Journal of nematology最新文献

{"title":"Understanding the impact of plant-parasitic nematodes on global food security and trade in a changing world.","authors":"Inga A Zasada, Daniel Coyne, Johan van den Hoogen, Adrienne Gorny, Oriana Acevedo Pardo, Benjamin Mimee","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0024","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-parasitic nematodes remain a pervasive yet often hidden constraint on crop productivity, smallholder livelihoods, and market access. This proceedings integrates four vantage points. First, a sub-Saharan African perspective describes how intensification, reliance on informal seed systems, and limited diagnostics allow root-knot nematodes (<i>Meloidogyne</i> spp.) and potato cyst nematodes (PCN) to proliferate in vegetables, tubers, and perennials. Second, a global biogeographic analysis maps soil nematode abundance and trophic structure and demonstrates strong associations with soil organic carbon and temperature, allowing climate-informed risk anticipation. Third, a state-level case study from North Carolina details the response to <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> through interior quarantine, commodity-aligned outreach, and a dedicated quarantine nursery that de-risks field research. Fourth, a South American regulatory perspective from Chile illustrates PCN regionalization and an emergency response to <i>Aphelenchoides fragariae</i> in strawberry, which balanced risk management and socio-economic realities. Cross-cutting priorities include climate-informed surveillance, high-throughput diagnostics, clean seed and nursery certification, and risk-proportionate quarantine aligned with trade. Recommendations for policymakers include coordinated monitoring, harmonized diagnostics, grower-centric extension, and enabling policy frameworks for integrated nematode management and trade resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"453-462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13606023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking control strategies for plant-parasitic nematodes.","authors":"Joanna Kud, Ralf-Udo Ehlers, Olivera Topalović, Shahid Siddique, Neena Mitter, Benjamin Mimee","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0025","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To improve management for plant-parasitic nematodes, new solutions must reflect biological realities and be guided by coherent, science-based regulations. This study addresses five areas: (1) regulatory and market hurdles that slow adaptation of biological control products despite strong safety records and scalable production; (2) microbiome-mediated soil resilience, including nematode-microbiome interactions, suppressive consortia, validated delivery systems, and diagnostics to shift soils toward durable suppression; (3) effective containment for nematodes of regulatory concern, and precise resistance bioengineering through genome editing tools that mirror natural allelic variation, thus, warranting streamlined oversight; (4) omics-enabled platforms to discover and validate RNA interference targets for nematode control in perennial crops, coupled with transgrafting; and (5) advances in affordable RNA-based biopesticides and efforts to strengthen social license. Policymakers should adopt fit-for-purpose, fast-track pathways for low-risk biological and biotechnological products, and expand support for diagnostics, core research, and field validation across production systems. Furthermore, to ensure effective implementation, ongoing communication among regulators, scientists, industry, and growers is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"463-475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13606025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy, collaboration, and extension: creating a global framework for plant-parasitic nematode management.","authors":"Horacio D Lopez-Nicora, Aska Goverse, Tim Thoden, Claudia R Dias-Arieira, Richard Sikora, Benjamin Mimee","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0023","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global burden of plant‑parasitic nematodes (PPN) will not be reduced by technological advances alone. Impact depends on policy design, collaboration across institutions, and durable extension (agricultural outreach and technology transfer programs) systems that translate research into practice. This proceeding integrates five perspectives. A Horizon Europe project (NEM‑EMERGE) demonstrates how coordinated work packages (i.e., closely integrated and jointly managed components of the project) that span spatial modelling, heat‑stable resistance, virulence diagnostics, and soil health can be coupled to socio‑economic engagement to drive adoption. A North American public-private partnership against soybean cyst nematode shows how a single, consistent message with behavioural tools and outcome tracking can change practices. An industry view explains how incentive systems (e.g. reduced‑risk fast track) could speed the development of sustainable solutions and outlines legal challenges with respect to the development of integrated solutions. A Brazilian perspective argues that biologicals or chemicals will not perform without attention to soil health and that public-private collaboration can fill gaps in extension. A policy analysis calls for a revival of extension through regional hubs of excellence that work with global hubs and with expanded digital platforms. Recommendations are to fund multi‑actor platforms, invest in diagnostics and adoption science (the study of factors influencing adoption of technologies and management practices), harmonized regulatory frameworks, and scale digital extension in global hotspots.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"443-452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13606022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SON2026 Abstracts.","authors":"","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2026-0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"276-442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13589560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor nematicides fluopyram and cyclobutrifluram against <i>Hoplolaimus galeatus</i> in Golf Turf.","authors":"Erica B Guri, William T Crow","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0027","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the cancellation of fernamiphos, lance nematodes (<i>Hoplolaimus</i> spp.) have become one of the most challenging plant-parasitic nematodes to manage in turfgrass systems. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor nematicides are among the most used nematode management tools on golf courses in the United States. Currently, there are two SDHI turfgrass nematicides registered in the United States: the fluopyram nematicide Indemnify, which was launched in 2016, and the cyclobutrifluram nematicide Trefinti, which was launched in 2025. The objective of this research was to compare the efficacy of these two nematicides against the lance nematode <i>Hoplolaimus galeatus</i> in microwell bioassays, greenhouse, and field experiments. Microwell bioassays compared the percent mortality of <i>H. galeatus</i> among the nematicides following exposure to different concentrations of the nematicides at different time intervals. Greenhouse experiments compared the efficacy of the nematicides when applied at field-relevant rates to <i>H. galeatus</i>-infested turfgrass in pots. Finally, the efficacy of the two nematicides for management of <i>H. galeatus</i> was compared in turfgrass field trials. In the bioassay experiment, exposure of <i>H. galeatus</i> to cyclobutrifluram resulted in higher nematode mortality than exposure to fluopyram. The greenhouse experiment demonstrated that cyclobutrifluram at 250 g a.i./ha and above significantly suppressed <i>H. galeatus</i> population density, whereas fluopyram did not. Finally, results from field trials indicate that cyclobutrifluram is an effective treatment for enhancing the health of golf turf infested by <i>H. galeatus</i>. These findings suggest that the cyclobutrifluram nematicide Trefinti exhibits strong efficacy against <i>H. galeatus</i> and could serve as an effective treatment for management of <i>H. galeatus</i> on golf turf.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"268-275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13576468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of soybean cyst nematode population abundance and virulence phenotypes in the Sanjiang Plain of Heilongjiang Province, China.","authors":"Lu XueQing, Lu YiFeng, Li YanSheng, You Jia, Sobhi F Lamlom, Wang JiaJun, Sui Yueyu, Hu YanFeng","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0020","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heilongjiang Province is China's leading soybean-producing region, where the soybean cyst nematode (SCN; <i>Heterodera glycines</i> Ichinohe) has expanded across an increasing geographic range. Recent surveys reported SCN presence in at least 63 soybean-producing counties; however, eastern production zones remain insufficiently characterized. To evaluate the current distribution, population density, and virulence structure of SCN in the Sanjiang Plain, we collected 186 soil samples from 6 major soybean-producing counties in 2024. Samples represented four dominant soil types: black soil (Phaeozem), meadow soil, dark brown soil (Cambisol), and albic soil. SCN was detected in 93.5% of fields, confirming its widespread establishment. Cyst densities ranged from 2 to 10 cysts per 100 g dry soil, corresponding to 122-579 eggs and juveniles per 100 g soil. Population densities were lower under maize-soybean rotation (204 eggs and juveniles per 100 g soil) than under continuous soybean (252 per 100 g), though the difference was modest. Under continuous soybean cultivation, dark brown soils supported significantly higher densities (420 per 100 g of dry soil) compared with black and meadow soils, suggesting that soil type may strongly modulate SCN abundance within this cropping system. Virulence testing of nine representative populations classified all populations as race 3. Female index values remained below 10% on PI 88788, PI 90763, and Pickett, indicating no detectable shift toward broader virulence in this region. Collectively, these findings indicate that although SCN is widely distributed in the Sanjiang Plain, population pressure and virulence complexity remain moderate relative to western Heilongjiang. The dominance of race 3 suggests that current resistance sources remain effective, providing an opportunity for proactive resistance deployment and integrated management to prevent future virulence evolution in this expanding soybean production region.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"258-267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13420047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Pratylenchus pseudocoffeae</i> Mizukubo, 1992 infecting dahlia (<i>Dahlia hybrida</i>) in the United States expands its known host and geographic ranges.","authors":"Erika Consoli, Mesfin Bogale, Sandip Mondal, Timothy I Ralston, Alemayehu Habteweld, Zafar Handoo, Emily Wolf, Paulo Vieira, Francesca Peduto Hand, Sara R May, Horacio D Lopez-Nicora, Mihail Kantor","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0019","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pratylenchus pseudocoffeae</i> is a migratory endoparasitic nematode with a limited documented geographic distribution and host range. We studied nine putative <i>P. pseudocoffeae</i> populations recovered from symptomatic dahlia (<i>Dahlia hybrida</i>) tubers in Ohio and Pennsylvania and evaluated their pathogenicity. Two populations were selected for integrative characterization using morphological and molecular analysis, whereas the remaining populations were identified molecularly based on two ribosomal DNA <i>loci</i> (i.e., internal transcribed spacer and large subunit regions). All populations were confirmed as <i>P. pseudocoffeae,</i> representing the first report of this species in Ohio and Pennsylvania, and the first report of dahlia as a natural host. Pathogenicity was assessed under greenhouse conditions by inoculating rooted dahlia cuttings with initial soil densities of 0, 7, 14, and 28 nematodes cm^-3 soil. Inoculated plants exhibited significant reductions in root biomass (61-75%) relative to noninoculated controls. Taken together, these results demonstrate that dahlia is a suitable host of <i>P. pseudocoffeae</i>, contributing to a better understanding of the distribution of this species in North America, and provide molecular diagnostic data to support accurate nematode identification for future diagnostic and epidemiological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"246-257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13420112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of environmental conditions on fluopyram applied in-furrow on cotton nematodes.","authors":"Terry A Wheeler","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0021","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluopyram is a nematicide for use as an at-plant, in-furrow on cotton (among other crops) in the United States. Trials (33 total) were conducted in cotton fields with and without fluopyram applied at-plant, in-furrow in <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> and <i>Rotylenchulus reniformis</i> infested fields. Root galling caused by <i>M</i>. <i>incognita</i> was reduced on average by 24% with fluopyram. The amount of rain for the first rain after planting did affect fluopyram activity, with 1, 2, and 3 cm rain predicted to reduce root galling by 15, 26, and 39%, respectively. On average, cotton lint yield in <i>M</i>. <i>incognita</i> tests was 7% higher with fluopyram (1,270 kg lint/ha) compared to no nematicide (1,185 kg lint/ha). Fluopyram did not significantly affect <i>R</i>. <i>reniformis</i> density or cotton lint yield in <i>R</i>. <i>reniformis</i> tests. Lint yield increased as the number of days until the first rain increased, and fluopyram-treated plots yielded more than no nematicide as days until the first rain increased. Lint yield decreased in <i>R</i>. <i>reniformis</i> fields as average air temperature increased (for the first 14 days), but the warmer the temperature, the bigger the difference between fluopyram (higher yields) than no nematicide (lower yields). There is strong evidence, even in a water-limited environment like west Texas, that significant early rains will improve fluopyram reduction of <i>M</i>. <i>incognita</i> galling and increase yield. The impact of fluopyram with <i>R</i>. <i>reniformis</i> is not as clear and trended opposite for beneficial environmental conditions compared to <i>M</i>. <i>incognita</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"234-245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13420059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of <i>Glycine max</i> genotypes (maturity groups IV and V) for resistance to <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> via phenotypic and GWAS assays.","authors":"Sarah Cates, Jay Gillenwater, Earl Taliercio, LeAnn Lux, Adrienne M Gorny","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0018","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The production of soybean is a vital industry within North Carolina (NC) and the United States, accounting for millions of dollars in annual revenue, yet is currently under threat due to the presence of <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i>. Plant resistance is a crucial management technique for this nematode, but <i>M. enterolobii</i> is known to overcome resistant cultivars that have suppressed infection by other root-knot nematodes such as <i>M. incognita</i>. Therefore, identifying novel resistance genes that work antagonistically to <i>M. enterolobii</i> is paramount. In this study, 198 lines of <i>Glycine max</i> were assessed for resistance to <i>M. enterolobii</i> through a greenhouse assay. During initial screening, soybean lines were inoculated with a NC isolate of <i>M. enterolobii</i> and assessed after 60 days for resistance using three metrics, including root galling severity, reproduction factor, and eggs per gram of root. The ten most resistant soybean lines were then tested in a confirmation screening. Three soybean lines: PI 548555, PI 639740, and PI 556852, were confirmed to be resistant with all three lines resulting in resistance metrics under the defined resistance threshold. The use of these lines could provide much needed support to soybean growers in NC and allow for novel resistance loci or genes to be bred into existing cultivars. A Genome-wide association study analysis was performed using publicly available marker data for resistance traits, but no significant associations were detected in the current analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"220-233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of <i>Globodera ellingtonae</i>.","authors":"Chandni Shah, Louise-Marie Dandurand","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0017","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), <i>Globodera pallida</i> and <i>G. rostochiensis</i>, cause substantial yield losses in potato worldwide. In the USA, <i>Globodera ellingtonae,</i> was described in 2008 after detection in Oregon and Idaho. Although <i>G. ellingtonae</i> reproduces on potato, the varieties assessed appear to be tolerant. Nonetheless, the reliable detection and discrimination of <i>G. ellingtonae</i> from <i>G. pallida</i> and <i>G. rostochiensis</i> is critical for regulatory decision-making, survey programs, and research, especially in regions with mixed infestations such as Idaho, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. Traditional morphological identification is labor-intensive, and requires specialized expertise, emphasizing the need for a rapid molecular diagnostic assay targeting <i>G. ellingtonae</i> so that it can be differentiated from <i>G. pallida</i> or <i>G. rostochiensis.</i> We developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for specific detection of <i>G. ellingtonae</i> based on the chorismate mutase gene, which exhibits species-specific sequence variation and alternative splicing patterns among <i>Globodera</i> spp. The assay showed high analytical specificity for <i>G. ellingtonae</i>, with no cross-reactivity observed with <i>G. pallida</i> or <i>G. rostochiensis.</i> It was completed within 30 min under isothermal conditions and demonstrated a 100-fold higher sensitivity for <i>G. ellingtonae</i> (100 fg) compared with conventional PCR (10 pg). This is the first report of a LAMP assay enabling rapid, sensitive, and species-specific detection of <i>G. ellingtonae</i>. The assay provides a simple and robust diagnostic tool suitable for integration into plant health regulatory and surveillance programs to support management of potential mixed PCN infestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"208-219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13340036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148404896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}