Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society最新文献

{"title":"Importance of Preoperative Pupillary Reflex in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy.","authors":"Min Ho Lee, Tae-Kyu Lee","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0083","DOIUrl":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) refers to a pathological condition caused by direct or indirect injury to the optic nerves. In the case of patients with traumatic brain injury, adequate vision evaluation is difficult in many cases due to altered mentality. In order to address this problem, we investigated preoperative pupillary light reflex in TON patients as a predictive factor of surgical outcomes after optic nerve decompression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From April 2020 to September 2022, we enrolled patients who were diagnosed with TON and underwent endoscopic optic nerve decompression at our institution. Vision and pupil reflex tests were performed by an ophthalmologist before and after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven patients were enrolled. Their ages ranged from 9 to 78 years and all were male. Among the seven patients, the patient whose pupillary light reflex was sluggish with 6 mm-sized pupil and absent with 7 mm-sized pupil before surgery showed no improvement in vision. Patients with some response to direct reflex or contralateral indirect reflex testing preoperative showed vision improvement after operation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Direct and indirect pupillary reflexes can be important factors determining treatment outcome for TON. In unconscious patients with a fracture involving the optic canal, timely surgical intervention based on pupillary reflex can prevent permanent loss of vision.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Junctional Neural Tube Defect : Two Case Report.","authors":"Bin Yuan, Shungen Huang, Xiangming Yan, Hangzhou Wang","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0061","DOIUrl":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":"105-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Clinical Effects of C2 and C3 Medial Branch Block for Medically Intractable Headache : a Retrospective Study.","authors":"Moonyoung Chung, Won Hee Lee","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0004","DOIUrl":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of medial branch blocks (MBBs) C2 and C3 in treating patients with medically intractable headaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical records of 81 patients with medically intractable headaches who underwent a C2/3 MBB between January 2019 and March 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The degrees of pain were evaluated using a Visual analogue scale (VAS) score (rating 0-10) on baseline and after procedures. To evaluate patients' satisfaction for the treatment, self-reporting measurements were examined and were categorized as excellent (>90% pain relief), good (50-90% pain relief), fair (10-50% pain relief), and none (<10% pain relief).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of MBB procedure was 107. The average baseline VAS score was 7.4±1.5, which improved significantly to 2.6±2.3, 3.6±2.6, and 4.5±3.2 on 1-3 days, 3-7 days, and 3 months after the procedure, respectively (Wilks' lambda within group test, p<0.001). For the subjective feeling of pain relief, percentages of \"excellent\" response in the self-reporting measurements were significantly decreased over time (chi-square test; p=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates clinical effectiveness of C2/3 MBB in patients with medically intractable headaches, with both early and prolonged benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Intraoperative Ventricular Opening on Recurrence Patterns Following Bis-Chloroethyl-Nitrosourea Wafer Implantation for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma.","authors":"Ryosuke Matsuda, Ryosuke Maeoka, Takayuki Morimoto, Tsutomu Nakazawa, Noriaki Tokuda, Masashi Kotsugi, Yasuhiro Takeshima, Kentaro Tamura, Shuichi Yamada, Fumihiko Nishimura, Young-Soo Park, Ichiro Nakagawa","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0030","DOIUrl":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of ventricular opening (VO) on recurrence patterns in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) treated with bis-chloroethyl-nitrosourea (BCNU) wafer implantation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective study included 40 patients with newly diagnosed GBM who received BCNU wafer implantation after tumor resection between March 2013 and February 2022. The patients were categorized into two groups based on whether VO occurred during the GBM resection. While 18 patients had VO, 22 did not have VO. In cases with VO, the ventricular wall defect is closed with gelatin or oxidized regenerated cellulose and fibrin glue before BCNU wafer implantation. Recurrence patterns-classified as local, diffuse, distant, or multifocal-and time to recurrence were compared between patients with and without VO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median follow-up period for the entire cohort was 32.2 months (interquartile range, 16.7-38 months). Median survival time was comparable between patients with VO and patients without VO (38 vs. 26 months, p=0.53). Recurrence occurred in 31/40 patients (77.5%) in entire cohort. The incidence of recurrence was comparable between patients with VO and patients without VO (14 [77.8%] vs. 17 [77.3%], p=1.0). No significant differences were seen between the two groups in time to recurrence (p=0.59) or recurrence patterns (p=0.35).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ventricular opening during surgery with BCNU wafer implantation does not seem to influence the recurrence patterns. Ventricular opening does not induce distant recurrence if appropriate ventricular closure is performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":"60-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype Treatment Outcomes : A Radiomics and Support Vector Machine-Based Approach to Overall Survival Estimation.","authors":"Jiunn-Kai Chong, Priyanka Jain, Shivani Prasad, Navneet Kumar Dubey, Sanjay Saxena, Wen-Cheng Lo","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0100","DOIUrl":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), particularly the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype type, represents a significant clinical challenge due to its aggressive nature and poor prognosis. Despite advancements in medical imaging and its modalities, survival rates have not improved significantly, demanding innovative treatment planning and outcome prediction approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilizes a support vector machine (SVM) classifier using radiomics features to predict the overall survival (OS) of GBM, IDH-wildtype patients to short (<12 months) and long (≥12 months) survivors. A dataset comprising multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging scans from 574 patients was analyzed. Radiomic features were extracted from T1, T2, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and T1 with gadolinium (T1GD) sequences. Low variance features were removed, and recursive feature elimination was used to select the most informative features. The SVM model was trained using a k-fold cross-validation approach. Furthermore, clinical parameters such as age, gender, and MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) promoter methylation status were integrated to enhance prediction accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model showed reasonable results in terms of cross-validated area under the curve of 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.90) with (p<0.001) effectively categorizing patients into short and long survivors. Log-rank test (chi-square statistics) analysis for the developed model was 0.00029 along with the 1.20 Cohen's d effect size. Most importantly, clinical data integration further refined the survival estimates, providing a more fitted prediction that considers individual patient characteristics by Kaplan-Meier curve with p-value <0.0001.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed method significantly enhances the predictive accuracy of OS outcomes in GBM, IDH-wildtype patients. By integrating detailed imaging features with key clinical indicators, this model offers a robust tool for personalized treatment planning, potentially improving OS.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":"7-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing and Charting the Future Path : Addressing the Decline of Brain Tumor Specialists in Korea - Insights from the Korean Brain Tumor Society (KBTS) Future Strategy Committee of 2023.","authors":"Joonho Byun, Kyeong-O Go, Kyung-Min Kim, Dong-Won Shin, Jihwan Yoo, Yeo Song Kim, Sae Min Kwon, Young Zoon Kim, Seon-Hwan Kim","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0132","DOIUrl":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although Republic of Korea is an advanced country in medical technology with a successful treatment rate for serious diseases, such as cancer, and has improved technology for highly difficult surgery, many excellent medical doctors and physicians are struggling due to the recent unreasonable medical environment. Specialization in brain tumor surgery also faces challenges in Republic of Korea, including low financial incentives, legal threats, and limited career prospects. In response, the Korean Brain Tumor Society (KBTS) formed the Future Strategy Committee to assess these obstacles and propose solutions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was conducted among the KBTS members to understand their perceptions and concerns across different career stages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed a decline in interest among chief residents in brain tumor surgery, owing to limited job opportunities and income prospects. Neurosurgical fellows expressed neutral satisfaction but highlighted challenges, such as low patient numbers and income. Faculty members with varying levels of experience echoed similar concerns, emphasizing the need for improved financial incentives and job stability. Despite these challenges, the respondents expressed dedication to the field and suggested strategies for improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The KBTS outlines a vision that focuses on practical excellence, comprehensive research, professional education, responsibilities, and member satisfaction. Addressing these challenges requires collaborative efforts among healthcare institutions, professional societies, and policymakers to support brain tumor specialists and enhance patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Hemifacial Spasm Re-Appearing Phenomenon after Microvascular Decompression Surgery in Patients with Hemifacial Spasm Using Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging.","authors":"Seung Hoon Lim, Xiao-Yi Guo, Hyug-Gi Kim, Hak Cheol Ko, Soonchan Park, Chang-Woo Ryu, Geon-Ho Jahng","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0055","DOIUrl":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is treated by a surgical procedure called microvascular decompression (MVD). However, HFS re-appearing phenomenon after surgery, presenting as early recurrence, is experienced by some patients after MVD. Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and two analytical methods : receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and machine learning, were used to predict early recurrence in this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 60 patients who underwent MVD for HFS. They were divided into two groups : group A consisted of 32 patients who had early recurrence and group B consisted of 28 patients who had no early recurrence of HFS. DSC perfusion MRI was undergone by all patients before the surgery to obtain the several parameters. ROC curve and machine learning methods were used to predict early recurrence using these parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group A had significantly lower relative cerebral blood flow than group B in most of the selected brain regions, as shown by the region-of-interest-based analysis. By combining three extraction fraction (EF) values at middle temporal gyrus, posterior cingulate, and brainstem, with age, using naive Bayes machine learning method, the best prediction model for early recurrence was obtained. This model had an area under the curve value of 0.845.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By combining EF values with age or sex using machine learning methods, DSC perfusion MRI can be used to predict early recurrence before MVD surgery. This may help neurosurgeons to identify patients who are at risk of HFS recurrence and provide appropriate postoperative care.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":"46-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimally Invasive Approaches in Reoperations after Conventional Craniotomies : Case Series.","authors":"Daniel Staribacher, Guenther C Feigl, Gavin Britz, Dzmitry Kuzmin","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0085","DOIUrl":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Reoperations are part of neurosurgical practice. In these cases, an already formed craniotomy seems the most logical and appropriate. However, reoperations via large approaches can be quite traumatic for the patient. Then minimally invasive approaches, being less traumatic, can be a good alternative.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe seven consecutive patients who underwent reoperations using minimally invasive approaches in the areas of conventional craniotomies. Surgical Theater® visualization platform was used for preoperative planning. The study evaluated the size of surgical approach, surgical efficacy, and the presence of complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The size of a minimally invasive craniotomy was significantly smaller than that of a conventional approach. The preoperative goals were achieved in all described cases. There were no complications in the early postoperative period. Although the anatomy of the operated brain region in reoperations is altered, keyhole approaches can be successfully used with the support of preoperative planning and intraoperative neuronavigation. Given that the goals of reoperations may differ from those of the primary surgery, and a large approach is more traumatic for the patient, minimally invasive craniotomy can be considered as a good alternative. The successful use of minimally invasive approaches in areas of conventional craniotomies reinforces the philosophy of keyhole neurosurgery. In cases where goals can be achieved using small approaches, it makes no sense to use large conventional ones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Minimally invasive approaches can be successfully used during reoperations in patients after conventional craniotomies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":"67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spermine Synthase : A Potential Prognostic Marker for Lower-Grade Gliomas.","authors":"Chen Liu, Hongqi Li, Xiaolong Hu, Maohui Yan, Zhiguang Fu, Hengheng Zhang, Yingjie Wang, Nan Du","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0080","DOIUrl":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between spermine synthase (SMS) expression, tumor occurrence, and prognosis in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 523 LGG patients and 1152 normal brain tissues were included as controls. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to evaluate SMS expression in the LGG group. Functional annotation analysis was conducted to explore the biological processes associated with high SMS expression. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to examine the correlation between SMS expression and immune cell types. The association between SMS expression and clinical and pathological features was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of overexpressing or downregulating SMS on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and key proteins in the protein kinase B (AKT)/epithelialmesenchymal transition signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed a significant upregulation of SMS expression in LGGs compared to normal brain tissues. High SMS expression was associated with certain clinical and pathological features, including older age, astrocytoma, higher World Health Organization grade, poor disease-specific survival, disease progression, non-1p/19q codeletion, and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase. Cox regression analysis identified SMS as a risk factor for overall survival. Bioinformatics analysis showed enrichment of eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages in LGG samples, while proportions of dendritic (DC) cells, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) cells, and CD8+ T cells were decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High SMS expression in LGGs may promote tumor occurrence through cellular proliferation and modulation of immune cell infiltration. These findings suggest the prognostic value of SMS in predicting clinical outcomes for LGG patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":"75-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the Korean Neurotrauma Data Bank System and Report on the Results of the Second Project.","authors":"Ji-Na Kim, Ki Seong Eom","doi":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0156","DOIUrl":"10.3340/jkns.2024.0156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In 2006, the Korean Neurotraumatology Society (KNTS) established the 1st Korean Neurotrauma Data Bank Committee (KNTDBC) and developed the Korean Neurotrauma Data Bank System (KNTDBS). Full-scale registration of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patient data began in September 2010. Since then, KNTS has conducted two trauma-related data registration projects and is now in its 5th term of the KNTDBC. This study aimed to introduce the KNTDBS of the KNTS and report the results of the second project.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between January 2018 and June 2021, 1109 TBI patients were registered from 18 hospitals. The inclusion criteria were 1) patients who visited the hospital with TBI, 2) patients with severe TBI with a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of 8 or lower, and 3) adult patients aged 19 years or older. Exclusion criteria were 1) patients under 18 years of age, 2) patients with a GCS score of 9 or higher, and 3) patients with a history of previous craniotomy or craniectomy. Data from the second project were registered into seven major categories : patient registration, neuroimaging, neuromonitoring, hypothermia, surgical treatment, medical treatment, and patient evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The characteristics of TBI patients in this study were not significantly different from those in previous studies, including the 1st project of KNTS. The GCS had a large number of severe patients with scores of 3 and 4, which was associated with the highest proportion of patients having bilateral pupils with unrecordable responses. Most TBI patients had severe or critical injuries (score 4 or 5) concentrated in the Abbreviated incentive scale head but had minor injuries to other regions of the body. Rotterdam computed tomography scores of 5 and 6 primarily indicated acute subdural hematomas. Surgical treatment was performed in 36.2% of all TBI cases. Most hospitals used levetiracetam and valproate as prophylactic antiepileptic drugs. Neuromonitoring, hypothermia, and coma therapy were not actively performed. The overall mortality rate was 33.3%, and among 740 survivors, 3.9% underwent shunt surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The creation of a database for TBI patient data facilitated the collection of objective and valid information on trauma. Utilizing data from the KNTDBS will significantly aid in the treatment and prevention of TBI and contribute to the improvement of healthcare in the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":16283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society","volume":" ","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}