{"title":"Comparison of some geometric frameworks for dissipative evolution in multiscale non-equilibrium thermodynamics","authors":"Miroslav Grmela, Michal Pavelka","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2025-0174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2025-0174","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we review and compare some geometric frameworks for dissipation in non-equilibrium thermodynamics. We start with a brief overview of classical irreversible thermodynamics and gradient dynamics. Then we discuss several specific frameworks including Rayleigh dissipation potential and the dissipative d’Alembert framework, showing their relations with gradient dynamics. Finally, we discuss frameworks for dissipative evolution generated from Poisson brackets.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147471158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rheological modeling with GENERIC and with the Onsager principle","authors":"Miroslav Grmela","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2025-0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2025-0125","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we compare three frameworks for modeling flows of complex fluids: (i) local conservations of mass, momentum and energy, (ii) GENERIC, and (iii) Onsager principle. The first is based on the mass, momentum, and energy conservation implied by mechanics, the second on the observed approach (in the state space) of externally unforced fluids to thermodynamic equilibrium states, and the third on the approach (in the space of vector fields) of externally driven fluids to dynamics involving less details. The comparison is illustrated on isothermal polymeric fluids.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147371208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonequilibrium thermodynamics with constraints: constrained functional derivatives and their transformations","authors":"Brian J. Edwards, Antony N. Beris","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2025-0143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2025-0143","url":null,"abstract":"A general methodology of incorporating physical constraints into applications of bracket theory in nonequilibrium thermodynamics is introduced at the macroscopic level expressed in terms of a set of local field variables. Constraints on the state variables are incorporated into the system description by suitably modifying the functional derivatives due to the presence of constraints through an extension of Lagrange’s method of undetermined multipliers to local field variables, whereby the dynamics of conserved quantities are restricted to submanifolds that are compatible with the imposed constraints. This article presents the mathematical prerequisites of the general methodology and a classification of constraints, along with a discussion of characteristic applications to microstructured materials.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamics of stochastic chains with harmonic and FPUT potentials","authors":"Emilio N.M. Cirillo, Matteo Colangeli, Claudio Giberti, Lamberto Rondoni","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2025-0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2025-0150","url":null,"abstract":"Inspired by recent studies on deterministic oscillator models, we introduce a stochastic one-dimensional model for a chain of interacting particles. The model consists of <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> particles performing continuous-time random walks on the integer lattice <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <m:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">Z</m:mi> </m:math> <jats:tex-math>$mathbb{Z}$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_jnetdy-2025-0150_ineq_001.png\"/> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> with exponentially distributed waiting times. The particles are bound by confining forces to two particles that do not move, placed at positions <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> +1 </jats:sub> , respectively, and they feel the presence of baths with given inverse temperatures: <jats:italic>β</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>L</jats:italic> </jats:sub> to the left, <jats:italic>β</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> </jats:sub> in the middle, and <jats:italic>β</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> </jats:sub> to the right. Each particle has an index and interacts with its nearest neighbors in index space through either a quadratic potential or a Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou type coupling. This local interaction in index space can give rise to effective long-range interactions on the spatial lattice, depending on the instantaneous configuration. Particle hopping rates are governed either by the Metropolis rule or by a modified version that breaks detailed balance at the interfaces between regions with different baths. In both cases, the dynamics drive the system toward the minimization of an appropriate energy functional, even under non-uniform temperature profiles.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liquid-vapor interface resistivities for non-ideal gases","authors":"Henning Struchtrup","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2025-0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2025-0104","url":null,"abstract":"The classical Hertz–Knudsen–Schrage (HKS) relations for mass and heat transfer across liquid-vapor interfaces are valid for ideal gas vapors only. We propose a generalization of the HKS relations towards non-ideal vapors based on equilibrium and non-equilibrium property relations for a van-der-Waals-like gas obtained from the Enskog–Vlasov kinetic equation, and determine the corresponding dimensionless resistivities for mass and heat transfer across an interface. Considering constant evaporation and accommodation coefficients, it is found that all resistivities decay towards the critical point.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ecological performance analyses and multi-objective optimizations for thermal-Brownian-engine with external heat-transfer","authors":"Congzheng Qi, Lingen Chen, Huijun Feng, Yanlin Ge, Xubing Chen","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2025-0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2025-0083","url":null,"abstract":"Based on finite-time-thermodynamics and thermal-Brownian-engine cycle with external heat transfers, expressions for ecological function and efficient ecological function are derived firstly herein. Two temperatures for hot and cold viscous mediums are solved by combining heat flow balance equations, and ecological performances are analyzed. Next, with thermal-conductance-ratio, barrier-height and external-load as optimization variables, 15 combinations including power, efficiency, ecological-function and efficient-ecological-function as optimization objectives, single- and multi-objective optimizations are conducted utilizing non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II), and Pareto frontiers for different combinations are obtained. Finally, the optimal schemes for different multi-objective optimizations are determined using three decision-making methods. Results indicate that this engine can operate under maximal ecological function or efficient ecological function objectives. Ecological-function, efficient-ecological-function and multi-objective optimizations can achieve trade-offs between power and efficiency, and multi-objective optimizations provide more suitable solutions. For four-objective optimization, optimal scheme with Shannon-Entropy method is closer to ideal solution, and barrier height and external load corresponding to Pareto frontier are distributed uniformly within their ranges, while thermal conductance ratio is concentrated around 0.5. Adjusting barrier height and external load is an effective way to achieve coordinated optimization of these four objectives.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling and simulations of nonequilibrium bioheat transfer in biological tissue using FEM with experimental verifications","authors":"Areej Almuneef, Ibrahim Abbas","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2025-0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2025-0152","url":null,"abstract":"This work provides numerical solution for the dual-phase lag (DPL) theory, which accounts for non-equilibrium heating transfer in cylindrical living tissue during laser irradiation by finite element method. Given the complexity of the governing equation, the solution to such problems is pursued through the implementation of the finite element approach. The assessment of tissue thermal injuries includes determining the span of denatured proteins through the application of the Arrhenius formulation. The results of the finite element method are confirmed as valid by comparing its numerical solution with the data available from the existing experimental data. Furthermore, a comparison with validated experimental data confirms the efficacy of the mathematical model in assessing bioheat transfer in living tissues. The present findings highlight the importance of incorporating dual-phase lags in predictive thermal models to accurately capture the transient response of biological tissues under short-pulse laser exposure.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145703975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the identification of two internal tensorial variables and a heat transport equation with inertial, thermal viscosity and vorticity terms","authors":"Liliana Restuccia, David Jou, Michal Pavelka","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2024-0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2024-0100","url":null,"abstract":"In a rigid crystal, phonons are quasiparticles that carry heat, and they can be seen at various levels of description like phonon kinetic theory, phonon hydrodynamics, Guyer–Krumhansl equation, or Fourier heat conduction. In a previous paper, we extended the Guyer–Krumhansl equation by adding two internal state variables, a symmetric tensor and an antisymmetric tensor. These internal variables express the viscous and vortical motion of phonons. In the present paper, we analyze the model by means of asymptotic expansion, and we find a geometric analogue of the model. While the zeroth-order expansion reduces the model to the Guyer–Krumhansl equation, the first-order expansion gives a more complicated heat flux evolution equation, of which the stability conditions of equilibrium solutions are studied. The geometric formulation of the model gives the heat flux as a functional of the entropy flux, in contrast to the usual setting of Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics, and also the two fluxes cease to be proportional via the temperature (in contrast to the Clausius formula for entropy flux).","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145680052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo González-Mora, Ram Poudel, María Dolores Durán-García
{"title":"Endoreversible description of photothermal Vuilleumier refrigeration machines","authors":"Eduardo González-Mora, Ram Poudel, María Dolores Durán-García","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2025-0094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2025-0094","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable cooling is critical for climate change mitigation and energy resilience, potentially reducing global greenhouse gas emissions while addressing rising demand for cooling. Solar refrigeration technologies offer alternatives to electricity-intensive refrigeration systems but remain underutilised in industrial applications where thermal energy is required for many manufacturing processes. Specifically, Vuilleumier refrigerators – heat-driven devices with mechanical simplicity – show unexplored potential when powered by concentrated solar energy, as no existing models integrate a solar concentrator with the refrigeration cycle irreversibilities. Here, we develop an endoreversible thermodynamic model of a solar-driven Vuilleumier refrigerator, coupling optical concentration, absorber design, and regeneration effect. Numerical analysis reveals that the coefficient of performance ( <jats:italic>β</jats:italic> ) exhibits concentration-dependent thresholds ( <jats:italic>ξ</jats:italic> > 0.18 at 273 K; <jats:italic>ξ</jats:italic> > 0.11 at 253 K), with asymptotic plateaus at <jats:italic>β</jats:italic> ≈ 9 and <jats:italic>β</jats:italic> ≈ 4 respectively. Normalised sensitivity analysis identifies regenerator effectiveness ( <jats:italic>ɛ</jats:italic> ) as the dominant parameter (12–16 times more influential), compared with the solar-specific parameters. These results resolve a critical gap in solar-thermal refrigeration by demonstrating that regenerator design – not concentrator scaling – limits maximum coefficient of performance. This work provides a thermodynamic blueprint delineating the fundamental performance boundaries of solar-Vuilleumier technology, governed by irreversibility constraints and asymptotic efficiency limits.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145491817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}