Journal of nematology最新文献_第4页

Beech leaf disease symptom detection using deep learning and computer vision tools. 利用深度学习和计算机视觉工具检测山毛榉叶病症状。

IF 2 4区生物学

Journal of nematology Pub Date : 2026-04-27 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2026-0011

Benjamin D Waldo, Paulo Vieira, Matthew A Borden, Shiguang Li

{"title":"Beech leaf disease symptom detection using deep learning and computer vision tools.","authors":"Benjamin D Waldo, Paulo Vieira, Matthew A Borden, Shiguang Li","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0011","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Beech leaf disease (BLD) has rapidly emerged as a significant threat to forests across the eastern United States and Canada, and early detection is a major challenge. Current surveillance relies on visual identification of characteristic leaf banding, a method that can miss early infections. To address this limitation, we developed deep learning models capable of distinguishing between BLD symptomatic leaves and asymptomatic leaves. A primary dataset of symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves collected in Maryland (Dataset I) was used for model development, and an independent set of images collected in North Carolina, Ohio, and New England (Dataset II) provided real-world validation. In Dataset I model testing, EfficientNetV2-Small was the most accurate model (100%), followed by ResNet50 (99.32%), MobileNetV3-Large (97.95%), and InceptionV3 (94.88%). Independent testing on Dataset II also identified EfficientNetV2-Small as the most accurate model (96.55%). Grad-CAM visualizations confirmed that EfficientNetV2-Small focused on banded regions of BLD leaves that are a main characteristic of the disease. These findings demonstrate the potential of deep learning and computer vision approaches to support more efficient monitoring of BLD in forested regions.","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"66-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Description and molecular characterization of Coslenchus iranicus n. sp. (Rhabditida: Tylenchidae) from Iran. 文章标题伊朗沙鼠的描述及分子特征（横纹肌目：沙鼠科）。

IF 2 4区生物学

Journal of nematology Pub Date : 2026-04-27 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2026-0010

Nasrin Noras Mofrad, Sedighe Azimi

{"title":"Description and molecular characterization of Coslenchus iranicus n. sp. (Rhabditida: Tylenchidae) from Iran.","authors":"Nasrin Noras Mofrad, Sedighe Azimi","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0010","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Coslenchus iranicus n. sp., recovered from the rhizosphere of soapwort in South Khorasan province, Eastern Iran, is described based on morphological and molecular data. The new species is characterized by its cuticle with 18 longitudinal ridges excluding lateral lines, lateral field with three incisures, lip region unstriated, stylet 9.4-12.0 µm long, spermatheca filled with sperm, post-vulval uterine sac absent, vulva with large vulval flaps, and tail mostly with a pointed terminus, though in a few specimens with a finely rounded tip. Based on general characterization, C. iranicus n. sp. is closely similar to C. areolatus, C. franklinae, C. japonicus, C. leiocephalus, and C. maritus. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species with representatives of the family Tylenchidae were reconstructed and discussed using partial sequences of the small subunit, D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit, and internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA based on Bayesian inference. In the SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA phylogenetic trees, sequences of the new species formed clades with corresponding sequences of C. polonicus and C. leiocephalus with different levels of relatedness, respectively.","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization and reproduction of Paratylenchus enigmaticus from chrysanthemum in Korea. 韩国菊花中神秘副叶蝉的特征和繁殖。

IF 2 4区生物学

Journal of nematology Pub Date : 2026-04-24 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2026-0004

Shinwoo Joo, So-Hee Kim, Mihail Kantor, Hyoung-Rai Ko, Byeong-Yong Park, Jum Soon Kang, Insoo Choi, Heonil Kang

{"title":"Characterization and reproduction of Paratylenchus enigmaticus from chrysanthemum in Korea.","authors":"Shinwoo Joo, So-Hee Kim, Mihail Kantor, Hyoung-Rai Ko, Byeong-Yong Park, Jum Soon Kang, Insoo Choi, Heonil Kang","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0004","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Paratylenchus enigmaticus is a recently described pin nematode species with a broad host range, but its occurrence and pathogenicity on chrysanthemum remain poorly understood. During a survey of spray chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum) fields in Icheon, Korea, populations of pin nematodes were detected in the rhizosphere and subsequently identified as P. enigmaticus through detailed morphological observations and molecular analyses of LSU D2-D3 and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA regions. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed a close relationship between the Korean population and previously described P. enigmaticus sequences from Canada and Spain. Pathogenicity assays revealed density-dependent reproduction on the chrysanthemum cultivar \"Milky Star.\" The reproduction factor (RF) was highest at the lowest inoculum density (Pi = 100; RF = 3.59 ± 0.54), declined at Pi = 1,000 (RF = 1.49 ± 0.69), and further decreased at Pi = 10,000 (RF = 0.37 ± 0.09). Plant growth parameters showed numerical variation among treatments but no significant differences. A host response assay using five chrysanthemum cultivars demonstrated successful reproduction of P. enigmaticus in all cultivars, although variation in RF was observed. Among them, \"Pretty Purple\" was classified as a poor host (RF ≤ 1), while the others were considered susceptible hosts (RF > 1). Our results document the first occurrence of P. enigmaticus in Korea, detected from a spray chrysanthemum field in Icheon, and demonstrate that it can utilize spray chrysanthemum as a host. However, its economic importance and potential to cause damage remain unclear, warranting additional investigations.","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced acid fuchsin staining for visualization of foliar nematodes using brightfield and fluorescence microscopy. 利用明场和荧光显微镜对叶面线虫进行增强酸性品红染色。

IF 2 4区生物学

Journal of nematology Pub Date : 2026-04-24 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2026-0008

Paulo Vieira, Benjamin D Waldo, Emily Wolf

{"title":"Enhanced acid fuchsin staining for visualization of foliar nematodes using brightfield and fluorescence microscopy.","authors":"Paulo Vieira, Benjamin D Waldo, Emily Wolf","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0008","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Foliar nematodes are economically important plant pathogens affecting a wide range of hosts, including food crops, ornamentals, and forest trees. Among these, Litylenchus crenatae (family Anguinidae), the causal agent of beech leaf disease (BLD), poses a growing threat to American beech forests. Traditional nematode staining methods, such as acid fuchsin staining, have been widely used for plant-parasitic nematodes found in roots, but their application to foliar tissues remains limited due to differences in tissue structure and stain permeability. In this study, we optimized two acid fuchsin-based protocols for brightfield and fluorescence microscopy to improve the visualization of L. crenatae in symptomatic beech leaves. The improved staining methods provided high-resolution visualization of L. crenatae at the surface and within the leaf tissues using both dissected and whole-mount samples. These enhanced visualization methods offer a practical tool for investigating the spatial distribution and dynamics of foliar nematodes within distinct layers of the leaf.","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"44-54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deladenus coreanus n. sp. (Rhabditida: Neotylenchidae), a new species from South Korea. 文章标题韩国一新种——长尾蚤（横纹蛇目：新叶蝉科）。

IF 2 4区生物学

Journal of nematology Pub Date : 2026-04-20 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2026-0005

Abraham Okki Mwamula, Chang-Hwan Bae, Dae Geun Lee, Yi Seul Kim, Myeonghwan Kim, Dong Woon Lee

{"title":"Deladenus coreanus n. sp. (Rhabditida: Neotylenchidae), a new species from South Korea.","authors":"Abraham Okki Mwamula, Chang-Hwan Bae, Dae Geun Lee, Yi Seul Kim, Myeonghwan Kim, Dong Woon Lee","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0005","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0005","url":null,"abstract":"A new species of the genus Deladenus isolated from the outer wood and bark layers of a dead red pine tree (Pinus densiflora f. erecta) was characterized using morphological and morphometric data, as well as DNA sequences. Deladenus coreanus n. sp. is characterized by the medium sized body of mycetophagous female abruptly narrowing behind vulva, lateral fields with four incisures, pharyngeal corpus without a distinct median bulb and lacking a chamber, pharyngo-intestinal junction immediately behind the nerve ring, hemizonid 13.0-37.0 μm posterior to nerve ring, excretory pore at level with hemizonid, vulva with prominently protuberant lips and with no lateral vulval flaps, post-uterine sac absent, vulva-anus distance approximately equal to tail length, tail conoid, gradually tapering to a broadly or narrowly rounded terminus, or subcylindrical and clubbed, males with slender spicules, 19.0-21.0 μm long and bursa reaching tail tip. The phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using partial 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and COI gene sequences. The newly generated 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA sequences appeared as independent lineages in corresponding trees, and the new COI gene sequence formed a clade with the corresponding gene sequence of Deladenus brevis with moderate (87) Bayesian posterior probability.","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"18-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From muscle to gland: The reorganization of the terminal bulb within the symbiotic Stilbonematinae (Nematoda, Desmodoroidea). 从肌肉到腺体：在共生线虫科（线虫纲，线虫总科）内末端球茎的重组。

IF 2 4区生物学

Journal of nematology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2026-0001

Philipp Pröts, Jörg A Ott

{"title":"From muscle to gland: The reorganization of the terminal bulb within the symbiotic Stilbonematinae (Nematoda, Desmodoroidea).","authors":"Philipp Pröts, Jörg A Ott","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0001","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2026-0001","url":null,"abstract":"The Stilbonematinae live in symbiosis with ectosymbiotic bacteria covering their cuticle, which evidently constitute their food. In different Stilbonematinae genera, two pharynx types are found, depending on the arrangement of the bacterial coat. Species descriptions show that most Stilbonematinae species with a thick multilayer of symbionts have a two-part pharynx with a predominantly muscular posterior bulb. In contrast, in cases of a thin monolayer of bacteria, the nematodes predominantly show a three-part pharynx with a distinctly swollen muscular corpus at their anterior end. This indicates a shift of the main pumping structure from the terminal bulb to the anterior corpus. Consequently, the amount of contractile filaments in the terminal bulb should decrease. Using phalloidin staining in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy, light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, we measured and compared the filamentous actin (F-actin) volume in the posterior bulb in several Stilbonematinae species representing both pharynx types. Two-part pharynges had a larger relative F-actin volume in the terminal bulb than three-part pharynges. In the latter, prominent gland tissue occupied most of the space between the reduced muscles. This supports our hypothesis of two distinct feeding modes: ingestion of large amounts of food in species with a two-part pharynx (\"gourmands\") requiring a muscular terminal bulb vs discriminant grazing on a thin bacterial coat in species with a three-part pharynx (\"gourmets\").","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Small Samples, Big Problems, Statistical Tests in Nematology Research Need Power. 小样本，大问题，线虫学研究中的统计检验需要力量。

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Journal of nematology Pub Date : 2026-02-02 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2025-0062

Itsuhiro Ko, David Rice

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Adjuvants on Steinernema Carpocapsae Efficacy Against Chrysodeixis Includens and Suspension Stability. 佐剂对豆豉抗黄萎病药效及悬浮稳定性的影响。

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Journal of nematology Pub Date : 2026-01-31 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2025-0063

Minling Zhang, Nathan R Spaulding, Gadi V P Reddy, David I Shapiro-Ilan

{"title":"The Effects of Adjuvants on Steinernema Carpocapsae Efficacy Against Chrysodeixis Includens and Suspension Stability.","authors":"Minling Zhang, Nathan R Spaulding, Gadi V P Reddy, David I Shapiro-Ilan","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0063","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0063","url":null,"abstract":"Chrysodeixis includens is a major soybean pest in the southern United States and has developed resistance to many insecticides. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are potential alternative control tools. Above ground EPN applications are limited by environmental stresses; thus, we evaluated adjuvants to improve the performance of Steinernema carpocapsae. Laboratory assays showed that Xanthan & Tween enhanced EPN efficacy at 24 hr post application across all four exposure durations, whereas Barricade did not improve efficacy at the 1 hr exposure compared with EPNs without adjuvants. At 72 hr post application, adjuvant treatments achieved >90% mortality beginning at the 4 hr exposure duration, whereas EPNs without adjuvants reached >90% only at 24 hr. Greenhouse trials indicated efficacy improvements with Xanthan & Tween under some conditions, whereas Barricade did not. Optimization tests demonstrated that adding Tween to Barricade significantly improved EPN performance. Both Xanthan & Tween and Barricade & Tween reduced nematode sedimentation. Overall, adjuvant enhanced formulations increased EPN efficacy and stability, supporting their potential as a biological management tool for C. includens.","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"57 1","pages":"20250063"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Independent Evaluation of Rootstock Resistance and Endophytic Bacteria for Managing Citrus Nematode. 柑桔线虫防治砧木抗性和内生细菌的独立评价。

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Journal of nematology Pub Date : 2026-01-31 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2025-0064

Seyedeh Najmeh Banihashemian, Seyedeh Negin Mirghasemi, Ali Seraji, Hadi Karimipour Fard, Salar Jamali

{"title":"Independent Evaluation of Rootstock Resistance and Endophytic Bacteria for Managing Citrus Nematode.","authors":"Seyedeh Najmeh Banihashemian, Seyedeh Negin Mirghasemi, Ali Seraji, Hadi Karimipour Fard, Salar Jamali","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0064","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2025-0064","url":null,"abstract":"Tylenchulus semipenetrans, a destructive root-parasitic nematode, causes slow decline and significant yield losses worldwide in citrus. Developing resistant cultivars/rootstocks remains an important strategy for the sustainable management of plant-parasitic nematodes in integrated pest management (IPM) systems. Controlling the citrus nematode is challenging due to its wide host range and high adaptability. Although commonly used, chemical nematicides increase production costs and pose risks to human health and the environment. In this study, we separately evaluated the response of five commonly used citrus rootstocks, Citrus paradisi (M.) × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. (Citromelo), P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. (Poncirus), Citrus jambhiri Lush (Rough lemon), C. volkameriana Ten. & Pasq. (Volkamer lemon), and Citrus aurantium L. (Sour orange), to T. semipenetrans infection. In parallel, we evaluated the biocontrol potential of two bacterial strains, Bacillus safensis Q.en and Pseudomonas chlororaphis P.en, on the susceptible 'Sour Orange'. The results showed that T. semipenetrans exhibited the highest reproduction on 'Volkamer lemon' (275 females/g root and 1,150 second-stage juveniles [J2s]/200 g soil), whereas 'Citromelo' showed the strongest resistance (8 females/g root and 220 J2s/200 g soil). Application of the bacterial agents to 'Sour Orange' significantly reduced the number of females on roots and juveniles in the soil, while also improving plant growth parameters compared to untreated controls. Our findings demonstrate the individual potential of using resistant rootstocks or biocontrol agents as economical, effective, and environmentally safe components for managing T. semipenetrans. The resistant genotypes identified may also be useful in future breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"57 1","pages":"20250064"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Meloidogyne chitwoodi Race 1 and Pathotype Roza in Arabidopsis thaliana and Tomato Plants. 拟南芥和番茄1号小种和Roza致病型鉴定。

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Journal of nematology Pub Date : 2026-01-14 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2025-0061

M Teixeira, K S Clements, K O Chandler, C Gleason

引用次数: 0