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Non-equilibrium variational approach to chemical reactions: application to enzyme kinetics 化学反应的非平衡变分方法：在酶动力学上的应用
IF 6.6 3区 工程技术
Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Pub Date : 2026-06-19 DOI: 10.1515/jnet-2026-0018
Filiberto Herrera-Castro, Jesus Antonio del Río
{"title":"Non-equilibrium variational approach to chemical reactions: application to enzyme kinetics","authors":"Filiberto Herrera-Castro, Jesus Antonio del Río","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2026-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2026-0018","url":null,"abstract":"The study of enzyme kinetics is one of the core branches of enzymology. Enzyme reactions are crucial in the study of the origin and preservation of life. Since biological systems function under nonequilibrium conditions, analysing whether a nonequilibrium thermodynamic framework would adequately describe these types of systems is natural. This work presents a theoretical framework based on extended irreversible thermodynamics and variational principles for enzyme kinetics. We show that our model can describe the nonequilibrium region close to the end of the enzymatic reaction, where a transition occurs from non-linear to linear behaviour according to our model. It is argued that this model can describe not only “enzyme-substrate” reactions, but also anywhere we have the action of a catalyst, such as in the study of nanozymes.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shock waves in thermoelastic complex bars with possible microstructural diffusion 热弹性复杂棒材中的激波与可能的微结构扩散
IF 6.6 3区 工程技术
Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Pub Date : 2026-06-13 DOI: 10.1515/jnet-2025-0182
Paolo Maria Mariano
{"title":"Shock waves in thermoelastic complex bars with possible microstructural diffusion","authors":"Paolo Maria Mariano","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2025-0182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2025-0182","url":null,"abstract":"We consider non-isothermal processes on a bar made of a material endowed with “active” microstructure, that is, a material in which low spatial scale phenomena involve interactions not completely representable in terms of the standard stress. We analyze how these interactions play a role in the propagation of shock waves. We show that there is a direct influence essentially when a microstructural inertia relative to the rest of body can be recorded or the microstructure is latent in the sense of Capriz. The analysis is skeletal and underlines the essential conceptual elements.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relaxation to nonequilibrium 非平衡弛豫
IF 6.6 3区 工程技术
Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Pub Date : 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1515/jnet-2026-0037
Christian Maes, Karel Netočný
{"title":"Relaxation to nonequilibrium","authors":"Christian Maes, Karel Netočný","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2026-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2026-0037","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the structure of relaxation for a steadily driven macroscopic body. The time-evolution is characterized as the zero-cost flow for a nonequilibrium and nonlinear extension of the Onsager–Machlup action governing the dynamical fluctuations. The approach hinges on two main elements: the principle of local detailed balance, which identifies the relevant thermodynamic forces, and the canonical decomposition of the Frenesy into a Legendre pair. Notably, it is the time-symmetric component of the Lagrangian, the Frenesy, that shapes the structure of the macroscopic evolution for given forcing. We add a simple argument for why the nonequilibrium entropy, which governs the <jats:italic>static</jats:italic> macroscopic fluctuations of the system, is monotone in time. The results can be interpreted as the steady nonequilibrium extension of <jats:monospace>GENERIC</jats:monospace> where relaxation to equilibrium is governed by a dissipative gradient flow superimposed on a Hamiltonian flow.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of curved fins and crescent-shaped protrusions on thermal performance in a wedge channel 弯曲翅片和新月形突起对楔形通道热性能的影响
IF 6.6 3区 工程技术
Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Pub Date : 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1515/jnet-2026-0011
Goveraiahgari Venkatesh, Jamuna Rani Ganipineni, Anumolu Venkata Siva Ram Prasad, Meenakshi Reddy Reddygari, Gangadhara Rao Ponugoti, Deenadayalan Ganapathi
{"title":"Effect of curved fins and crescent-shaped protrusions on thermal performance in a wedge channel","authors":"Goveraiahgari Venkatesh, Jamuna Rani Ganipineni, Anumolu Venkata Siva Ram Prasad, Meenakshi Reddy Reddygari, Gangadhara Rao Ponugoti, Deenadayalan Ganapathi","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2026-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2026-0011","url":null,"abstract":"To increase a turbine’s efficiency and power output, the inlet temperature is substantially greater than the blade metal melting point. The problem with the trailing edge is that it frequently has the highest material temperature of the entire blade, resulting in the greatest thermal burden. Pin fin arrays and protrusions are a common method for cooling the trailing edge. This study introduces a novel configuration combining curved circular pin fins and crescent-shaped protrusions to improve the thermal-hydraulic performance of a wedge-shaped cooling channel. Both numerical simulations using CFD and experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the channel with and without protrusions. A continuous heat flux of 3,280 w/m <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> is applied to the top wall, bottom wall, and fins. Wedge channel with curved fins and crescent protrusions are compared with base line model by varying the Reynolds number from 10,000–80,000. According to the findings, curved circular pin fins perform more effectively as a result of severe turbulence, with there being a 25.2 % increase in heat transfer when protrusion is used. Wedge ducts with curved circular pin fins and surface protrusions experience approximately 4.5–10.5 % higher pressure loss compared to the same configuration without protrusions, depending on the Reynolds number. The thermal performance factor of curved circular pin fin with protrusion shows a 25 % increase with respect to curved circular pin fin without protrusion.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermodynamic conditions ensure the stability of third-order extended heat conduction 热力学条件保证了三阶扩展热传导的稳定性
IF 6.6 3区 工程技术
Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Pub Date : 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1515/jnet-2026-0042
Peter Ván, Réka Somogyfoki
{"title":"Thermodynamic conditions ensure the stability of third-order extended heat conduction","authors":"Peter Ván, Réka Somogyfoki","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2026-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2026-0042","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent work, Somogyfoki et al. ( <jats:italic>J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.</jats:italic> vol. 50, pp. 59–76, 2025) analysed the linear stability of homogeneous equilibrium in third-order non-Fourier heat conduction within the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics with internal variables. They identified a stability condition, their equation (49), which could not be derived from the standard thermodynamic inequalities for the 2 × 2 conductivity blocks, and concluded that the Second Law does not guarantee stability in the most general case. Here we show that this conclusion was due to an overly conservative proof strategy: the standard thermodynamic conditions (concave entropy and non-negative entropy production, as expressed by the 2 × 2 block positive-definiteness inequalities (19)–(20) of the original paper) do suffice for linear stability. The key observation is that all coefficients of the dispersion polynomial remain positive for all physical wave numbers because their structure prevents positive real roots. This result confirms that thermodynamics, understood as a stability theory (Ván, <jats:italic>Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A</jats:italic> , vol. 381, 2023, Art. no. 20220276), ensures fundamental dynamic stability in all thermodynamically consistent third-order extended heat conduction theories. A comparison with the rate-equation approach of Giorgi, Morro and Zullo ( <jats:italic>Meccanica</jats:italic> , vol. 359, pp. 1757–1776, 2024) is also presented.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of fractional derivative modeling on porous viscoelastic tissue under pulsed heat flux 分数阶导数模型对脉冲热流下多孔粘弹性组织的影响
IF 6.6 3区 工程技术
Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Pub Date : 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1515/jnet-2026-0035
Zuhur Alqahtani, Ibrahim Abbas, Areej Almuneef, Alaa A. El-Bary
{"title":"Influence of fractional derivative modeling on porous viscoelastic tissue under pulsed heat flux","authors":"Zuhur Alqahtani, Ibrahim Abbas, Areej Almuneef, Alaa A. El-Bary","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2026-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2026-0035","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the coupled thermomechanical behavior of viscoelastic porous tissue to advance the understanding of heating transfer mechanisms and their associated biothermomechanical effects during thermal treatment procedures. A bio-thermoelastic framework is developed, incorporating the Atangana–Baleanu fractional time derivatives model with one thermal relaxation parameter to capture the transient responses of viscoelastic tissue with voids. Analytical closed-form expressions for void volume fraction, displacement, temperature, and stress distributions are derived using an eigenvalues-based formulation in the Laplace transform domain. Numerical computations are conducted to evaluate the impact of the fractional parameter and the characteristic duration of a pulsed heat flux. The findings reveal significant discrepancies from predictions based on the classical Fourier model, underscoring the critical role of thermal relaxation in accurately describing transient bioheat behavior.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Finite-time thermodynamic modelling and optimization for irreversible Maisotsenko-Atkinson, Dual and Miller cycles 不可逆Maisotsenko-Atkinson、Dual和Miller循环的有限时间热力学建模和优化
IF 6.6 3区 工程技术
Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Pub Date : 2026-05-30 DOI: 10.1515/jnet-2026-0027
Rongfu Mao, Lingen Chen
{"title":"Finite-time thermodynamic modelling and optimization for irreversible Maisotsenko-Atkinson, Dual and Miller cycles","authors":"Rongfu Mao, Lingen Chen","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2026-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2026-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Maisotsenko-cycle (M-cycle) is an innovative concept for cooling and power plants developed recently, and it can be utilized to construct new cycle configurations. Appling finite-time-thermodynamics and combing with M-cycle concept, establishment of three models for irreversible M-Atkinson-cycle, irreversible M-Dual-cycle and irreversible M-Miller-cycle with internal irreversibility, friction-loss, and heat-transfer loss is performed. Power-output ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> ) and thermal-efficiency ( <jats:italic>η</jats:italic> ) of the three irreversible M-cycles are analyzed and optimized, the maximum <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> and the corresponding pressure-ratio and <jats:italic>η</jats:italic> , the maximum <jats:italic>η</jats:italic> and the corresponding pressure-ratio and <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> , and optimum pressure-ratio ranges are yielded. Comparative analyses with conventional irreversible Atkinson-cycle, irreversible Dual-cycle, and irreversible Miller-cycle are also performed. Results include those of three endoreversible M-cycles and reversible M-cycles, and show that for three irreversible M-cycles, both <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>η</jats:italic> at any pressure-ratio are much higher than those of the corresponding three conventional irreversible cycles, and irreversible M-cycle performances are superior to those of the corresponding three conventional irreversible cycles.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demon with dementia – the deterioration of information transcription 恶魔与痴呆-恶化的信息转录
IF 6.6 3区 工程技术
Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Pub Date : 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1515/jnet-2026-0016
Maggie Williams, Emery Doucet, Sebastian Deffner
{"title":"Demon with dementia – the deterioration of information transcription","authors":"Maggie Williams, Emery Doucet, Sebastian Deffner","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2026-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2026-0016","url":null,"abstract":"In introductory biology, aging is typically explained as a result of mutations during the DNA replication process within cells. Upon abstraction, we recognize that cellular aging can be understood as the gradual decay in fidelity of information transcription. Since cellular processes are microscopic and inherently stochastic, the abstracted process of information transcription can be understood using Markovian dynamics. In our work, we model the process of information transcription with an autonomous Maxwell’s demon (AMD) which interacts with two bitstreams, a lifted mass, and a heat reservoir. As main results, we analyze the steady-state properties of the system with both time-independent and time-dependent transition rates, focusing on the statistics of extractable work, bit transcription fidelity, and two-bit mutual information. Together, these results provide a holistic view of a simplified model for DNA transcription as an information-theoretic process.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phonon hydrodynamics of short channels with entrance-length effects: solids and superfluids 具有入口长度效应的短通道声子流体动力学：固体和超流体
IF 6.6 3区 工程技术
Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Pub Date : 2026-04-21 DOI: 10.1515/jnet-2025-0141
Lidia Saluto
{"title":"Phonon hydrodynamics of short channels with entrance-length effects: solids and superfluids","authors":"Lidia Saluto","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2025-0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2025-0141","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose an expression for the effective thermal conductivity of thin and short channels in the context of non-linear phonon hydrodynamics with entrance-length effects. The channels communicate two thermal reservoirs of the same material than the channel, so that there are no interfaces at the longitudinal boundaries of the channel, but only an abrupt change of the radius. The channels are so short that the fully-developed Poiseuille flow usually assumed in phonon hydrodynamics cannot be reached in the length of the system. The corresponding expression is analogous to that arising in narrow and short channels of superfluid helium between two helium reservoirs at slightly different temperatures.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"263 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147731785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Eigenvalue analysis of thermo-mechanical relaxation times in viscoelastic skin tissue 粘弹性皮肤组织热-机械松弛时间特征值分析
IF 6.6 3区 工程技术
Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Pub Date : 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1515/jnet-2025-0168
Zuhur Alqahtani, Ibrahim Abbas, Areej Almuneef
{"title":"Eigenvalue analysis of thermo-mechanical relaxation times in viscoelastic skin tissue","authors":"Zuhur Alqahtani, Ibrahim Abbas, Areej Almuneef","doi":"10.1515/jnet-2025-0168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2025-0168","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the thermoviscoelastic behavior of skin tissue under applied heat flux. The analysis uses the Pennes bioheat transfer model and the Kelvin-Voigt model for viscoelastic materials. A governing equation for biothermoviscoelasticity is provided with relevant initial and boundary conditions for a single-layer skin model of finite thickness. Temperature, displacement, and stress in the tissue are computed using a Laplace-transform eigenvalue method, then converted back to the time domain with MATLAB. To understand the effects of the viscosity coefficient, relaxation times of viscosity and thermal conduction, and the characteristic time of pulsing heat flux on the temperature profiles and mechanical deformation, parametric studies are conducted. Displacement, temperature and stress are plotted and presented. In combination, these measures assess the tissue response and provide a theoretical framework to support model refinement and the optimization of thermal therapy.","PeriodicalId":16428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147648957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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