 50-75 <i>H. tuberosus</i> n. sp. per 100 ml of soil, combined with the polyphagous nature of related <i>Hoplolaimus</i> species, suggests that this new species could pose a significant pest threat to potato crops, warranting further pathogenicity studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"57 1","pages":"20250025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Monoclonal Antibodies for Identifying Plant-Parasitic Nematodes.","authors":"M Bogale, E Sampson, W Hu, A Baniya, S Mishra, K Kwon, H D Lopez-Nicora, P DiGennaro","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0024","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently available nematode identification techniques rely on visual microscopic examination of their morphology and limited molecular assays. These methods generally serve their purpose of enumerating nematode genera and informing management recommendations. However, when identifying variations in pathogenicity or virulence within nematode populations and species - which is crucial for specific plant-parasitic nematode management recommendations - these methods are insufficient. Here, we demonstrate that nucleotide sequence information for tens of thousands of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be generated for identification purposes using a single-cell RNA-seq of mature B cells obtained from mice immunized with nematode antigens. We also provide proof of concept by synthesizing two of these mAbs in vitro and demonstrate specificity using ELISA. Since mAbs can bind to a variety of molecules, their potential use may surpass discrimination among pathotype groups and shed light on what contributes to pathogenicity or virulence of nematodes that produce, or are associated with, these antigenic molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"57 1","pages":"20250024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Hirschmanniella maritima</i> n. sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) - a New Nematode Species Parasitizing Baltic Plants in Poland.","authors":"G Winiszewska, R Dobosz, F Kornobis, M Sobczak, A Tereba, A T Skwiercz, K Rybarczyk-Mydłowska","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0030","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Hirschmanniella maritima</i> n. sp. was recovered from the roots of <i>Potamogeton perfoliatus</i> L. plants collected in several locations along the Baltic coast (from the Puck Bay to the Vistula Lagoon) in Poland. <i>H. maritima</i> n. sp. is characterized by a long (L = 1787 μm-3085 μm) body; anteriorly rounded or slightly flattened lip region with four to six lip annuli; medium stylet (19.5 μm-24.5 μm) with large, oval knobs directed approximately laterally; excretory pore located posterior to pharyngo-intestinal junction; intestine partially overlapping rectum; medium-sized spicules (34.0 μm-43.2 μm); gubernaculum slightly arcuate, narrow with hook-shaped distal part; elongate-conoid tail (c' = 4.7-8.1); and tail end irregular in size and shape, without annulations, but with a pointed terminus up to an axial mucro-like projection. Inside the roots of <i>P. perfoliatus</i>, the nematodes were found in intercellular spaces surrounded by degraded cortex cells. Morphological and 28S rDNA-based phylogenetic molecular analyses showed <i>H. maritima</i> n. sp.'s similarity to <i>H. santarosae</i> and <i>H. pomponiensis</i>, with a strong sister relationship between these three species and the clade encompassing <i>H. diversa</i> and <i>H. halophila</i>. The mtCOI-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed a close relationship between <i>H. maritima</i> n. sp. and <i>H. diversa</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"57 1","pages":"20250030"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12246962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host suitability of Brassicaceae crops for <i>Belonolaimus longicaudatus</i> in greenhouse conditions.","authors":"Sabina Budhathoki, Zane J Grabau","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0029","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sting nematode (<i>Belonolaimus longicaudatus</i>) acutely damages many vegetables in the Southeast U.S. Brassicas are known to suppress some plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), but the relationship of many brassicas with sting nematode has not been studied. This information would help growers in making decisions about using brassicas in rotation with vegetables in the region. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the host suitability of arugula (<i>Eruca sativa</i> 'Nemat'), caliente mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> 'Rojo') and carinata (<i>Brassica carinata</i> 'NJUET 400') brassicas for sting nematode as compared to crops with known host status for sting nematode: a poor host, sunn hemp (<i>Crotalaria juncea</i> 'Crescent Sunn') and a good host, sorghum-sudangrass (<i>Sorghum x drummondii '</i>Defiance'). Repeated greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2024 with each treatment replicated 6 times. All brassicas - arugula, caliente mustard, and carinata - had higher final sting nematode abundances than sunn hemp and greater or similar abundances to sorghum-sudangrass. This, along with the reproductive factor > 1, indicated that the brassicas tested are good hosts for sting nematode and may not be suitable options for rotation where this nematode is present. However, field research is needed to verify this result and evaluate the impacts of these brassicas on subsequent cash crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"57 1","pages":"20250029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of Microorganisms Isolated from Stingless Bees' Larval Food in the Biocontrol of <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>.","authors":"Guilherme Nunes Moreira Costa, Ana Carolina Costa Santos, Tamires Dos Santos Paschoal, Anna Paula Martins Garcia, Anderson Rodrigues Dos Santos, Carlos Ueira-Vieira","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0028","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plant-parasitic nematode <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> causes significant financial losses in agriculture due to its wide range of host plants. Microbe-based biological control is increasingly being recognized as a viable and environmentally sustainable alternative to synthetic chemical nematicides. With this in mind, the present study evaluated the potential of microorganisms found in the larval food of stingless bees for the biological control of <i>M. incognita</i>. Screening of these microorganisms revealed the presence of a bacterium with nematicidal activity against <i>M. incognita</i>. Pot tests with soybean plants demonstrated that the bacterium Mq-MCK-07 reduced the population of <i>M. incognita</i>, while <i>in vitro</i> tests confirmed its nematicidal effect on second-stage juveniles (J2) as well as its inhibitory effect on egg hatching. DNA sequencing identified the bacterium as <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> strain mandacaium, and revealed potential genes of interest for the control of multiple pathogens. This study provides a theoretical foundation for <i>E. faecalis</i> strain mandacaium as a promising eco-friendly nematicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"57 1","pages":"20250028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of small grain cover crops as a sustainable nematode management strategy for <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> and <i>Rotylenchulus reniformis</i> in the Southeastern U.S.","authors":"Sloane McPeak, Kara Gordon, Bisho Lawaju, Kathy Lawrence","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0021","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This experiment investigates five small grain winter cover crops including multiple genotypes of barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L), oats (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.), rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.), triticale (x <i>Triticosecale</i> Wittmack), and wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) as a sustainable nematode management strategy for <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> (root-knot nematode) and <i>Rotylenchulus reniformis</i> (reniform nematode) in cotton production in a Southeastern U.S. Greenhouse (2019), and field experiments (2019-2021) evaluated these crops for nematode host status, forage quality, and grain yield. Greenhouse experiments showed that all small grains had higher average <i>M. incognita</i> egg counts than a standard corn (Zea mays L.) variety. Overall, barley and wheat were suitable hosts (Rf>2), triticale and oat were moderate hosts (Rf=1-2), while three cultivars (Forerunner' and 'OG170039' triticale, \"ORO 4372' oat) were poor hosts (Rf<1). In field trials, oat had the highest biomass and grain yield, followed by triticale, barley, rye, and wheat. Barley supported the highest population density of <i>M. incognita</i>. Oat, barley, and rye displayed similar population density of <i>R. reniformis</i> and were greater than triticale and wheat. Forage quality experiments showed oat with the highest biomass, wheat with the highest crude protein, and rye and triticale leading in fiber content. Oats had the greatest total digestible nutrients (TDN) and relative feed value (RFV), indicating superior digestibility. All small grains demonstrated high forage quality (RFV>100). Cover crop selection should be based on specific management and agronomic goals as nematode populations varied by cover crop but were low in all field trials. Further research on crop-specific responses and long-term effects on nematode populations and soil health is needed to optimize small grain winter cover crops in integrated pest management programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"57 1","pages":"20250021"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Storage Capacity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Barricade^® Gel and Potassium Polyacrylate Hydrogel.","authors":"Sinethemba Zulu, Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela, Hugues Baimey, Mark Laing, David Shapiro-Ilan, Nicolene Cochrane","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0014","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) used as biocontrol agents are sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light, high temperature, and desiccation. Thus, formulations have been developed to protect EPNs during application. However, the ability of these formulations to enhance storage capacity has not been investigated. This study analyzed storage capacity (survival and efficacy) of EPN species, <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> (SGI 245), <i>Steinernema tophus</i> (ROOI 352) and <i>Steinernema innovationi</i> (SG I35) produced either <i>in vivo</i> or <i>in vitro</i> and formulated in 2% gel of either Barricade^® or potassium polyacrylate hydrogel (PPH). The formulations were stored at 10°C and survival of the infective juvenile nematodes (IJs) was evaluated at two-weeks intervals for eight weeks. The efficacy of formulated nematodes was evaluated using <i>Tenebrio molitor</i>. After two weeks, all control treatments had 0% IJ survival for all the three isolates, whereas the gel formulations exhibited 58-76% survival. The three isolates in both the Barricade^® gel and PPH formulations exhibited 37-69% IJ survival at six weeks, which declined to 0-13% after eight weeks. Both formulations of the three isolates were 60-90% effective at six weeks. The <i>in vitro</i>-produced IJs had a higher survival than the <i>in vivo</i>-produced IJs for <i>S. innovationi</i> and <i>H. bacteriophora</i>. However, the <i>in vivo</i>-produced IJs were more effective at killing <i>T. molitor</i> than the <i>in vitro</i>-produced EPNs for <i>H. bacteriophora</i> but not the <i>Steinernema</i> spp. In conclusion, Barricade^® and PPH gel formulations substantially increased survival of the three EPN species during storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"57 1","pages":"20250014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}