Journal of nematology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Weed Species for Host Status to the Root-Knot Nematodes <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> and <i>M. incognita</i> Race 4.","authors":"Tanner Schwarz, Chitra, Katherine Jennings, Adrienne Gorny","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0017","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Weeds that compete with valuable crops can also host plant-parasitic nematodes, acting as a source of nematode inoculum in a field and further damaging crops. The host status of 10 weed species commonly found in North Carolina, USA, was determined for the root-knot nematodes <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> and <i>M. incognita</i> race 4 in the greenhouse. Each weed species was challenged with 5,000 eggs/plant of either <i>M. enterolobii</i> or <i>M. incognita</i> race 4, with five replicate plants per treatment in two separate greenhouse trials. Root galling severity and total number of nematode eggs per root system were recorded 60 days after inoculation. Reproduction factor (Rf = final nematode population/initial nematode population) was calculated to determine the host status of each weed species to <i>M. enterolobii</i> and <i>M. incognita</i> race 4. Four weed species (<i>Datura stramonium, Digitaria sanguinalis, Senna obtusifolia,</i> and <i>Cyperus esculentus</i>) were poor hosts (Rf < 1) to both nematode species, and roots of these weed plants did not display galling. Four weed species (<i>Ipomoea hederacea, Amaranthus palmeri, Portulaca pilosa,</i> and <i>Ipomoea lacunosa</i>) were hosts (Rf > 1) to both nematode species, and all had observable root gall formation. <i>Sida rhombifolia</i> and <i>Cyperus rotundus</i> were poor hosts to <i>M. enterolobii</i> but susceptible hosts to <i>M. incognita</i>. This study documents a differential host status of some common weeds to <i>M. enterolobii</i> and <i>M. incognita</i> race 4, and these results highlight the necessity of managing root-knot nematodes through controlling weeds in order to protect valuable crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"56 1","pages":"20240017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11033719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of <i>Hypothenemus hampei</i> Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) parasitized by the nematode <i>Metaparasitylenchus hypothenemi</i> Poinar (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae) to different colors of light.","authors":"M Simota-Ruiz, A Castillo-Vera","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0011","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Metaparasitylenchus hypothenemi</i> is a nematode that naturally parasitizes <i>Hypothenemus hampei</i> in a coffee-producing region in Chiapas, Mexico. This study investigated changes in the attraction of parasitized borers to light. We compared the attraction of adult <i>H. hampei</i> females (parasitized and uninfected) to 14 different light wavelengths (350-670 nm) with a control (570 nm, yellow) under laboratory conditions. The response ranges of non-parasitized and parasitized borers were 370-650 nm and 340-650 nm, respectively. The attraction curve showed a similar shape in both borer groups (parasitized and non-parasitized), but a wide wavelength range (380-590 nm) attracted more parasitized than non-parasitized borers. The maximum response of the uninfected borers occurred at 520 nm (green), while parasitized borers exhibited three response peaks (380 nm, violet; 460 nm, blue; 520 nm, green). Parasitized borers were significantly more attracted to green light (520 nm) than to the control. The altered attraction to light in borers parasitized by <i>M. hypothenemi</i> is discussed from the perspective of possible host manipulation and the natural prevalence of this parasite.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"56 1","pages":"20240011"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11001266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of pest nematodes associated with soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) in Wisconsin from 1998 to 2021.","authors":"A E MacGuidwin, D L Smith, S P Conley, K A Saikai","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0053","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of <i>Heterodera glycines</i> and other cyst and vermiform genera was determined from 8,009 soil samples over two decades. Prevalence of cyst nematodes for farms increased from 16% in 1998 to 1999, reaching a peak of 40%, with marked differences among Wisconsin's nine agricultural districts in how much the odds of a positive test increased. Estimates at the sample scale also increased over time but peaked at 29%. Assay of all nematodes beginning in 2012 showed <i>Pratylenchus</i>, <i>Helicotylenchus</i>, and <i>Xiphinema</i> to be more prevalent in Wisconsin soybean fields than cyst nematodes. Prevalence estimates for <i>Pratylenchus</i> and <i>Helicotylenchus</i> for soybean and rotation crops ranged from 76 to 89% and 58 to 83%, respectively. Species identification of <i>Pratylenchus</i> from a subset of the samples revealed six species. The majority of cyst-positive samples were infested with <i>Pratylenchus</i>, and count data showed that the number of cyst eggs and juveniles per 100 cm³ soil was 60% lower in samples positive for <i>Pratylenchus</i>. The influence was reciprocal, as <i>Pratylenchus</i> population densities were 41% lower in samples positive for cyst nematodes, suggesting a competitive interaction. The Wisconsin soybean nematode testing program provides a useful model for estimating nematode prevalence using citizen-based surveys.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10981769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140338547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redetection and description of the European dagger nematode <i>Xiphinema diversicaudatum</i> on peach (<i>Prunus persica</i> L.) in Canada.","authors":"Jerry Akanwari, Qing Yu, Tahera Sultana","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0010","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study reports the detection of <i>Xiphinema diversicaudatum</i> in a peach field in Ontario, Canada. Comprehensive population characterization involved morphological and molecular analyses using 18S and 28S rDNA sequences. Morphological and molecular analysis demonstrated a close relationship between the Ontario population and those from Central Europe. This is the first report of <i>X. diversicaudatum</i> from peaches (<i>Prunus persica</i>) in Canada and in North America.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"56 1","pages":"20240010"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10956561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140184679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Draft Transcriptome Announcement of <i>Anguina tritici</i>.","authors":"Manish Kumar, Neeraj, Alkesh Hada, Vishal Singh Somvanshi, Ashish Kumar Singh, Yashwant Kumar Yadava, Pradeep Kumar Jain, Kishore Gaikwad, Anil Sirohi","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Anguina tritici</i>, the wheat seed gall nematode, causes the 'ear-cockle' or seed gall disease of wheat (<i>Triticum sp.</i>), leading to an extensive decline of yield (30-70%) in underdeveloped wheat cultivating countries of the world. The nematode is known to survive in anhydrobiotic conditions for up to 32 years. Here, we present the first transcriptome assembly of <i>A. tritici</i>, which will be a valuable resource for understanding the genes responsible for nematode survival and above-ground plant parasitism. The final 133.2 Mb assembly consists of 105606 open reading frames (including isoforms) with the following BUSCO scores against Nematoda database: 80.3% complete (16.4% single copy and 63.9% duplicated), 2.1% fragmented, and 17.6% missing.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"56 1","pages":"20240007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10954354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140175133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depth distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes on bentgrass golf greens in Missouri and Indiana.","authors":"Asa L McCurdy, Jefferson Barizon, G L Miller","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0006","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Control of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) on golf putting greens with nematicides is dependent on the seasonal occurrence and depth distribution of target PPN populations. This study aimed to determine if plant-parasitic nematode populations on golf course putting greens in Missouri and Indiana peaked at a targetable depth at a specific time in the year, focusing primarily on lance (<i>Hoplolaimus</i> spp.) and root-knot (<i>Meloidogyne</i> spp.) nematodes. To elucidate species diversity in the region, rDNA from a subset of lance and root-knot nematodes was sequenced and analyzed, with additional micromorphology of a lance nematode assessed in scanning electron micrographs (SEM). Soil samples were taken to a depth of 25 cm and stratified into 5 cm increments during April, June, August and October at seven sites across Missouri, three in the Kansas City metro of Kansas in 2021 and in ten sites across Indiana in 2022. Samples were stratified in five-centimeter increments and aggregated for a total of 100 cm³ of soil at each depth for each sampling. Samples were processed using a semi-automatic elutriator followed by the sucrose-flotation method, and populations were counted using a hemocytometer and recorded. For molecular characterization, rDNA was extracted and analyzed from 31 individual lance nematodes from one site in Missouri and eight sites in Indiana, and 13 root-knot nematodes from nine sites across Indiana. A significant interaction occurred between sampling month and depth for lance and ring nematodes Missouri/KS, with both PPN populations peaking at the 0-5 cm depth during October, which is well after most targeted nematicide applications are applied. Ring nematodes in Indiana did not follow this trend and were most abundant in August at a depth of 0-5 cm. No significant interaction between depth and month occurred for lance or root-knot nematodes in Indiana, or root-knot nematodes in Missouri/KS. <i>Hoplolaimus stephanus</i> and <i>H. magnistylus</i> were the lance species identified on golf greens, and <i>Meloidogyne naasi</i>, <i>M. graminicola</i> and <i>M. marylandi</i> were the root-knot species identified. Scanning-electron micrographs confirmed morphological characteristics unique to <i>H. stephanus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"56 1","pages":"20240006"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10954353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of soil nematode biodiversity from five different fruit orchards in Osmaneli district, Bilecik, Türkiye.","authors":"Taylan Çakmak","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nematode population densities were determined in 60 soil and root samples collected from 6 fruit orchards in the Bilecik province (western Turkey), between April 2022 and June 2022. The total number of identified nematodes have reached up to 2418 individuals (number of female: 1036; male: 154; and juvenile: 1228). They belong to 54 species, 54 genera, 33 families and 11 orders. Plant parasitic nematodes that were detected mostly are listed as follows: <i>Helicotylenchus</i> (6,12 %), <i>Pratylenchus</i> (5,74 %), <i>Paratylenchus</i> (4.83 %), <i>Xiphinema</i> (3,06 %), <i>Tylenchorhynchus</i> (2,19 %), <i>Malenchus</i> (1.94 %) and <i>Tylenchus</i> (1.19 %). According to the maturity index analysis, mean values showed the highest maturity level at peach trees (MI value: 3,52), followed by; walnut trees (MI value: 2.49), cherry trees (MI value: 2.15), nectarine trees (MI value: 1.86), plum trees (MI value: 1.57), and olive trees (MI value: 1.42). Mostly the diverse group in terms of species richness was within the order Dorylaimida. The nematodes associated with peach and walnut trees here showed the most stable environments in terms of soil nematode community structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"56 1","pages":"20240001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10940273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140143703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of <i>Rhabditis</i> (<i>Rhabditella</i>) <i>axei</i> with the invasive palm borer <i>Paysandisia archon</i>.","authors":"Chiara Sciandra, Sara Amoriello, Emilia Innocenti Degli, Valentina Nicotera, Francesco Barbieri, Giuseppe Mazza, Giulia Torrini, Pio Federico Roversi, Agostino Strangi","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Rhabditis (Rhabditella) axei</i> is a free-living, pseudoparasitic, necromenic, and parasitic nematode, depending on the host. This species feeds mainly on bacteria present in decaying organic matter, soil, and other substrates; however, in its parasitic form, it can colonize some species of snails. Moreover, the presence of <i>R. axei</i> has also been detected in birds and mammals, including humans. In 2021-2023, during monitoring of the palm borer <i>Paysandisia archon</i> in Central Italy, <i>R. axei</i> emerged from dead larvae of this alien invasive moth and was extracted from palm fibres of <i>Trachycarpus fortunei</i> in three independent sites. The nematode was identified by morphological and morphometric analyses. Molecular analyses using SSU and LSU gene fragments were used to confirm the identification and to perform Bayesian reconstruction of the phylogeny. Each sampling site showed a unique haplotype. Concerning the pathogenicity of this nematode against insects, the test performed on <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larvae did not show any entomopathogenic effect. This is the first time that <i>R. axei</i> was found associated with <i>P. archon,</i> and this recurrent association was discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"56 1","pages":"20240005"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10940275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140143705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group Movement in Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Aggregation Levels Vary Based on Context.","authors":"Glen Stevens, Muhammad Usman, Sehrish Gulzar, Cassandra Stevens, Eleanor Pimentel, Hilal Erdogan, Paul Schliekelman, Fatma Kaplan, Hans Alborn, Waqas Wakil, David Shapiro-Ilan, Edwin E Lewis","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintenance of an aggregated population structure implies within-species communication. In mixed-species environments, species-specific aggregations may reduce interspecific competition and promote coexistence. We studied whether movement and aggregation behavior of three entomopathogenic nematode species changed when isolated, as compared to mixed-species arenas. Movement and aggregation of <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>, <i>S. feltiae</i> and <i>S. glaseri</i> were assessed in sand. Each species demonstrated significant aggregation when alone. Mixed-species trials involved adding two species of nematodes, either combined in the center of the arena or at separate corners. While individual species became less aggregated than in single-species conditions when co-applied in the same location, they became more aggregated when applied in separate corners. This increased aggregation in separate-corner trials occurred even though the nematodes moved just as far when mixed together as they did when alone. These findings suggest that maintenance of multiple species within the same habitat is driven, at least in part, by species-specific signals that promote conspecific aggregation, and when the species are mixed (as occurs in some commercial formulations involving multiple EPN species), these signaling mechanisms are muddled.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"56 1","pages":"20240002"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10940270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140143706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of <i>Meloidogyne hapla</i> on hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i>) in Oregon.","authors":"Lester Núñez-Rodríguez, Hannah Rivedal, Amy Peetz, Cynthia M Ocamb, Inga Zasada","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemp is a crop that has gained interest in Washington and Oregon. As with other crops, hemp production faces challenges due to biotic factors, including plant-parasitic nematodes. During a survey for plant-parasitic nematodes associated with hemp, <i>Meloidogyne</i> sp. was found in a composite root sample collected in Oregon. Morphological characterization of second-stage juveniles identified the nematode as <i>Meloidogyne hapla</i>. Molecular identification confirmed the population as <i>M. hapla</i>. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>M. hapla</i> on hemp in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"56 1","pages":"20240008"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10940274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140143704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}