Journal of nematology最新文献

{"title":"Description of <i>Hexamermis philaeni</i> n. sp. (Enoplea: Mermithidae), a parasitoid of the meadow spittlebug <i>Philaenus spumarius</i> (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) in Italy.","authors":"Anita Nencioni, Gaia Bigiotti, Elisabetta Gargani, Ilaria Cutino, Agostino Strangi, Patrizia Sacchetti, José Matías Rusconi","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0029","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new species of the genus <i>Hexamermis, Hexamermis philaeni</i> sp. n., was described analyzing specimens isolated from nymphs and adults of the meadow spittlebug <i>Philaenus spumarius</i> in Italy. The combination of the following morphological characters identifies this novel species: terminal mouth opening; the presence of six cephalic papillae; six hypodermal cords at midbody; vulvar opening wide and visible without lips, vulvar cone developed, vagina bend at connection with the uterus; spicules paired, developed, separated and equal in size, slightly curved near the distal end and shorter than the width of the body at the level of the cloaca; genital papillae surrounding the cloaca, surpassing the base of the spicules and arranged as follows: 24 pre-cloacal, 5 ad-cloacal, and 50 postcloacal. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis based on <i>18S</i> data placed <i>H. philaeni</i> within <i>Hexamermis</i>-<i>Agamermis</i> mixed clade. To our knowledge, this work represents the first record of a <i>Hexamermis</i> species parasitizing <i>P. spumarius</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"520-531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postinfection development of <i>Rotylenchulus reniformis</i> on resistant <i>Glycine max</i> genotypes.","authors":"Salliana R Stetina, James R Smith, Jeffery D Ray, Chunda Feng","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0031","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) lines JTN-5203, PI 404166, and 02011-126 support less root infection by reniform nematode (<i>Rotylenchulus reniformis</i>), but post-infection effects of these lines on the parasite have not been investigated. In this study, post-infection development and fecundity in these lines were compared with that of the susceptible control cultivar Braxton. The infection cycle was divided into early (up to 10 days after inoculation (DAI)) and late (15-30 DAI) phases, during which root-associated nematodes were classified as vermiform, swelling, reniform, or gravid. Repeated experiments were conducted in a growth chamber in containers filled with steam pasteurized soil mix. Seedlings were inoculated with 500 nematodes (mixed vermiform life stages). Containers were arranged in a completely randomized design. As early as 10 DAI, slightly delayed development was observed on resistant lines with half as many gravid nematodes as Braxton. Line 02011-126 had a higher proportion of swelling nematodes than the other resistant lines in late phases, suggesting different resistance mechanisms. All resistant lines inhibited fecundity, with an up to 98% reduction at 30 DAI. In summary, fewer infections, slower development, and reduced reproduction all contribute to resistance in these lines.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"488-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13665702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating aldicarb and fluazaindolizine for management of <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> in Arkansas soybean production.","authors":"Maxwell R Sturdivant, Michael J Emerson, Brandon R Baker, Travis R Faske","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0038","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aldicarb and fluazaindolizine were evaluated in-furrow for management of <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> in two, multi-year field experiments near Kerr, Arkansas. Aldicarb was evaluated in 2017, 2019, and 2022 on the moderately resistant soybean cultivar, Delta Grow DG4940 GLY, as well as the susceptible cultivars, DG4870 RR or DG4880 GLY, depending on the year. Fluazaindolizine was evaluated in 2019, 2020, and 2022 on the susceptible cultivar DG4880 GLY. Aldicarb significantly reduced galling compared to the non-nematicide treated control (NTC) in 2 of 3 years, whereas fluazaindolizine did so in 1 of 3 years. The cultivar by treatment interaction on galling was significant in each year of the aldicarb experiments, but the effect of the nematicides differed by cultivar and year. Despite reductions in galling, only aldicarb + fluopyram protected grain yield compared to the NTC in the 2019 aldicarb experiment. Regardless of nematicide, the moderately resistant cultivar significantly reduced galling and protected yield compared to the susceptible cultivars. Overall, these data show that aldicarb and fluazaindolizine reduce galling by <i>M. incognita</i>; however, the nematicides were not as effective as a moderately resistant cultivar.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"511-519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13665699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> nervous system.","authors":"Ruhi Patel, Michelle L Castelletto, Nathan E Schroeder, Elissa A Hallem","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0037","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The skin-penetrating, human-parasitic nematode <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> infects over 600 million people worldwide, causing extensive morbidity and socioeconomic burden. Outside the host body, these nematodes usually live in moist soil as infective third-stage larvae (iL3s), a life stage that is considered to be evolutionarily homologous to the dauer stage of free-living nematodes such as <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. <i>S. stercoralis</i> iL3s navigate their local environment and seek out hosts using sensory cues such as heat, host-emitted odorants, and carbon dioxide. Once host contact is made, iL3s actively explore the surface of the skin before penetrating the tissue and entering the body. Inside the body, iL3s navigate to the small intestine, where they live and reproduce as parasitic adults. The nervous system of <i>S. stercoralis</i> orchestrates the various sensory and motor behaviors that are necessary for successful passage through the parasite life cycle. Here, we describe our current understanding of the structure of the nervous system of the <i>S. stercoralis</i> iL3 stage. We highlight the neurons that drive behaviors such as dispersal, host seeking, and skin penetration. Additionally, we identify differences between the nervous systems of <i>S. stercoralis</i> iL3s and <i>C. elegans</i> dauers; these adaptations likely contribute to the differences in behavior and lifestyle between these two species of nematodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"496-510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13665704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematodes on pupal stage of the Oriental fruit moth, <i>Grapholita molesta</i> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Codling moth, <i>Cydia pomonella</i> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).","authors":"Sehrish Gulzar, Cleveland Ivey, Tracy Leskey, Grzegorz Krawczyk, David Shapiro-Ilan","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0028","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oriental fruit moth <i>Grapholita molesta</i> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and codling moth, <i>Cydia pomonella</i> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) are serious pests of temperate fruit trees such as peach, pear and apple. Control of pupae would reduce or eliminate damage to fruit caused by subsequent generations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of commercially available entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) against pupae of <i>G. molesta</i> and <i>C. pomonella</i> under laboratory conditions. In a preliminary assay, a series of application rates of <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> and <i>Steinernema feltiae</i> were used against pupae, and on the basis of the results, we selected an application rate of 5,000 infective juveniles/insect to determine the EPN virulence. Due to limited availability of insects, we conducted two rounds of fully replicated virulence experiments. In virulence test in round 1, we tested <i>S. carpocapsae</i>, <i>S. feltiae</i>, and <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> against <i>G. molesta</i> and <i>C. pomonella</i> pupae. In round 2, <i>S. carpocapsae</i> was considered a standard (based on the results of round 1 test) and was included with three other species of EPNs: <i>Steinernema riobrave</i>, <i>Steinernema glaseri</i>, and <i>Heterorhabditis indica.</i> Results indicated that all EPNs tested were pathogenic and caused higher mortality than the non-treated control. The highest pupal mortality (60-80%) against both insects at 3 days posttreatment was observed for <i>S. carpocapsae</i> treatments compared with other treatments in both rounds of tests. In conclusion, EPNs have potential to be applied to <i>G. molesta</i> and <i>C. pomonella</i> pupae to efficiently reduce fruit damage and pest populations in the subsequent growing season. Future studies will need to explore the use of EPNs against <i>G. molesta</i> and <i>C. pomonella</i> pupae under different/natural environmental conditions within orchard agroecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"480-487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149061902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nematodes on the move: An introduction to the symposium proceedings and policy recommendations.","authors":"Benjamin Mimee","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0026","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This introductory paper summarizes the proceedings of the \"Nematodes on the Move\" symposium, highlighting the global impacts of plant-parasitic nematodes on agriculture, recent advances in management strategies, and the urgent need for international collaboration, regulatory modernization, and extension networks to support sustainable food production. Key policy recommendations and future research directions are outlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"476-479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13606024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the impact of plant-parasitic nematodes on global food security and trade in a changing world.","authors":"Inga A Zasada, Daniel Coyne, Johan van den Hoogen, Adrienne Gorny, Oriana Acevedo Pardo, Benjamin Mimee","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0024","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-parasitic nematodes remain a pervasive yet often hidden constraint on crop productivity, smallholder livelihoods, and market access. This proceedings integrates four vantage points. First, a sub-Saharan African perspective describes how intensification, reliance on informal seed systems, and limited diagnostics allow root-knot nematodes (<i>Meloidogyne</i> spp.) and potato cyst nematodes (PCN) to proliferate in vegetables, tubers, and perennials. Second, a global biogeographic analysis maps soil nematode abundance and trophic structure and demonstrates strong associations with soil organic carbon and temperature, allowing climate-informed risk anticipation. Third, a state-level case study from North Carolina details the response to <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> through interior quarantine, commodity-aligned outreach, and a dedicated quarantine nursery that de-risks field research. Fourth, a South American regulatory perspective from Chile illustrates PCN regionalization and an emergency response to <i>Aphelenchoides fragariae</i> in strawberry, which balanced risk management and socio-economic realities. Cross-cutting priorities include climate-informed surveillance, high-throughput diagnostics, clean seed and nursery certification, and risk-proportionate quarantine aligned with trade. Recommendations for policymakers include coordinated monitoring, harmonized diagnostics, grower-centric extension, and enabling policy frameworks for integrated nematode management and trade resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"453-462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13606023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking control strategies for plant-parasitic nematodes.","authors":"Joanna Kud, Ralf-Udo Ehlers, Olivera Topalović, Shahid Siddique, Neena Mitter, Benjamin Mimee","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0025","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To improve management for plant-parasitic nematodes, new solutions must reflect biological realities and be guided by coherent, science-based regulations. This study addresses five areas: (1) regulatory and market hurdles that slow adaptation of biological control products despite strong safety records and scalable production; (2) microbiome-mediated soil resilience, including nematode-microbiome interactions, suppressive consortia, validated delivery systems, and diagnostics to shift soils toward durable suppression; (3) effective containment for nematodes of regulatory concern, and precise resistance bioengineering through genome editing tools that mirror natural allelic variation, thus, warranting streamlined oversight; (4) omics-enabled platforms to discover and validate RNA interference targets for nematode control in perennial crops, coupled with transgrafting; and (5) advances in affordable RNA-based biopesticides and efforts to strengthen social license. Policymakers should adopt fit-for-purpose, fast-track pathways for low-risk biological and biotechnological products, and expand support for diagnostics, core research, and field validation across production systems. Furthermore, to ensure effective implementation, ongoing communication among regulators, scientists, industry, and growers is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"463-475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13606025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy, collaboration, and extension: creating a global framework for plant-parasitic nematode management.","authors":"Horacio D Lopez-Nicora, Aska Goverse, Tim Thoden, Claudia R Dias-Arieira, Richard Sikora, Benjamin Mimee","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0023","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global burden of plant‑parasitic nematodes (PPN) will not be reduced by technological advances alone. Impact depends on policy design, collaboration across institutions, and durable extension (agricultural outreach and technology transfer programs) systems that translate research into practice. This proceeding integrates five perspectives. A Horizon Europe project (NEM‑EMERGE) demonstrates how coordinated work packages (i.e., closely integrated and jointly managed components of the project) that span spatial modelling, heat‑stable resistance, virulence diagnostics, and soil health can be coupled to socio‑economic engagement to drive adoption. A North American public-private partnership against soybean cyst nematode shows how a single, consistent message with behavioural tools and outcome tracking can change practices. An industry view explains how incentive systems (e.g. reduced‑risk fast track) could speed the development of sustainable solutions and outlines legal challenges with respect to the development of integrated solutions. A Brazilian perspective argues that biologicals or chemicals will not perform without attention to soil health and that public-private collaboration can fill gaps in extension. A policy analysis calls for a revival of extension through regional hubs of excellence that work with global hubs and with expanded digital platforms. Recommendations are to fund multi‑actor platforms, invest in diagnostics and adoption science (the study of factors influencing adoption of technologies and management practices), harmonized regulatory frameworks, and scale digital extension in global hotspots.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"443-452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13606022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SON2026 Abstracts.","authors":"","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2026-0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"276-442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13589560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}