Journal of Medical Primatology最新文献

{"title":"Testing pulmonary physiology in ventilated non-human primates","authors":"Orlando Cervantes,&nbsp;Melissa R. Berg,&nbsp;Siddhartha G. Kapnadak,&nbsp;Elizabeth Miller,&nbsp;Connie Fountain,&nbsp;Britni Curtis,&nbsp;Sandi Thelen,&nbsp;Shannon Ruff,&nbsp;Hazel Huang,&nbsp;William Altemeier,&nbsp;Kristina M. Adams Waldorf","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12694","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12694","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Animal models of respiratory viral infections are essential for investigating disease pathogenesis and the efficacy of antivirals and vaccine candidates. A major limitation in the research of respiratory diseases in animal models is correlating clinically relevant changes in pulmonary physiology with cellular and molecular mechanistic studies. Few animal models have captured and correlated physiologic changes in lung function and immune response within same experiment, which is critical given the heterogeneous nature of lung disease due to viral infections. In ventilated human patients, pulmonary physiology testing can be used to not only capture oxygenation, ventilation, but also pulmonary mechanics to yield quantitative measures of lung function and scalar tracings of flow-volume and pressure-volume loops. Application of this protocol during mechanical ventilation in non-human (NHP) models would represent a major advance in respiratory viral disease research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We have applied and optimized a human pulmonary physiology testing protocol to ventilated pigtail macaques (<i>Macaca nemestrina</i>) at baseline and 5 days after influenza A (IAV) viral inoculation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The NHPs manifested clinical disease with hypothermia and loss of body weight. Declines in lung function were striking with a 66%–81% decline in P/F ratio, a measure of oxygenation reflecting the ratio of partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO₂) to the fraction of inspiratory oxygen concentration (FiO₂). There was also a 16%–45% decline in lung compliance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We describe a new approach to performing pulmonary physiology testing protocol in non-human primates to better capture quantitative correlates of respiratory disease and demonstrate protection by therapeutics and vaccines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140059652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of risk factors for spontaneously occurring type 2 diabetes mellitus in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)","authors":"John P. Capitanio,&nbsp;Laura A. Del Rosso,&nbsp;JoAnn Yee,&nbsp;Marie-Josee Marie-France Lemoy","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12695","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12695","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is a chronic disease with a high prevalence worldwide. Human literature suggests factors beyond well-known risk factors (e.g., age, body mass index) for T2D: cytomegalovirus serostatus, season of birth, maternal age, birth weight, and depression. Nothing is known, however, about whether these variables are influential in primate models of T2D.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a retrospective methodology, we identified 22 cases of spontaneously occurring T2D among rhesus monkeys at our facility. A control sample of <i>n</i> = 1199 was identified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Animals born to mothers that were ≤5.5 years of age, and animals that showed heightened Activity and Emotionality in response to brief separation in infancy, had a greater risk for development of T2D in adulthood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Knowledge of additional risk factors for T2D could help colony managers better identify at-risk animals and enable diabetes researchers to select animals that might be more responsive to their manipulations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmp.12695","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140059651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role and ethics of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) blastoids in primate developmental biology research","authors":"Taeho Kwon","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12693","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12693","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review on cynomolgus monkey (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>) blastoids discusses a breakthrough in modeling early non-human primate embryogenesis, offering insights into embryonic development and implantation processes. It acknowledges ethical challenges and animal welfare considerations in developmental biology, suggests potential applications in human reproductive medicine, and highlights the need for ongoing ethical and technical refinement.</p>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmp.12693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiographically guided femoral neck osteosynthesis with cannulated compressive titanium screw and anti-rotational component in a Brown Howler Monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans)","authors":"Inácio Bernhardt Rovaris,&nbsp;Jacqueline Meyer,&nbsp;Paola Antunes Rodrigues,&nbsp;Lívia Eichenberg Surita,&nbsp;Roberta Picoli,&nbsp;Fábio Trindade Dutra de Almeida Filho,&nbsp;Eduardo Raposo Monteiro,&nbsp;Marcelo Meller Alievi","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12692","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12692","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A Brown Howler Monkey presented with a femoral neck fracture was successfully treated with a cannulated compressive screw and an anti-rotational component inserted with radiographically guided technique. Complete bone consolidation and functional recovery were observed 9 weeks after the surgery, and the monkey was released to his place of origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139729842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reliable and cost-effective protocol for creating bilirubin cerebral palsy model in rhesus macaque","authors":"Yong Zhu,&nbsp;Yanan Xiong,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Xu,&nbsp;Jin Zhang,&nbsp;Haiyang Tong,&nbsp;Hongyi Yang,&nbsp;Xia Niu,&nbsp;Xiaming Shi,&nbsp;Jiulai Tang,&nbsp;Jinhua Li","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmp.12691","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cerebral palsy is a severe motor disability in childhood that poses challenges for children, families, and society. Rhesus macaques are the preferred animals for cerebral palsy model, but surgical excision of motor cortex has low success rate and high cost. In this work, we created cerebral palsy rhesus macaque models by intrathecal injection of bilirubin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The puncture point for injection was identified as the intervertebral disc space two, located below the intersection of the iliac crest line and the posterior median line.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The models showed abnormal posture and increased muscle tension. Diffuse deposits of bilirubin were found in the basal ganglia from the magnetic resonance imaging. Pathological slides also revealed the presence of brain lesions, such as vacuole formation, contraction of neuronal nuclei, and deep staining of nuclei in the histopathological sections of the hippocampus and basal ganglia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The model's symptoms closely resemble those observed in humans with spastic cerebral palsy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139655351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical characterization of integrin alfa 6 in uterus and cervix of the cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with MfPV3 infection","authors":"Dyah Setyawaty,&nbsp;Silmi Mariya,&nbsp;Silvia A. Prabandari,&nbsp;Ditte Rahbaek Boilessen,&nbsp;Peter Johannes Holst,&nbsp;Huda Shalahudin Darusman","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmp.12690","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cervical cancer is an abnormal growth of cervical tissue epithelial cells due to persistent human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Cynomolgus monkeys (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>) can be naturally and spontaneously infected with <i>M. fascicularis</i> Papillomavirus Type 3 (MfPV3), a virus that is phylogenetically closely related to human oncogenic HPV (HPV-16 and HPV-34), and therefore a potentially beneficial for modeling HPV disease. This study aims to evaluate the expression of the integrin alpha 6 (<i>ITGα6</i>) receptor in cynomolgus monkeys spontaneously infected with MfPV3, which this receptor also found in human infected with HPV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was done on archived Formalin-fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) samples of uterine and cervix tissue of cynomolgus monkeys. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to quantify the expression levels of <i>ITGα6</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed 80% of the samples positive Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and increased expression of <i>ITGα6</i> significantly in Positive-MfPV3 group than negative-MfPV3 group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This indicated the potential of cynomolgus monkeys as a spontaneous oncogenesis model of PV infection type.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139435060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing non-human primate models to combat recent COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 and viral infectious disease outbreaks","authors":"Taeho Kwon","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12689","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12689","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent times, global viral outbreaks and diseases, such as COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), Zika (ZIKV), monkeypox (MPOX), Ebola (EBOV), and Marburg (MARV), have been extensively documented. Swiftly deciphering the mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis and devising vaccines or therapeutic interventions to curtail these outbreaks stand as paramount imperatives. Amidst these endeavors, animal models emerge as pivotal tools. Among these models, non-human primates (NHPs) hold a position of particular importance. Their proximity in evolutionary lineage and physiological resemblances to humans render them a primary model for comprehending human viral infections. This review encapsulates the pivotal role of various NHP species—such as rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>), cynomolgus macaques (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>), african green monkeys (<i>Chlorocebus sabaeus/aethiops</i>), pigtailed macaques (<i>Macaca nemestrina/Macaca leonina</i>), baboons (<i>Papio hamadryas</i>/<i>Papio anubis</i>), and common marmosets (<i>Callithrix jacchus</i>)—in investigations pertaining to the abovementioned viral outbreaks. These NHP models play a pivotal role in illuminating key aspects of disease dynamics, facilitating the development of effective countermeasures, and contributing significantly to our overall understanding of viral pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmp.12689","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138801646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First detection of Rift Valley fever virus antibodies in non-human primates in Cameroon","authors":"Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo,&nbsp;Serge Alain Sadeuh-Mba,&nbsp;Gwladys Monamele Chavely,&nbsp;Martin H. Groschup,&nbsp;Wilfred Fon Mbacham,&nbsp;Richard Njouom","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12687","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12687","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We tested for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) from at least 15 species of non-human primates. RVFV IgG/IgM antibodies were detected in 3.7% (2 out of 53) of chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) and in 1.4% (1 out of 72) of unidentified non-human primate species. This study was the first investigation of RVFV in monkeys in Cameroon.</p>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138801588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined untargeted and targeted lipidomics approaches reveal potential biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus cynomolgus monkeys","authors":"Chao-Yang Tian,&nbsp;Qun-Hui Yang,&nbsp;Hai-Zhou Lv,&nbsp;Feng Yue,&nbsp;Fei-Fan Zhou","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12688","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12688","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The significantly increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over the last few decades triggers the demands of T2DM animal models to explore the pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy of the disease. The altered lipid metabolism may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM. However, the characterization of molecular lipid species in fasting serum related to T2DM cynomolgus monkeys is still underrecognized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Untargeted and targeted LC–mass spectrometry (MS)/MS-based lipidomics approaches were applied to characterize and compare the fasting serum lipidomic profiles of T2DM cynomolgus monkeys and the healthy controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multivariate analysis revealed that 196 and 64 lipid molecules differentially expressed in serum samples using untargeted and targeted lipidomics as the comparison between the disease group and healthy group, respectively. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of differential serum lipid metabolites obtained by untargeted and targeted lipidomics approaches, four common serum lipid species (phosphatidylcholine [18:0_22:4], lysophosphatidylcholine [14:0], phosphatidylethanolamine [PE] [16:1_18:2], and PE [18:0_22:4]) were identified as potential biomarkers and all of which were found to be downregulated. By analyzing the metabolic pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism was associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM cynomolgus monkeys.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study found that four downregulated serum lipid species could serve as novel potential biomarkers of T2DM cynomolgus monkeys. Glycerophospholipid metabolism was filtered out as the potential therapeutic target pathway of T2DM progression. Our results showed that the identified biomarkers may offer a novel tool for tracking disease progression and response to therapeutic interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138801579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective study of the mortality of the Vieira's titi monkey (Plecturocebus vieirai) at the Sorocaba Zoo, Brazil","authors":"Maraya Lincoln Silva,&nbsp;Mayara Grego Caiaffa,&nbsp;André Luiz Mota da Costa,&nbsp;Eduardo Ferreira-Machado,&nbsp;Ticiana Brasil Ervedosa,&nbsp;Pedro Enrique Navas-Suárez,&nbsp;Juliana Mariotti Guerra,&nbsp;Flora Nogueira Matos,&nbsp;Cássia Regina Ramos Gonzaga,&nbsp;Natália Coelho Couto de Azevedo Fernandes,&nbsp;Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira","doi":"10.1111/jmp.12685","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmp.12685","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Vieira's titi monkey (<i>Plecturocebus vieirai</i>) was recently described and characterized as endemic to Brazil. According to the IUCN red list, this species is classified as critically endangered (CR). At the date of the publication of this manuscript, there are no published data on the health aspects of this species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For this study, the necropsy, and histopathological data of the mortality of <i>P</i>. <i>vieirai</i> at Sorocaba Zoo (São Paulo, Brazil) were collected and analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Causes of death diagnosed included disorders of the urinary, gastrointestinal, immune, and circulatory systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides information regarding the pathological conditions of <i>P</i>. <i>vieirai</i> and points to urinary and gastrointestinal diseases as the main causes of death in this species at Sorocaba Zoo. These results can help veterinarians who have this species under their care diagnose and deal with it more quickly, increasing the probability of survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16439,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Primatology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138444910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}