Journal of Lipids最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Supplementation with <i>n</i>-3 Fatty Acids Extracted from Microalgae on Inflammation Biomarkers from Two Different Strains of Mice.","authors":"L E Gutiérrez-Pliego,&nbsp;B E Martínez-Carrillo,&nbsp;A A Reséndiz-Albor,&nbsp;I M Arciniega-Martínez,&nbsp;J A Escoto-Herrera,&nbsp;C A Rosales-Gómez,&nbsp;R Valdés-Ramos","doi":"10.1155/2018/4765358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4765358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is considered a chronic noncommunicable disease in which inflammation plays a main role in the progression of the disease and it is known that <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties. One of the most recent approaches is the study of the fatty acids of microalgae as a substitute for fish oil and a source rich in fatty acids EPA and DHA.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the effect of supplementation with <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids extracted from microalgae on the inflammatory markers from two different strains of mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mice of two strains, db/db and CD1, were supplemented with <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids extracted from microalgae in lyophilized form and added to food; the experiment was carried out from week 8 to 16 of life. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the percentage of TCD4+ cells producing Th1 and Th2 cytokines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Supplementation with microalgae fatty acids decreased the percentage of TCD4+ cells producing IFN-<i>γ</i> and TNF-<i>α</i> and increased the ones producing IL-17A and IL-12 in both strains; on the other hand, supplementation decreased percentage of TCD4+ cells producing IL-4 and increased the ones producing TGF-<i>β</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Microalgae <i>n-</i>3 fatty acids could be a useful tool in the treatment of diabetes as well as in the prevention of the appearance of health complications caused by inflammatory states.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2018 ","pages":"4765358"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/4765358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36136620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Correlation of Dyslipidemia with the Extent of Coronary Artery Disease in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Moshrik Abd Alamir,&nbsp;Michael Goyfman,&nbsp;Adib Chaus,&nbsp;Firas Dabbous,&nbsp;Leslie Tamura,&nbsp;Veit Sandfort,&nbsp;Alan Brown,&nbsp;Mathew Budoff","doi":"10.1155/2018/5607349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5607349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The extent of coronary artery calcium (CAC) improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction. The association between common dyslipidemias (combined hyperlipidemia, simple hypercholesterolemia, metabolic Syndrome (MetS), isolated low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and isolated hypertriglyceridemia) compared with normolipidemia and the risk of multivessel CAC is underinvestigated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine whether there is an association between common dyslipidemias compared with normolipidemia, and the extent of coronary artery involvement among MESA participants who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional analysis, 4,917 MESA participants were classified into six groups defined by specific LDL-c, HDL-c, or triglyceride cutoff points. Multivessel CAC was defined as involvement of at least 2 coronary arteries. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis evaluated the association of each group with multivessel CAC after adjusting for CVD risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unadjusted analysis showed that all groups except hypertriglyceridemia had statistically significant prevalence ratios of having multivessel CAC as compared to the normolipidemia group. The same groups maintained statistical significance prevalence ratios with multivariate analysis adjusting for other risk factors including Agatston CAC score [combined hyperlipidemia 1.41 (1.06-1.87), hypercholesterolemia 1.55 (1.26-1.92), MetS 1.28 (1.09-1.51), and low HDL-c 1.20 (1.02-1.40)].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combined hyperlipidemia, simple hypercholesterolemia, MetS, and low HDL-c were associated with multivessel coronary artery disease independent of CVD risk factors and CAC score. These findings may lay the groundwork for further analysis of the underlying mechanisms in the observed relationship, as well as for the development of clinical strategies for primary prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2018 ","pages":"5607349"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/5607349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36118039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Outcomes of PCSK9 Inhibitors: With Special Emphasis on Its Effect beyond LDL-Cholesterol Lowering.","authors":"Dhrubajyoti Bandyopadhyay,&nbsp;Kumar Ashish,&nbsp;Adrija Hajra,&nbsp;Arshna Qureshi,&nbsp;Raktim K Ghosh","doi":"10.1155/2018/3179201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3179201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PCSK9 inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, are novel antihypercholesterolemic drugs. FDA first approved them in July 2015. PCSK9 protein (692-amino acids) was discovered in 2003. It plays a major role in LDL receptor degradation and is a prominent modulator in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) metabolism. PCSK9 inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies that target PCSK9 protein in liver and inhibiting this protein leads to drastically lowering harmful LDL-C level in the bloodstream. Despite widespread use of the statin, not all the high-risk patients were able to achieve targeted level of LDL-C. Using PCSK9 inhibitors could lead to a substantial decrement in LDL-C plasma level ranging from 50% to 70%, either as a monotherapy or on top of statins. A large number of trials have shown robust reduction of LDL-C plasma level with the use of PCSK9 inhibitors as a monotherapy or in combination with statins in familial and nonfamilial forms of hypercholesterolemia. Moreover, PCSK9 inhibitors do not appear to increase the risk of hepatic and muscle-related side effects. PCSK9 inhibitors proved to be a highly potent and promising antihypercholesterolemic drug by decreasing LDL-R lysosomal degradation by PCSK9 protein. Statin drugs are known to have some pleiotropic effects. In this article, we are also focusing on the effects of PCSK9 inhibitor beyond LDL-C reduction like endothelial inflammation, atherosclerosis, its safety in patients with diabetes, obesity, and chronic kidney disease, and its influence on neurocognition and stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2018 ","pages":"3179201"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2018-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/3179201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36106366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Quantification of Fatty Acids in <i>T. viridissima</i>, <i>C. biguttulus</i>, and <i>C. brunneus</i> by GC-MS.","authors":"Alexander M Wathne,&nbsp;Hanne Devle,&nbsp;Carl Fredrik Naess-Andresen,&nbsp;Dag Ekeberg","doi":"10.1155/2018/3679247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3679247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fatty acid (FA) profiles of the species <i>Tettigonia viridissima</i>, <i>Chorthippus biguttulus</i>, and <i>Chorthippus brunneus</i> were determined and quantitated. Extracted lipids were derivatized into FA methyl esters (FAMEs) prior to analysis by GC-MS. A total of 37 different FAs were identified in <i>T. viridissima</i>, yielding a total FA content of 10.4 g/100 g of dry matter. The contents of saturated FAs, monounsaturated FAs, and polyunsaturated FAs were 31.1, 35.9, and 33.0%, respectively. Lipids from <i>T. viridissima</i> were also fractioned into neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and polar lipids by offline solid phase extraction. For <i>C. brunneus</i> and <i>C. biguttulus</i>, 33 FAs were identified, yielding a total FA content of 6.14 g/100 g of dry matter. SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs, respectively, constituted 32.7, 25.1, and 42.1% of the total FA content. The contents of MUFAs, PUFAs, <i>n</i>-3 FAs, and <i>n</i>-6 FAs of each species, and the <i>n</i>-6/<i>n</i>-3 ratio, were subsequently discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2018 ","pages":"3679247"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/3679247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36034297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realm of Thermoalkaline Lipases in Bioprocess Commodities.","authors":"Ahmad Firdaus B Lajis","doi":"10.1155/2018/5659683","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/5659683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For decades, microbial lipases are notably used as biocatalysts and efficiently catalyze various processes in many important industries. Biocatalysts are less corrosive to industrial equipment and due to their substrate specificity and regioselectivity they produced less harmful waste which promotes environmental sustainability. At present, thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases have gained enormous interest as biocatalyst due to their stability and robustness under high temperature and alkaline environment operation. Several characteristics of the thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases are discussed. Their molecular weight and resistance towards a range of temperature, pH, metal, and surfactants are compared. Their industrial applications in biodiesel, biodetergents, biodegreasing, and other types of bioconversions are also described. This review also discusses the advance of fermentation process for thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases production focusing on the process development in microorganism selection and strain improvement, culture medium optimization via several optimization techniques (i.e., one-factor-at-a-time, surface response methodology, and artificial neural network), and other fermentation parameters (i.e., inoculums size, temperature, pH, agitation rate, dissolved oxygen tension (DOT), and aeration rate). Two common fermentation techniques for thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases production which are solid-state and submerged fermentation methods are compared and discussed. Recent optimization approaches using evolutionary algorithms (i.e., Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution, and Particle Swarm Optimization) are also highlighted in this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2018 ","pages":"5659683"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2018-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5832097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36019969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Oil Content and Fatty Acids Profile of Western Schley, Wichita, and Native Pecan Nuts Cultured in Chihuahua, Mexico.","authors":"L R Rivera-Rangel, K I Aguilera-Campos, A García-Triana, J G Ayala-Soto, D Chavez-Flores, L Hernández-Ochoa","doi":"10.1155/2018/4781345","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/4781345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two different extraction processes, Soxhlet and ultrasound, were used to obtain the oil extracts of Western Schley, Wichita, and Native pecan nuts cultured in Chihuahua, Mexico. The aspects evaluated in this study were the extraction yield of the processes and fatty acids' profile of the resulting extracts. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify and determine the composition percentage of fatty acids present in pecan nuts oils extracted. The results obtained show that higher oil extraction yields were obtained by Soxhlet method with hexane (69.90%) in Wichita varieties. Wichita, Western Schley, and Native pecan nuts from Chihuahua are rich in PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids) and have low levels of SFA (saturated fatty acids). The predominant fatty acid present in all pecan nuts oils was linoleic acid followed by oleic acid. Myristic acid, palmitic acid, and linolenic acid were also identified in representative quantities. The results from this study suggest that there are statistically significant differences in the chemical composition of the pecan nuts oils extracted from the varieties cultured in Chihuahua, Mexico, and those cultivated in other regions of the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2018 ","pages":"4781345"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5827884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35972378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceramide and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.","authors":"Xingxuan He,&nbsp;Edward H Schuchman","doi":"10.1155/2018/3646725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3646725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ceramide, a bioactive membrane sphingolipid, functions as an important second messenger in apoptosis and cell signaling. In response to stresses, it may be generated by de novo synthesis, sphingomyelin hydrolysis, and/or recycling of complex sphingolipids. It is cleared from cells through the activity of ceramidases, phosphorylation to ceramide-1-phosphate, or resynthesis into more complex sphingolipids. Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury occurs when oxygen/nutrition is rapidly reintroduced into ischemic tissue, resulting in cell death and tissue damage, and is a major concern in diverse clinical settings, including organ resection and transplantation. Numerous reports show that ceramide levels are markedly elevated during IR. Mitochondria are major sites of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and play a key role in IR-induced and ceramide-mediated cell death and tissue damage. During the development of IR injury, the initial response of ROS and TNF-alpha production activates two major ceramide generating pathways (sphingomyelin hydrolysis and de novo ceramide synthesis). The increased ceramide has broad effects depending on the IR phases, including both pro- and antiapoptotic effects. Therefore, strategies that reduce the levels of ceramide, for example, by modulation of ceramidase and/or sphingomyelinases activities, may represent novel and promising therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat IR injury in diverse clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2018 ","pages":"3646725"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/3646725","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35971315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apolipoproteins A-I, B, and C-III and Obesity in Young Adult Cherokee.","authors":"Wenyu Wang,&nbsp;Piers Blackett,&nbsp;Sohail Khan,&nbsp;Elisa Lee","doi":"10.1155/2017/8236325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8236325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since young adult Cherokee are at increased risk for both diabetes and cardiovascular disease, we assessed association of apolipoproteins (A-I, B, and C-III in non-HDL and HDL) with obesity and related risk factors. Obese participants (BMI ≥ 30) aged 20-40 years (<i>n</i> = 476) were studied. Metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals were defined as not having any of four components of the ATP-III metabolic syndrome after exclusion of waist circumference, and obese participants not being MHO were defined as metabolically abnormal obese (MAO). Associations were evaluated by correlation and regression modeling. Obesity measures, blood pressure, insulin resistance, lipids, and apolipoproteins were significantly different between groups except for total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-apoC-III. Apolipoproteins were not correlated with obesity measures with the exception of apoA-I with waist and the waist : height ratio. In a logistic regression model apoA-I and the apoB : apoA-I ratio were significantly selected for identifying those being MHO, and the result (<i>C</i>-statistic = 0.902) indicated that apoA-I and the apoB : apoA-I ratio can be used to identify a subgroup of obese individuals with a significantly less atherogenic lipid and apolipoprotein profile, particularly in obese Cherokee men in whom MHO is more likely.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2017 ","pages":"8236325"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/8236325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34969010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Oxidized Linoleic Acid Modulates Plasma Lipids beyond Triglycerides Metabolism.","authors":"Mahdi Garelnabi, Gregory Ainsworth, Halleh Mahini, Naseeha Jamil, Chinedu Ochin","doi":"10.1155/2017/1645828","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2017/1645828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Triglyceride (TG) is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. Previous work has shown that short-term supplementations of mouse chow with oxidized linoleic acid (OxLA) significantly reduce the level of plasma triglycerides.</p><p><strong>Study objective: </strong>This study aims to determine the effects of longer-term supplementation of mouse chow with various concentrations of oxidized linoleic acid (OxLA) on plasma triglycerides.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>The study consisted of forty C57BL/6 wildtype mice divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 10). Two groups were kept as controls. One control group (P) was fed plain chow and the second control group (C) was fed chow supplemented with linoleic acid. The other two experimental groups (A) and (B) were fed oxidized linoleic acid supplemented chow in the following doses: 9 mg/day of oxidized linoleic acid and 18 mg/day of oxidized linoleic acid/mouse.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>Mice that were on a diet supplemented with the higher dose of oxidized linoleic acid showed a 39% decrease in hepatic PPAR-<i>α</i> and a significant decrease in the plasma HDL levels compared to the mice that were fed diets of plain and linoleic acid supplemented chow. Interestingly, the longer-term consumption of oxidized linoleic acid may predispose to atheropathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2017 ","pages":"1645828"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5727721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35723025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Calculated, and Measured Lipoproteins: Whether Calculated Small Density Lipoprotein Fraction Predicts Cardiovascular Risks.","authors":"Sikandar Hayat Khan,&nbsp;Nadeem Fazal,&nbsp;Athar Abbas Gilani Shah,&nbsp;Syed Mohsin Manzoor,&nbsp;Naveed Asif,&nbsp;Aamir Ijaz,&nbsp;Najmusaqib Khan Niazi,&nbsp;Muhammad Yasir","doi":"10.1155/2017/7967380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7967380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent literature in lipidology has identified LDL-fractions to be more atherogenic. In this regard, small density LDL-cholesterol (sdLDLc) has been considered to possess more atherogenicity than other LDL-fractions like large buoyant LDL-cholesterol (lbLDLc). Recently, Srisawasdi et al. have developed a method for calculating sdLDLc and lbLDLc based upon a regression equation. Using that in developing world may provide us with a valuable tool for ASCVD risk prediction.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>(1) To correlate directly measured and calculated lipid indices with insulin resistance, UACR, glycated hemoglobin, anthropometric indices, and blood pressure. (2) To evaluate these lipid parameters in subjects with or without metabolic syndrome, nephropathy, and hypertension and among various groups based upon glycated hemoglobin results.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study<i>. Place and Duration of Study</i>. From Jan 2016 to 15 April 2017.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Finally enrolled subjects (male: 110, female: 122) were evaluated for differences in various lipid parameters, including measured LDL-cholesterol (mLDLc), HDLc and calculated LDL-cholesterol (cLDLc), non-HDLc, sdLDLC, lbLDLC, and their ratio among subjects with or without metabolic syndrome, nephropathy, glycation index, anthropometric indices, and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant but weak correlation was mainly observed between anthropometric indices, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and nephropathy for non-HDLc, sdLDLc, and sdLDLc/lbLDLc. Generally lipid indices were higher among subjects with metabolic syndrome [{sdLDLc: 0.92 + 0.33 versus 0.70 + 0.29 (<i>p</i> < 0.001)}, {sdLDLc/lbLDLc: 0.55 + 0.51 versus 0.40 + 0.38 (<i>p</i> = 0.010)}, {non-HDLc: 3,63 + 0.60 versus 3.36 + 0.65 (<i>p</i> = 0.002)}]. The fact that the sdLDLc levels provided were insignificant in Kruskall Wallis Test indicated a sharp increase in subjects with HbA1c > 7.0%. Subjects having nephropathy (UACR > 2.4 mg/g) had higher concentration of non-HDLc levels in comparison to sdLDLc [{non-HDLc: 3.68 + 0.59 versus 3.36 + 0.43} (<i>p</i> = 0.007), {sdLDLc: 0.83 + 0.27 versus 0.75 + 0.35 (<i>p</i> = NS)}].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lipid markers including cLDLc and mLDLc are less associated with traditional ASCVD markers than non-HDLc, sdLDLc, and sdLDLc/lbLDLc in predicting metabolic syndrome, nephropathy, glycation status, and hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2017 ","pages":"7967380"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/7967380","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35723026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}