Journal of nematology最新文献

{"title":"Toxic Effects of the Trap Crop <i>Solanum sisymbriifolium</i> on the Hatch and Viability of <i>Globodera pallida</i>.","authors":"Lindsay Schulz, Inna Popova, Louise-Marie Dandurand","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0027","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Globodera pallida</i>, the pale cyst nematode, is a quarantined potato pest first found in Idaho in 2006. The containment and eradication of this economically devastating pest has been the focus of control since its discovery. <i>Globodera pallida</i> survives for 30+ years in soil and can cause up to 80% yield loss in susceptible potato varieties. Soil fumigants have been key to eradication efforts but many have been banned. Therefore, new control methods are needed. <i>Solanum sisymbriifolium</i> induces hatching but limits <i>G. pallida</i> reproduction and can be used as an alternative control measure. However, as <i>S. sisymbriifolium</i> has little economic value as a crop and its seeds are largely unavailable, it has not been widely adopted by potato producers. There is evidence that this plant kills the nematode by producing toxins, although this is poorly understood. Liquid-liquid extraction of <i>S. sisymbriifolium</i> leaf and stem tissues by hexane and 1-butanol reduced hatch by 49.5%, and 68.3%, respectively, compared with the potato root diffusate control. Many chemicals may be responsible for this toxic effect, including steroidal glycoalkaloids produced by plants in the Solanaceae family. The discovery of novel chemistries for nematicide development would be valuable for potato cyst nematode control.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11310831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicted distribution of <i>Metaparasitylenchus hypothenemi</i> (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae), parasite of the coffee berry borer.","authors":"M Simota-Ruiz, A Castillo, J Cisneros-Hernández, O Carmona-Castro","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0031","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Metaparasitylenchus hypothenemi</i> is an endoparasitic nematode of the coffee berry borer <i>Hypothenemus hampei</i>. The nematode has only been recorded across a limited geographical range in coffee-growing areas of southeastern Mexico. Because of its confined geographical distribution, the effect of altitude, temperature, and mean annual precipitation on <i>M. hypothenemi's</i> presence/absence in the Soconusco region of Mexico was investigated. The geographical distribution of this parasite was predicted based on current data, using geographical information systems (GIS), the MaxEnt algorithm, and historical data to improve the prediction accuracy for other Neotropical regions. In Soconusco, the presence of this parasite is directly related to annual precipitation, especially in the areas with the highest annual rainfall (4000 - 4700 mm/year). Four species distribution models were generated for the Neotropical region with environmental variables for sites with parasite presence data, predicting a range of possible distribution with a high probability of occurrence in southeastern Mexico and southwestern Guatemala and a low probability in areas of Central and South America. Characterization of the abiotic habitat conditions suitable for <i>M. hypothenemi</i> development allows us to predict its distribution in the Neotropics and contributes to our understanding of its ecological relationship with environmental variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11305401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Molecular Analysis of Two Mycophagous Nematodes, <i>Aphelenchoides bicaudatus</i> and <i>A. rutgersi</i> (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Florida Strawberry.","authors":"Clemen J Oliveira, Sergei A Subbotin, Johan A Desager, Paul Dahlin, Silvia Vau, Renato N Inserra","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0021","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From 2016 to 2021, nematode surveys in Florida strawberry fields revealed several species of foliar nematodes (<i>Aphelenchoides</i> spp.). <i>Aphelenchoides besseyi sensu stricto</i> was detected only in 2016 and 2017 on photosynthetic strawberry leaves/buds, but other not well characterized populations of <i>Aphelenchoides</i> sp. were found on declining/dessicated leaves. Morphological analyses showed that these samples of <i>Aphelenchoides</i> sp. consisted of <i>A. bicaudatus</i>, a species detected in Florida for the first time, and <i>A. rutgersi</i>, a species previously reported in Florida from the citrus rhizosphere. These two species differed from <i>A. besseyi</i> in the shape of their tail terminus: bifurcate in <i>A. bicaudatus</i>; mucronate with a ventral thin mucro in <i>A. rutgersi</i>; and stellate in <i>A. besseyi</i>. One population each of these species was used for morphological and molecular analyses after being reared on <i>Monilinia fructicola</i>. Body and tail length differences were observed among Florida <i>A. bicaudatus</i> and other populations from the Far East and South Africa. Phylogenetic analyses of the rRNA gene sequences showed that Florida <i>A. bicaudatus</i> grouped with those of species from South Korea, Taiwan, and the Netherlands and several other populations listed as <i>Aphelenchoides</i> sp. from Brazil, Costa Rica, and Japan, which were considered as representatives of <i>A. bicaudatus</i> in this study. Similarly, sequences of Florida <i>A. rutgersi</i> grouped with those from environmental samples in Japan and North Carolina, which were listed as <i>Aphelenchoides</i> sp. and were considered as representatives of <i>A. rutgersi</i> in this study. Photosynthetic strawberry leaf samples were free from both <i>A. bicaudatus</i> and <i>A. rutgersi</i>, indicating that these two species did not damage strawberry. They were associated with desiccated leaves and/or propagative stolons, usually infected by fungi, confirming that they are mycetophagous under field conditions in this study. Results of soybean leaf inoculation on moist filter paper containing <i>A. bicaudatus</i> specimens showed that this species could become phytophagous under artificial conditions. Nematodes penetrated the leaf epidermis and migrated into the mesophyll causing leaf tissue discoloration/necrosis, which remained localized within the infested area. Soybean leaf damage was almost negligible, and no nematode reproduction was observed in the inoculated soybean areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11224714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinase Polymerase Amplification assay for detection of the British root-knot nematode, <i>Meloidogyne artiellia</i>.","authors":"Sergei A Subbotin, Juan E Palomares-Rius, Pablo Castillo","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0023","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is an isothermal <i>in vitro</i> nucleic acid amplification technique that has been adopted for simple, robust, rapid, reliable diagnostics of nematodes. In this study, the real-time RPA assay and RPA assay combined with lateral flow dipsticks (LF-RPA) have been developed targeting the ITS rRNA gene of the British root-knot nematode, <i>Meloidogyne artiellia</i>. The assay provided specific and rapid detection of this root-knot nematode species from crude nematode extracts without a DNA extraction step with a sensitivity of 0.125 second-stage juvenile (J2) specimen per a reaction tube for real-time RPA during 11 min and a sensitivity of 0.5 J2 specimens per a reaction tube for LF-RPA during 25 min. The RPA assays were validated with a wide range of non-target root-knot nematodes. The LF-RPA assay has great potential for nematode diagnostics in the laboratory having minimal available equipment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11224650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host Status of Ornamental Shade Trees and Shrubs to Plant Parasitic Nematodes.","authors":"T Benedetti, J E Weiland, I A Zasada","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0024","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oregon leads the United States in nursery production of shade trees and is third in deciduous and broadleaf evergreen shrub production. Plant-parasitic nematodes have been implicated in problems with the growth of plants in nurseries and are also of phytosanitary risk. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the host status of four trees (<i>Quercus alba, Quercus garryana, Acer campestre, Thuja occidentalis</i>) and two shrubs <i>(Buxus sempervirens</i>, <i>Rhododendron catawbiense</i>) to <i>Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne hapla</i>, and <i>Pratylenchus neglectus</i>. Each plant/nematode treatment was replicated five times, and the experiment was conducted twice. Plants were inoculated with 3,000 eggs of <i>M. incognita</i> or <i>M. hapla</i> and 2,500 individuals of <i>P. neglectus</i> two weeks after planting. After three months, the plants were harvested, and the total density of nematodes in soil and roots for <i>P. neglectus</i> and the total density of second-stage juveniles (J2) in soil and eggs on roots for <i>M. hapla</i> and <i>M. incognita</i> were determined. The final nematode population (Pf) and reproductive factor (RF = Pf/initial population density) were calculated. For <i>M. incognita</i> and <i>M. hapla</i>, all of the ornamental trees and shrubs would be considered as fair to good hosts with RF values > 1. <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> had the highest Pf (5,234 total J2 and eggs/pot) and RF value (28.4) on <i>A. campestre</i>. For <i>P. neglectus</i>, all of the ornamental trees and shrubs were fair to good hosts, except for <i>B. sempervirens</i>. <i>Buxus sermpervirens</i> was not a host for <i>P. neglectus,</i> with an RF value of almost 0. This is the first report of <i>Q. alba, Q. garryana</i>, and <i>A. campestre</i> as hosts for <i>M. incognita, M. hapla</i>, and <i>P. penetrans</i>. This is also the first report of <i>T. occidentalis</i> and <i>R. catawbiense</i> as hosts for <i>P. penetrans</i> and the non-host status of <i>B. sermpervirens</i> for <i>P. penetrans</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11323970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> Anatomy.","authors":"Michelle L Castelletto, Damia Akimori, Ruhi Patel, Nathan E Schroeder, Elissa A Hallem","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0019","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>, commonly known as the human threadworm, is a skin-penetrating gastrointestinal parasitic nematode that infects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Like other <i>Strongyloides</i> species, <i>S. stercoralis</i> is capable of cycling through a single free-living generation. Although <i>S. stercoralis</i> and the free-living nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> are evolutionarily distant, the free-living adults of <i>S. stercoralis</i> are similar enough in size and morphology to <i>C. elegans</i> adults that techniques for generating transgenics and knockouts in <i>C. elegans</i> have been successfully adapted for use in <i>S. stercoralis</i>. High-quality genomic and transcriptomic data are also available for <i>S. stercoralis</i>. Thus, one can use a burgeoning array of functional genomic tools in <i>S. stercoralis</i> to probe questions about parasitic nematode development, physiology, and behavior. Knowledge gained from <i>S. stercoralis</i> will inform studies of other parasitic nematodes such as hookworms that are not yet amenable to genetic manipulation. This review describes the basic anatomy of <i>S. stercoralis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11162604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Mermithidae (Enoplea: Mermithida) Parasitizing Adult Stable Flies in Japan.","authors":"Kaori Shimizu, Taizo Saito, Yasuhiro Takashima, Haruhiko Okada, Mitsuhiko Asakawa, Yasuo Inoshima","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0022","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mermithidae is a family of nematodes that parasitize a wide range of invertebrates worldwide. Herein, we report nematodes that were unexpectedly found in three of 486 adult stable flies (<i>Stomoxys calcitrans</i>) captured from three farms (F1, F2, and F3) in different regions of Gifu Prefecture, Japan. We aimed to characterize these nematodes both at the morphological and molecular level. Morphological studies revealed that the nematodes were juveniles of Mermithidae. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S and 28S rDNA indicated that the mermithids from farms F1 and F2 could be categorized into the same cluster as <i>Ovomermis sinensis</i> and <i>Hexamermis</i> sp., whereas the mermithid from farm F3 clustered with <i>Amphimermis</i> sp. Additionally, these mermithids could be categorized within the same clusters as related mermithids detected in Japan that parasitize various arthropod orders. Our findings suggest that these stable flies may have been parasitized by mermithids already present in the region and that genetically distinct species of mermithids occur across Japan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of mermithids parasitizing adult stable flies in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11156181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the use of metabarcoding to reveal eukaryotic associations with mononchids nematodes.","authors":"Joseph O Maosa, Siqi Wang, Shuhan Liu, Hongmei Li, Xue Qing, Wim Bert","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0016","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nematodes play a vital ecological role in soil and marine ecosystems, but there is limited information about their dietary diversity and feeding habits. Due to methodological challenges, the available information is based on inference rather than confirmed observations. The lack of correct dietary requirements also hampers rearing experiments. To achieve insight into the prey of mononchid nematodes, this study employed high-throughput Illumina paired-end sequencing using universal eukaryotic species 18S primers on 10 pooled mononchid nematode species, namely <i>Mylonchulus brachyuris, M. brevicaudatus, Mylonchulus</i> sp., <i>Clarkus parvus, Prionchulus</i> sp. <i>M. hawaiiensis, M. sigmaturellus, M. vulvapapillatus, Anatonchus</i> sp. and <i>Miconchus</i> sp. The results indicate that mononchids are associated with a remarkable diversity of eukaryotes, including fungi, algae, and protists. While the metabarcoding approach, first introduced here for mononchids, proved to be a simple and rapid method, it has several limitations and crucial methodological challenges that should be addressed in future studies. Ultimately, such methods should be able to evaluate the dietary complexity of nematodes and provide a valuable avenue for unraveling the dietary requirements of previously unculturable nematodes. This can contribute to the methodology of understanding their feeding habits and contributions to ecosystem dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11086744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-parasitic Nematodes Associated with Grasses Grown for Seed in the Willamette Valley of Oregon.","authors":"H M Rivedal, I A Zasada, T N Temple, A B Peetz, L A Núñez-Rodríguez, R J Starchvick, E T Braithwaite","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0020","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are an understudied pathogen group in the Oregon cool-season grass seed cropping system. In this survey, the PPN associated with annual ryegrass, bentgrass, fine fescue, orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue were determined. Thirty-seven fields were sampled in the 2022 or 2023 growing season by collecting 10 soil cores in each of six 100-m transects for nematode extraction and visual identification. PerMANOVA testing indicated significant differences in PPN community composition across grass host and sampling time. <i>Pratylenchus</i> and <i>Meloidogyne</i> were the most commonly encountered nematodes, with maximum population densities of 1,984 and 2,496 nematodes/100 g soil, respectively. Sequencing of the COX1 gene region indicated the presence of <i>P. crenatus, P. fallax, P. neglectus, P. penetrans</i>, and <i>P. thornei</i>, with some of these species being detected for the first time on these grass hosts. The only <i>Meloidogyne</i> sp. found in these grasses was <i>M. nassi</i>, based upon sequencing of the ITS gene region. This first-of-its-kind survey indicates the need for further assessment of the impact of these PPNs on yield and stand longevity in cool-season grass seed fields in Oregon.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11086743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Plus an Adjuvant against <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> and <i>Chrysodeixis includens</i> in Aboveground Applications.","authors":"Minling Zhang, Nathan Spaulding, Gadi V P Reddy, David I Shapiro-Ilan","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0018","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the southern United States, corn earworm, <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> (Boddie), and soybean looper, <i>Chrysodeixis includens</i> (Walker) are economically important crop pests. Although Bt crops initially provided effective control of target pests such as <i>H. zea</i>, many insect pests have developed resistance to these Bt crops. Alternative approaches are needed, including biological control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). However, the effectiveness of EPNs for aboveground applications can be limited due to issues such as desiccation and ultraviolet radiation. Effective adjuvants are needed to overcome these problems. Ten strains of EPNs were tested for virulence against eggs, first to fourth instars, fifth instars, and pupae of <i>H. zea</i> and <i>C. includens</i> in the laboratory. These 10 EPN strains were <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> (HP88 and VS strains), <i>H. floridensis</i> (K22 strain), Hgkesha (Kesha strain), <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> (All and Cxrd strains), <i>S. feltiae</i> (SN strain), <i>S. rarum</i> (17c+e strain), and <i>S. riobrave</i> (355 and 7-12 strains). EPNs could infect eggs of <i>H. zea</i> or <i>C. includens</i> in the laboratory, but the infection was low. The mortality caused by 10 EPN strains in seven days was significantly higher for the first to fourth instars of <i>H. zea</i> compared to the control, as was the fifth instars of <i>H. zea</i>. Similarly, for the first to fourth and fifth instars of <i>C. includens</i>, the mortality was significantly higher compared to the controls, respectively. However, only <i>S. riobrave</i> (355) had significantly higher mortality than the control for the pupae of <i>H. zea</i>. For the pupae of <i>C. includens</i>, except for <i>H. bacteriophora (HP88)</i>, <i>S. rarum (17c+e)</i>, and <i>H. floridensis</i> (K22), the mortality of the other seven strains was significantly higher than the control. Subsequently, <i>S. carpocapsae</i> (All) and <i>S. riobrave</i> (7-12) were chosen for efficacy testing in the field with an adjuvant 0.066% Southern Ag Surfactant (SAg Surfactant). In field experiments, the SAg Surfactant treatment significantly increased the mortality and EPN infection for <i>S. carpocapsae</i> (All) on first instars of <i>H. zea</i> in corn plant whorls. On soybean plants, with the SAg Surfactant, <i>S. carpocapsae</i> (All) was more effective than <i>S. riobrave</i> (7-12) on fifth instars of <i>C. includens</i>. This study indicates that EPNs can control <i>H. zea</i> and <i>C. includens</i>, and SAg Surfactant can enhance EPN efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11078269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140891913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}