Journal of Lipids最新文献

{"title":"Apolipoproteins A-I, B, and C-III and Obesity in Young Adult Cherokee.","authors":"Wenyu Wang,&nbsp;Piers Blackett,&nbsp;Sohail Khan,&nbsp;Elisa Lee","doi":"10.1155/2017/8236325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8236325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since young adult Cherokee are at increased risk for both diabetes and cardiovascular disease, we assessed association of apolipoproteins (A-I, B, and C-III in non-HDL and HDL) with obesity and related risk factors. Obese participants (BMI ≥ 30) aged 20-40 years (<i>n</i> = 476) were studied. Metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals were defined as not having any of four components of the ATP-III metabolic syndrome after exclusion of waist circumference, and obese participants not being MHO were defined as metabolically abnormal obese (MAO). Associations were evaluated by correlation and regression modeling. Obesity measures, blood pressure, insulin resistance, lipids, and apolipoproteins were significantly different between groups except for total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-apoC-III. Apolipoproteins were not correlated with obesity measures with the exception of apoA-I with waist and the waist : height ratio. In a logistic regression model apoA-I and the apoB : apoA-I ratio were significantly selected for identifying those being MHO, and the result (<i>C</i>-statistic = 0.902) indicated that apoA-I and the apoB : apoA-I ratio can be used to identify a subgroup of obese individuals with a significantly less atherogenic lipid and apolipoprotein profile, particularly in obese Cherokee men in whom MHO is more likely.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2017 ","pages":"8236325"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/8236325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34969010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Oxidized Linoleic Acid Modulates Plasma Lipids beyond Triglycerides Metabolism.","authors":"Mahdi Garelnabi, Gregory Ainsworth, Halleh Mahini, Naseeha Jamil, Chinedu Ochin","doi":"10.1155/2017/1645828","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2017/1645828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Triglyceride (TG) is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. Previous work has shown that short-term supplementations of mouse chow with oxidized linoleic acid (OxLA) significantly reduce the level of plasma triglycerides.</p><p><strong>Study objective: </strong>This study aims to determine the effects of longer-term supplementation of mouse chow with various concentrations of oxidized linoleic acid (OxLA) on plasma triglycerides.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>The study consisted of forty C57BL/6 wildtype mice divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 10). Two groups were kept as controls. One control group (P) was fed plain chow and the second control group (C) was fed chow supplemented with linoleic acid. The other two experimental groups (A) and (B) were fed oxidized linoleic acid supplemented chow in the following doses: 9 mg/day of oxidized linoleic acid and 18 mg/day of oxidized linoleic acid/mouse.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>Mice that were on a diet supplemented with the higher dose of oxidized linoleic acid showed a 39% decrease in hepatic PPAR-<i>α</i> and a significant decrease in the plasma HDL levels compared to the mice that were fed diets of plain and linoleic acid supplemented chow. Interestingly, the longer-term consumption of oxidized linoleic acid may predispose to atheropathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2017 ","pages":"1645828"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5727721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35723025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Calculated, and Measured Lipoproteins: Whether Calculated Small Density Lipoprotein Fraction Predicts Cardiovascular Risks.","authors":"Sikandar Hayat Khan,&nbsp;Nadeem Fazal,&nbsp;Athar Abbas Gilani Shah,&nbsp;Syed Mohsin Manzoor,&nbsp;Naveed Asif,&nbsp;Aamir Ijaz,&nbsp;Najmusaqib Khan Niazi,&nbsp;Muhammad Yasir","doi":"10.1155/2017/7967380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7967380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent literature in lipidology has identified LDL-fractions to be more atherogenic. In this regard, small density LDL-cholesterol (sdLDLc) has been considered to possess more atherogenicity than other LDL-fractions like large buoyant LDL-cholesterol (lbLDLc). Recently, Srisawasdi et al. have developed a method for calculating sdLDLc and lbLDLc based upon a regression equation. Using that in developing world may provide us with a valuable tool for ASCVD risk prediction.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>(1) To correlate directly measured and calculated lipid indices with insulin resistance, UACR, glycated hemoglobin, anthropometric indices, and blood pressure. (2) To evaluate these lipid parameters in subjects with or without metabolic syndrome, nephropathy, and hypertension and among various groups based upon glycated hemoglobin results.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study<i>. Place and Duration of Study</i>. From Jan 2016 to 15 April 2017.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Finally enrolled subjects (male: 110, female: 122) were evaluated for differences in various lipid parameters, including measured LDL-cholesterol (mLDLc), HDLc and calculated LDL-cholesterol (cLDLc), non-HDLc, sdLDLC, lbLDLC, and their ratio among subjects with or without metabolic syndrome, nephropathy, glycation index, anthropometric indices, and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant but weak correlation was mainly observed between anthropometric indices, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and nephropathy for non-HDLc, sdLDLc, and sdLDLc/lbLDLc. Generally lipid indices were higher among subjects with metabolic syndrome [{sdLDLc: 0.92 + 0.33 versus 0.70 + 0.29 (<i>p</i> < 0.001)}, {sdLDLc/lbLDLc: 0.55 + 0.51 versus 0.40 + 0.38 (<i>p</i> = 0.010)}, {non-HDLc: 3,63 + 0.60 versus 3.36 + 0.65 (<i>p</i> = 0.002)}]. The fact that the sdLDLc levels provided were insignificant in Kruskall Wallis Test indicated a sharp increase in subjects with HbA1c > 7.0%. Subjects having nephropathy (UACR > 2.4 mg/g) had higher concentration of non-HDLc levels in comparison to sdLDLc [{non-HDLc: 3.68 + 0.59 versus 3.36 + 0.43} (<i>p</i> = 0.007), {sdLDLc: 0.83 + 0.27 versus 0.75 + 0.35 (<i>p</i> = NS)}].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lipid markers including cLDLc and mLDLc are less associated with traditional ASCVD markers than non-HDLc, sdLDLc, and sdLDLc/lbLDLc in predicting metabolic syndrome, nephropathy, glycation status, and hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2017 ","pages":"7967380"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/7967380","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35723026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Omega-3/6 Fatty Acids Have a Therapeutic Role in Children and Young People with ADHD?","authors":"E Derbyshire","doi":"10.1155/2017/6285218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6285218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a debilitating behavioural disorder affecting daily ability to function, learn, and interact with peers. This publication assesses the role of omega-3/6 fatty acids in the treatment and management of ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of 16 randomised controlled trials was undertaken. Trials included a total of 1,514 children and young people with ADHD who were allocated to take an omega-3/6 intervention, or a placebo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the studies identified, 13 reported favourable benefits on ADHD symptoms including improvements in hyperactivity, impulsivity, attention, visual learning, word reading, and working/short-term memory. Four studies used supplements containing a 9 : 3 : 1 ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid : docosahexaenoic acid : gamma linolenic acid which appeared effective at improving erythrocyte levels. Supplementation with this ratio of fatty acids also showed promise as an adjunctive therapy to traditional medications, lowering the dose and improving the compliance with medications such as methylphenidate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ADHD is a frequent and debilitating childhood condition. Given disparaging feelings towards psychostimulant medications, omega-3/6 fatty acids offer great promise as a suitable adjunctive therapy for ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2017 ","pages":"6285218"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/6285218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35391381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erythrocyte Omega-3 Fatty Acid Content in Elite Athletes in Response to Omega-3 Supplementation: A Dose-Response Pilot Study.","authors":"Franchek Drobnic,&nbsp;Félix Rueda,&nbsp;Victoria Pons,&nbsp;Montserrat Banquells,&nbsp;Begoña Cordobilla,&nbsp;Joan Carles Domingo","doi":"10.1155/2017/1472719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1472719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Supplementation of Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3FA) in athletes is related to the anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidant effect and consequently its action on all the processes of tissue restoration and adaptation to physical stress.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate the Omega-3 Index (O3Ix) response, in red blood cells, to supplemental EPA + DHA intake in the form of high purity and stable composition gums (G), in elite summer athletes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-four summer sport athletes of both sexes, pertaining to the Olympic Training Center in Spain, were randomized to two groups (2G = 760 or 3G = 1140 mg of n-3 FA in Omegafort OKids, Ferrer Intl.) for 4 months. Five athletes and four training staff volunteers were control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The O3Ix was lower than 8% in 93.1% of all the athletes. The supplementation worked in a dose-dependent manner: 144% for the 3G dose and 135% for the 2G, both <i>p</i> < 0.001, with a 3% significant decrease of Omega-6 FAs. No changes were observed for the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Supplementation with n-3FA increases the content of EPA DHA in the red blood cells at 4 months in a dose-dependent manner. Athletes with lower basal O3Ix were more prone to increment their levels. The study is registered with Protocol Registration and Results System (ClinicalTrials.gov) number NCT02610270.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2017 ","pages":"1472719"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/1472719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35125448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidation of the Role of Lectin-Like oxLDL Receptor-1 in the Metabolic Responses of Macrophages to Human oxLDL.","authors":"Danielle W Kimmel,&nbsp;William P Dole,&nbsp;David E Cliffel","doi":"10.1155/2017/8479482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8479482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherogenesis is the narrowing of arteries due to plaque build-up that results in cardiovascular disease that can lead to death. The macrophage lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), also called the oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1), is currently thought to aid in atherosclerotic disease progression; therefore metabolic studies have potential to both provide mechanistic validation for the role of LOX-1 in disease progression and provide valuable information regarding biomarker strategies and clinical imaging. One such mechanistic study is the upregulation of LOX-1 by methylated bacterial DNA and deoxy-cytidylate-phosphate-deoxy-guanylate-DNA (CpG)-DNA exposure. CpG-DNA is known to promote oxidative burst responses in macrophages, due to its direct binding to toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) leading to the initiation of an NF-<i>κ</i>B mediated immune response. In addition to the upregulation of macrophage LOX-1 expression, these studies have also examined the macrophage metabolic response to murine LOX-1/OLR1 antibody exposure. Our data suggests the antibody exposure effectively blocks LOX-1 dependent oxLDL metabolic activation of the macrophage, which was quantified using the multianalyte microphysiometer (MAMP). Using the MAMP to examine metabolic fluctuations during various types of oxLDL exposure, LOX-1 upregulation and inhibition provide valuable information regarding the role of LOX-1 in macrophage activation of oxidative burst.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2017 ","pages":"8479482"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/8479482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35114799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence on Adiposity and Atherogenic Lipaemia of Fatty Meals and Snacks in Daily Life.","authors":"Antonio Laguna-Camacho","doi":"10.1155/2017/1375342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1375342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present work reviewed the connections of changes in consumption of high-fat food with changes in adiposity and lipaemia in adults with overweight or obesity. Hyperlipaemia from higher fat meals and excessive adiposity contributes to atherogenic process. Low-fat diet interventions decrease body fat, lipaemia, and atherosclerosis markers. Inaccuracy of physical estimates of dietary fat intake remains, however, a limit to establishing causal connections. To fill this gap, tracking fat-rich eating episodes at short intervals quantifies the behavioural frequency suggested to measure (by regression of changes in real time) direct effects of this eating pattern on adiposity and atherogenic lipaemia. Such evidence will provide the basis for an approach focused on a sustained decrease in frequency of fatty meals or snacks to reduce obesity, hyperlipaemia, and atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2017 ","pages":"1375342"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/1375342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35169968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty Acid Profiles of Stipe and Blade from the Norwegian Brown Macroalgae <i>Laminaria hyperborea</i> with Special Reference to Acyl Glycerides, Polar Lipids, and Free Fatty Acids.","authors":"Lena Foseid,&nbsp;Hanne Devle,&nbsp;Yngve Stenstrøm,&nbsp;Carl Fredrik Naess-Andresen,&nbsp;Dag Ekeberg","doi":"10.1155/2017/1029702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1029702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A thorough analysis of the fatty acid profiles of stipe and blade from the kelp species <i>Laminaria hyperborea</i> is presented. Lipid extracts were fractionated into neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and polar lipids, prior to derivatization and GC-MS analysis. A total of 42 fatty acids were identified and quantified, including the <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids <i>α</i>-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. The fatty acid amounts are higher in blade than in stipe (7.42 mg/g dry weight and 2.57 mg/g dry weight, resp.). The highest amounts of <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids are found within the neutral lipid fractions with 590.6 ug/g dry weight and 100.9 ug/g dry weight for blade and stipe, respectively. The amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids are 3.4 times higher in blade than stipe. The blade had the highest PUFA/SFA ratio compared to stipe (1.02 versus 0.76) and the lowest <i>n</i>-6/<i>n</i>-3 ratio (0.8 versus 3.5). This study highlights the compositional differences between the lipid fractions of stipe and blade from <i>L. hyperborea</i>. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to saturated- and monounsaturated fatty acids is known to influence human health. In the pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries, this can be of importance for production of different health products.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2017 ","pages":"1029702"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/1029702","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35172650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industrial <i>Trans</i> Fatty Acid and Serum Cholesterol: The Allowable Dietary Level.","authors":"Hiroyuki Takeuchi, Michihiro Sugano","doi":"10.1155/2017/9751756","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2017/9751756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Trans</i> fatty acid (TFA) from partially hydrogenated oil is regarded as the worst dietary fatty acid per gram due to its role in coronary heart disease. TFA consumption is decreasing worldwide, but some but not all observational studies indicate that TFA intake has little relevance to serum cholesterol levels in populations with low TFA intake (<1% <i>E</i> [percentage of total energy intake], <approximately 2 g/day). Few intervention trials examined the effect of TFAs on blood cholesterol at relatively low levels (<2% <i>E</i>); no definite evidence is available on the tolerable upper level of the intake. A series of our intervention studies in Japanese suggested that an industrial TFA intake at <1% <i>E</i> does not influence the serum cholesterol level. To establish allowable level, we must consider not only the dietary level of TFAs, but also the composition of dietary fats simultaneously consumed, that is, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acids strengthen or counteract the adverse effect of TFAs on serum cholesterol levels. In this review we describe the complex situation of the cardiovascular effects of industrial TFAs. The relationship between dietary industrial TFAs and concentration of plasma cholesterol should be evaluated from the viewpoint of dietary patterns rather than TFAs alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2017 ","pages":"9751756"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5603143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35391382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Free Fatty Acids from Hydrolyzed Virgin Coconut Oil Using Lipase from <i>Candida rugosa</i>.","authors":"Van Thi Ai Nguyen,&nbsp;Truong Dang Le,&nbsp;Hoa Ngoc Phan,&nbsp;Lam Bich Tran","doi":"10.1155/2017/7170162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7170162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Free fatty acids (FFAs) were obtained from hydrolyzed virgin coconut oil (VCO) by <i>Candida rugosa</i> lipase (CRL). Four factors' influence on hydrolysis degree (HD) was examined. The best hydrolysis conditions in order to get the highest HD value were determined at VCO to buffer ratio 1 : 5 (w/w), CRL concentration 1.5% (w/w oil), pH 7, and temperature 40°C. After 16 hours' reaction, the HD value achieved 79.64%. FFAs and residual hydrolyzed virgin coconut oil (HVCO) were isolated from the hydrolysis products. They were tested for their antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, which can be found in contaminated food and cause food poisoning. FFAs showed their inhibition against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (ATCC 11774), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ATCC 25922), <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> (ATCC 13076), and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (ATCC 25923) at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50%, 60%, 20%, and 40%, respectively. However, VCO and HVCO did not show their antibacterial activity against these tested bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2017 ","pages":"7170162"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/7170162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35672881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}