Journal of microbiological methods最新文献

{"title":"New organic matter decomposition test method as an indicator for soil health","authors":"Stephanie Kvas,&nbsp;Ajith Dias Samarajeewa,&nbsp;Lee A. Beaudette,&nbsp;Rick Scroggins,&nbsp;Juliska Princz","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil microbial processes are critical to soil health and provide essential ecosystem services, such as nutrient cycling. For carbon cycling, microorganisms are constantly active in organic matter decomposition (OMD) and disruption to this process can indicate an impairment to the ecosystem. Therefore, methods to assess changes to OMD are critical. However, no standardized laboratory methods have been available to measure OMD in a consistent manner. We adapted a field OMD test to a laboratory environment, where OMD is measured by evaluating the percentage mass loss of cellulose filter paper, which acts as an organic matter substrate within test soil, based on the in situ microbial community activity. The test can be used with various soils and is adaptable to both chemically-spiked soils for dose-response analysis but also contaminated and reference field-collected soils. Analyzing 8 different datasets enabled us to establish validity criterion such that filter papers in the control soil must be ≥30 % degraded. To ensure reproducibility, a ring test was conducted using a series of tests; the coefficient of variation across laboratories ranged from 18.9 to 29.7 %. When evaluating a dose-response design, the mean effective concentration (EC50) of AgNO₃ was 65.4 ± 12.0 (<em>n</em> = 11) mg/kg in the ring test, with a CV of 18.4 %. Here, we present the development and validation procedure for the laboratory-based OMD test method, providing the basis for a standardized method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145756822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring improved sample recovery and processing methods targeting Bacillus anthracis spores from vegetation matrices","authors":"Michael Pirhalla ,&nbsp;Denise Aslett ,&nbsp;Worth Calfee ,&nbsp;Sanjiv Shah ,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdel-Hady ,&nbsp;Mariela Monge ,&nbsp;Lesley Mendez-Sandoval ,&nbsp;Joe Wood ,&nbsp;Amy Krause ,&nbsp;Anne Mikelonis ,&nbsp;Shannon Serre ,&nbsp;Katrina McConkey ,&nbsp;Erin Silvestri","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following an accidental or intentional outdoor release of an environmentally persistent biological agent, such as <em>Bacillus anthracis (Ba),</em> a sampling campaign involving the collection of bulk vegetation matrices (grass, ground litter, and leaves) to determine the scope of contamination might be part of a remediation plan. These vegetative materials contain fungi, bacteria, and/or other naturally present background microorganisms that will impact target analyte recovery. This study aimed to optimize recovery of surrogate <em>Ba</em> spores by exploring 1) methods to separate target spores from non-target compounds, and 2) methods to reduce the number of non-target organisms present in the sample. Approaches to dislodge spores from a sample matrix demonstrated, and resulted through statistical analyses, that the sample agitation time used with a Phosphate-Buffered Saline with 0.05 % Tween 20® (PBST) solution could be reduced to 30 s compared to a previous 2-min baseline study. Over 100 individual experiments were performed involving a combination of heat, chemical, antifungal, and enzyme treatments to investigate background contamination mitigation. Despite the comprehensive evaluation, no single treatment protocol completely removed competing background microorganisms to adequately enumerate <em>Ba</em> surrogate spores in grass samples, as determined through visual enumeration of culture plates and through ANOVA statistical analyses. Enumerating colonies from ground litter and leaf samples was often challenging, but spores from both sample types could be successfully counted following particular treatment protocols, such as a combination of H₂O₂ and heat treatment. An alternative to traditional culture plating for ground litter and grass samples was tested through the use of Rapid Viability-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RV-PCR); however, its known limitations should be considered when selecting analysis methods. This work provides a step towards developing standardized sample collection and processing procedures for select vegetation matrices by performing a comprehensive investigation of analysis methods proven through prior literature, albeit the results demonstrated that some matrix types still result in unique challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145781165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of in-vitro growth assays for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis revealed methylene blue colorimetry is the most accurate","authors":"Kashmini Kaushalya Sumanasekera,&nbsp;Lee Francis Skerratt,&nbsp;Lee Berger,&nbsp;Rebecca Jane Webb","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2026.107394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2026.107394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</em> (<em>Bd</em>) is a destructive fungal pathogen, having caused the global decline and extinction of numerous amphibian species. Robust methodologies to accurately measure fungal growth <em>in-vitro</em> are needed for experiments aimed at understanding the physiology, pathogenicity, and virulence of this fungus. Despite their importance, no studies have directly compared <em>Bd</em> growth assays or evaluated their performance across different cell concentrations. This study is the first to compare assays and identify the most suitable methods for quantifying <em>Bd</em> growth <em>in-vitro</em> under different experimental conditions. To determine the optimal protocol for measuring the growth of <em>Bd</em> cells, we compared four methods: optical density, BacTiter-Glo™ microbial cell viability assay, methylene blue colorimetry, and microscopic image analysis. The performance of each assay was determined over a range of growing conditions. These were created by applying two stressors (cadmium and hygromycin) on two concentrations of <em>Bd</em> cells and replicated in two different <em>Bd</em> isolates. Our results conclude methylene blue colorimetry as the most reliable technique for measuring <em>Bd</em> growth <em>in-vitro</em> as it consistently yields accurate and precise results across a spectrum of cell concentrations regardless of the stressor or <em>Bd</em> isolate. Imaging and optical density analyses appear moderately accurate and are non-destructive options. BacTiter-Glo™ assay is suitable to assess growth in low cell concentrations. The optimal choice of growth assays depends on experimental designs and available laboratory facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145966140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative review of vector insertion techniques in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","authors":"Ritika Gopalakrishnan ,&nbsp;Kamala Kannan ,&nbsp;Ragul Gunasekaran ,&nbsp;Priya Ramachandran ,&nbsp;Dhanraj Ganapathy ,&nbsp;Sivaperumal Pitchiah","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>, a model organism in genetics and molecular biology has been extensively engineered using various vector insertion techniques. This review compares and contrasts three prominent techniques: <em>In vivo</em> homologous recombination (HR), Cre-<em>lox</em> recombination and CRISPR/Cas9. <em>In vivo</em> HR leverages the organism's innate DNA repair machinery for easy vector integration and targeted genome modifications. Cre-<em>lox</em> recombination offers high specificity and efficiency at <em>loxP</em> sites, making it ideal for targeted gene excision or integration. CRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized genome engineering with its precision and ability to target multiple loci simultaneously. Each technique has its strengths and limitations, including site dependency, off-target effects, and strain-specific variability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these vector insertion techniques, highlighting their applications, advantages, and limitations in <em>S. cerevisiae</em> genome engineering and synthetic biology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145819757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of newly developed PCR detection and sequencing methods for the lafA gene to Aeromonas isolates","authors":"Kazufumi Miyagi ,&nbsp;Noriaki Shimoji ,&nbsp;Itaru Hirai","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing assays were developed to reveal the prevalence and nucleotide sequence of the lateral flagellar A gene (<em>lafA</em>) in clinical and environmental strains of <em>Aeromonas</em> spp. and were applied to both origins of the <em>Aeromonas</em> species. We designed a total of ten primers for PCR detection and sequencing of the <em>lafA</em> gene and used them on 63 clinical and 110 environmental strains of <em>Aeromonas</em> spp. The <em>lafA1</em> and/or <em>lafA2</em> (<em>lafA1/A2</em>) genes of approximately 800 bp size and the <em>lafA1-A2</em> genes of approximately 1800 bp size from the <em>lafA1</em> to <em>lafA2</em> genes could be detected specifically by the PCR assay. The overall detection rate of <em>lafA1/A2</em> genes was significantly higher in environmental than clinical strains, and strains bearing the <em>lafA1-A2</em> genes appeared in several species. The sequencing assay was able to easily sequence the <em>lafA1</em> gene of 68 strains. However, there was little specific clustering that can distinguish clinical and environmental strains in the phylogenetic tree. New PCR detection and sequencing methods for the <em>lafA</em> gene of <em>Aeromonas</em> spp. were successfully applied to clinical and environmental strains. Since the genetic testing methods developed in this study could specifically detect the <em>lafA1/A2</em> and <em>lafA1-A2</em> genes and easily sequence the <em>lafA1</em> gene, they may be useful for public health and environmental monitoring of <em>Aeromonas</em> spp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of audible acoustic stimulation to investigate growth responses in three Pleurotus species","authors":"Raymond Place ,&nbsp;Laura Kunz ,&nbsp;Benedikt Sager ,&nbsp;Jérémy Hentgen ,&nbsp;Silvio Wigger","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2026.107393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2026.107393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acoustic stimulation can influence microbial growth and metabolism, yet little is known about its impact on edible mushrooms of the genus <em>Pleurotus</em>. This study evaluated the effects of audible sound waves on yield and fructification in three commercially relevant <em>Pleurotus</em> strains. Substrate blocks of <em>Pleurotus eryngii</em>, <em>P. ostreatus</em>, and <em>P. ostreatus</em> x <em>P. eryngii hybrid</em> (a commercial hybrid strain known as ‘Black Pearl’) were cultivated under controlled production conditions. Blocks were exposed to sound frequencies of 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 225 Hz, or 750 Hz at 80 dB for 300 s during the primordia stage. Untreated blocks served as controls. Yields from two consecutive harvests were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA or nonparametric equivalents, with significance set at α = 0.05.</div><div>Growth responses varied among species. <em>P. eryngii</em> showed yield increases at 225 Hz and 750 Hz, but reductions at 50 Hz and 100 Hz. All tested frequencies enhanced yields in Black Pearl, with the strongest effect at 750 Hz. In contrast, <em>P. ostreatus</em> exhibited reduced yields across all frequencies compared with controls. Homogeneity of fructification differed between species, with <em>P. eryngii</em> showing irregular patterns, while Black Pearl and <em>P. ostreatus</em> maintained consistent fruiting.</div><div>The findings highlight the potential of sound-based interventions to optimize mushroom cultivation, particularly for <em>P. eryngii</em> and Black Pearl. Further controlled trials are warranted to validate reproducibility, to elucidate underlying mechanisms, and to explore additional frequencies, sound intensities, and exposure durations that may further enhance or refine the observed effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of antimicrobial compound production by mangrove sediment derived Micromonospora sp. BSS-D-04 and Streptomyces sp. BSS-D-05 using response surface methodology","authors":"Dipransu Pradhan ,&nbsp;Mihir Tanay Das","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the growing global health crisis caused by antibiotic resistance, actinobacteria have emerged as a promising group of microorganisms capable of producing diverse and potent bioactive compounds. India's mangrove ecosystems, known for their rich microbial biodiversity, provide a unique habitat for discovering such novel organisms. In a previous study, two actinobacterial strains, <em>Micromonospora</em> sp. BSS-D-04 and <em>Streptomyces</em> sp. BSS-D-05 were isolated from the Bichitrapur mangrove sediments along the east coast of India and were found to exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The present study focused on optimizing the culture conditions for enhanced production of antimicrobial compounds using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Among the tested carbon sources, glucose and sucrose significantly improved metabolite yields. Further the Central Composite Design (CCD) analysis identified pH 8.0, temperature 37 °C, and agitation speed 140 rpm as optimal growth parameters. Under these conditions, the antibacterial activity of the strains increased up to 122 %. These findings highlight the critical role of both nutritional and physical parameters in maximizing bioactive compound production. The optimized fermentation conditions established in this study holds promise for cost-effective and scalable antimicrobial development from indigenous mangrove-derived actinobacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107387"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145896616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a representative sampling protocol for studying grape berry microbiota at the plot scale","authors":"Gabriela Pinto Miguel ,&nbsp;Olivier Rué ,&nbsp;Martine Pradal ,&nbsp;Evelyne Aguera ,&nbsp;Cécile Neuvéglise","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In viticulture, a comprehensive understanding of the grape microbiota is crucial, as it influences various aspects of the winemaking process, from vine health and grape development to fermentation dynamics and the final sensory profile of the wine. Monitoring these communities helps optimize vineyard practices and ensure product authenticity. Metagenetics is a fast culture-independent approach that allows identification of the microorganisms present in grape berries' microbiota at the genus or species level. In this context, it is crucial to assess the quality of sampling methods in terms of their representativeness of the diversity of microbial communities on grape berries at the plot level. In this study, the microbiota of the variety Artaban was examined. This variety is resistant to powdery mildew and tolerant to downy mildew. Two sampling methods for studying microbiota were investigated by forming two groups: one that pooled the microbiota of 10 vines, and another that studied the microbiota of each vine separately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential of postbiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum as a novel therapeutic agent for Candida albicans","authors":"Guhanraj Radhamanalan ,&nbsp;Sowmiya Soundararajan ,&nbsp;Ragothaman Prathiviraj ,&nbsp;Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai ,&nbsp;Gopinath Ponnusamy Manogaran","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2026.107392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2026.107392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dental caries, a prevalent chronic condition that affects the oral cavity and systemic health of children (7–15 y) and adolescents (16–24 y), can significantly reduce their quality of life. In this study, 120 dental caries samples were collected from Tamil Nadu, India. Seventy-four yeast isolates were identified. The antifungal drugs used were found to be effective against <em>Candida</em> isolates; however, two isolates, belonging to <em>C. albicans</em> and <em>C. tropicalis</em>, showed significant resistance to the tested antifungal agents, fluconazole 10 μg and ketoconazole 10 μg. Hence, <em>C. albicans</em> (DDGRPO5, DDGRPO3) and <em>C. tropicalis</em> (DDGRP04) were identified through sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. The postbiotic of <em>L. fermentum</em> GD5MG inhibited the growth of antifungal drug-resistant <em>Candida</em> sp., significantly reducing the number of planktonic Candida cells and inhibiting Candida biofilm formation, thereby showcasing its potential to suppress dental caries. These observations underscore that, despite the promising probiotic potency, the postbiotic of <em>L. fermentum</em> GD5MG remains a novel and alternative therapeutic candidate for dental prophylaxis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of crude oil-contaminated soil using microbes with degradative and plant-growth-promoting abilities","authors":"Mukesh Aakula ,&nbsp;Mayur Mahindra Kedare ,&nbsp;Sanjukta Patra ,&nbsp;Tarun Gangar ,&nbsp;Siddhartha Singha ,&nbsp;Subham Meher ,&nbsp;Lingaraj Sahoo ,&nbsp;Srinivas Rao ,&nbsp;P. Radhakrishnanand","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microorganisms with traits such as biosurfactant production, hydrocarbonoclastic ability, and PGP activity can be used to restore the soil health of agricultural fields affected by oil pollution. In this study, the ability of a microbial consortium of four microbial strains was assessed to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons and restore the health of oil-contaminated soil. The candidates for bioremediation were selected based on various screening assays (Haemolytic assay, protease activity, siderophore production, ammonia production, and DCPIP assay). The selected candidates for the consortium were: OC4 (<em>Bacillus paralicheniformis KJ-16*</em>), OC9 (<em>Ochrobactrum intermedium</em> NBRC 15820*), <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> NCIM 5514, and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> MTCC 7815. Further, a soil microcosm study was done over 90 days with a focus on plant parameters such as chlorophyll content and concentration of H₂O₂ and MDA in leaf tissue. Finally, the residual hydrocarbons in the soil were assessed by GC–MS and FTIR analysis. The results indicate a reduction in the total chlorophyll content and the accumulation of H₂O₂ and MDA. These results are indicative of oxidative stress in plants. The FT-IR and GC–MS data positively dictate the success of bioremediation via microbial consortium. The consortium of four microbial strains developed in this study have the potential to bioremediate oil-contaminated soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 107377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145827972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}