Hugo Nodarse-Cuni, Odalys Bravo, Roberto Cañete, Dania Vázquez-Blomquist, Diogenes Quintana, Ana Aguilera-Barreto, Gerardo Guillen-Nieto, Amaylid Arteaga, Ileana Morales
{"title":"Pharmacodynamic of Recombinant Human Interferon Alpha-2b Nasal Drops and Effective Prophylaxis Against SARS-COV-2 Infection.","authors":"Hugo Nodarse-Cuni, Odalys Bravo, Roberto Cañete, Dania Vázquez-Blomquist, Diogenes Quintana, Ana Aguilera-Barreto, Gerardo Guillen-Nieto, Amaylid Arteaga, Ileana Morales","doi":"10.1089/jir.2023.0193","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jir.2023.0193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recombinant human interferon alpha-2b (IFN-α2b) nasal drop formulation (Nasalferon) was studied as prophylaxis for SARS-CoV-2. Healthy volunteers between 19 and 80 years of age received 0.5 million international units of IFN in one drop (0.05 mL ) in each nostril, twice a day, for 10 consecutive days. The nondetection of SARS-CoV-2 by real-time polymerase chain reaction was the primary outcome variable. Several IFN-α biomarkers, including intranasal gene expression and innate immune effector activity, were increased in participants who received intranasal IFN-α2b. The study included 2,930 international travelers and 5,728 persons who were their close contacts. The subjects were treated with Nasalferon in January 2021, and 9,162 untreated travelers were included as controls. COVID-19 rate in treated subjects was significantly lower than in untreated subjects (0.05% vs. 4.84%). The proportion of travelers with COVID-19 decreased from 60.9% to 2.2% between December 2020 and February 2021. Furthermore, 1,719 tourism workers also received Nasalferon, and no cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected, whereas 39 COVID-19 cases (10.6%) were reported in 367 untreated subjects. The main adverse events associated with the use of intranasal IFN-α2b were nasal congestion, headache, and rhinorrhea. Our prophylactic health interventions study demonstrates that the daily administration of Nasalferon for 10 days decreases the risk of developing COVID-19 in healthy volunteers. [Figure: see text].</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":" ","pages":"271-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Carlos Ayala-García, Margarita Bahena-Román, Cinthya Estefhany Díaz-Benítez, Víctor Hugo Bermúdez-Morales, Miguel Cruz, Alfredo Lagunas-Martínez, Ana Isabel Burguete-García
{"title":"Association between Gut Microbiota and Inflammation: Mediation Analysis Using Waist Circumference.","authors":"Juan Carlos Ayala-García, Margarita Bahena-Román, Cinthya Estefhany Díaz-Benítez, Víctor Hugo Bermúdez-Morales, Miguel Cruz, Alfredo Lagunas-Martínez, Ana Isabel Burguete-García","doi":"10.1089/jir.2024.0020","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jir.2024.0020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic low-grade inflammation (CLI) is implicated in the development of multiple metabolic diseases. The gut microbiota (GM) activates different signaling pathways and induces phenotypic changes, offering an exciting opportunity to treat CLI. We evaluated the mediation of waist circumference on the association of GM with serum cytokines. In this cross-sectional study of 331 children, we measured 5 gut bacterial species, namely, <i>Lactobacillus</i> (<i>L</i>.) <i>casei</i>, <i>L</i>. <i>paracasei</i>, <i>L. reuteri</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i> (<i>S</i>.) <i>aureus</i>, and <i>Akkermansia</i> (<i>A</i>.) <i>muciniphila</i>, as well as anthropometry, serum cytokines, and other covariates. We evaluated adjusted regression models, path analysis, and structural equation modeling to obtain path coefficients (PCs) for direct, indirect (waist circumference-mediated), and total effects. We found that <i>L. paracasei</i> was directly associated with lower interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels (PC = -173.5 pg/mL). We also observed indirect associations between <i>S. aureus</i> with lower adiponectin levels (PC = -0.1 µg/mL and -0.09 µg/mL). Finally, <i>A. muciniphila</i> was indirectly associated with higher adiponectin levels (PC = 0.1 µg/mL). Our findings suggest the importance of considering the GM composition and waist circumference when evaluating inflammatory-related factors, providing a basis for future research to identify potential strategies to intervene in inflammatory processes and prevent metabolic diseases in childhood. [Figure: see text].</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":" ","pages":"281-289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140184640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Different Inflammatory Cytokines on Hepatitis C Virus Infection.","authors":"Noha G Bader El Din, Sally Farouk","doi":"10.1089/jir.2024.0003","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jir.2024.0003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health concern affecting millions worldwide. Chronic HCV infection often leads to liver inflammation and can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Inflammatory cytokines are crucial in modulating the immune response during HCV infection. This review aims to investigate the impact of different inflammatory cytokines on HCV infection and associated immune responses. This review was conducted to identify relevant studies on the interplay between inflammatory cytokines and HCV infection. The analysis focused on the effects of key inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), on HCV replication, immune cell activation, and liver inflammation. The findings reveal that these inflammatory cytokines can significantly influence HCV infection and the subsequent immune response. TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 have been shown to enhance HCV replication, while IFN-γ exerts antiviral effects by inhibiting viral replication and promoting immune cell-mediated clearance of infected hepatocytes. Moreover, these cytokines contribute to the recruitment and activation of immune cells, such as natural killer cells, T cells, and macrophages, which play critical roles in controlling HCV infection. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which inflammatory cytokines impact HCV infection is crucial for developing more targeted therapeutic strategies. Modulating the levels or activity of specific cytokines may provide opportunities to attenuate HCV replication, reduce liver inflammation, and improve treatment outcomes. In conclusion, this review highlights the significance of inflammatory cytokines in influencing HCV infection and associated immune responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":" ","pages":"233-243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Clara Pinheiro Duarte Sampaio, Renata Virgínia Cavalcanti Santos, Amanda Pinheiro de Barros Albuquerque, Ana Karine de Araújo Soares, Marina Ferraz Cordeiro, Michelle Melgarejo da Rosa, Michelly Cristiny Pereira, Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta, Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rêgo
{"title":"Induction of SK-MEL-28 Invasion by Brain Cortical Cell-Conditioned Medium Through CXCL10 Signaling.","authors":"Maria Clara Pinheiro Duarte Sampaio, Renata Virgínia Cavalcanti Santos, Amanda Pinheiro de Barros Albuquerque, Ana Karine de Araújo Soares, Marina Ferraz Cordeiro, Michelle Melgarejo da Rosa, Michelly Cristiny Pereira, Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta, Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rêgo","doi":"10.1089/jir.2023.0158","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jir.2023.0158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melanoma, an infrequent yet significant variant of skin cancer, emerges as a primary cause of brain metastasis among various malignancies. Despite recognizing the involvement of inflammatory molecules, particularly chemokines, in shaping the metastatic microenvironment, the intricate cellular signaling mechanisms underlying cerebral metastasis remain elusive. In our pursuit to unravel the role of cytokines in melanoma metastasis, we devised a protocol utilizing mixed cerebral cortical cells and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cell lines. Contrary to expectations, we observed no discernible morphological change in melanoma cells exposed to a cerebral conditioned medium (CM). However, a substantial increase in both migration and proliferation was quantitatively noted. Profiling the chemokine secretion by melanoma in response to the cerebral CM unveiled the pivotal role of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (CXCL10), inhibiting the secretion of interleukin 8 (CXCL8). Furthermore, through a transwell assay, we demonstrated that knockdown CXCL10 led to a significant decrease in the migration of the SK-MEL-28 cell line. In conclusion, our findings suggest that a cerebral CM induces melanoma cell migration, while modulating the secretion of CXCL10 and CXCL8 in the context of brain metastases. These insights advance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms in melanoma cerebral metastasis, paving the way for further exploration and targeted therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":" ","pages":"198-207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140175024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular and Structural Insights into Buffalo Interleukin-17A.","authors":"Savita Budania, Surinder Kumar Kadian, Karuppiah Kanagarajadurai, Vikas Yadav, Aman Kumar, Akhil Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.1089/jir.2023.0228","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jir.2023.0228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interleukin-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the immune response to many pathogens and implicated in autoimmune diseases. This molecule is also involved in providing protection to many bacterial and fungal infections of gastro-intestinal tract and respiratory mucosa. Although molecular aspect of IL-17A has been studied in few species, no data are available for buffalo, which is one of the major sources of milk production in India. Therefore, in the present study, IL-17A gene of Indian Murrah Buffalo origin was cloned, expressed, and analyzed using bioinformatic tools. The coding sequence of buffalo IL-17A gene was cloned in prokaryotic expression vector (pET-28a) followed by its expression, purification, and characterization. A computational analysis was performed to understand the sequence, structure, and evolutionary relationship of buIL-17A. It revealed that the length of buIL-17A sequence without signal peptide is 132 amino acids as in cattle. However, sequence identity is found to be 99% due to one amino substitution difference between buffalo and cattle. After analysis, it can be concluded that buIL-17A recombinant protein can be used as a potential immunobiological reagent for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose.</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":" ","pages":"221-231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mera Khalil, Ekram M Desouky, Amal K Khaliefa, Walaa G Hozyen, Saeed S Mohamed, Nabil A Hasona
{"title":"Insights into the Crosstalk Between miR-200a/lncRNA H-19 and IL-6/SIRT-1 Axis in Breast Cancer.","authors":"Mera Khalil, Ekram M Desouky, Amal K Khaliefa, Walaa G Hozyen, Saeed S Mohamed, Nabil A Hasona","doi":"10.1089/jir.2023.0216","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jir.2023.0216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer (BC) is a highly prevalent malignancy that poses a significant threat to women's well-being. Novel biomarker identification helps to improve clinical outcomes and provide tailored treatments. Our research aims to explore the diagnostic potential of miR-200a/lncRNA H-19 and interleukin-6 (IL-6)/SIRT-1 axis crosstalk and evaluate the impact of metastasis on gene expression, which provides valuable insights into the diagnosis and treatment of BC. In this case-control study, we collected blood samples from 54 nonmetastatic breast cancer (NMBC) patients, 46 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients, and 50 healthy individuals. We used real time-polymerase chain reaction to measure the expression levels of lncRNA H-19 and miR-200a, whereas enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the IL-6 levels. In addition, we evaluated SIRT-1 expression level using a Western blot assay. The levels of lncRNA H-19, miR-200a, and IL-6 were higher in BC patients, whereas SIRT-1 levels were lower. Patients with MBC had higher levels of lncRNA H-19, miR-200a, and IL-6 than those with NMBC. In addition, the expression of lncRNA H-19 and miR-200a showed a negative correlation with SIRT-1 expression, whereas the levels of lncRNA H-19 and miR-200a showed a positive correlation with IL-6 expression level. The diagnostic potential of lncRNA H-19 and miR-200a in BC is undeniable. Moreover, the robust association of IL-6/SIRT-1 with lncRNA H-19/miR-200a expression presents a promising opportunity for clinical outcomes and tailored treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":" ","pages":"191-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140101781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tongfu Lifei Decoction Attenuated Sepsis-Related Intestinal Mucosal Injury Through Regulating Th17/Treg Balance and Modulating Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Huizhen Chen, Zhenfei Yu, Zeming Qi, Xiaozhe Huang, Jianting Gao","doi":"10.1089/jir.2024.0001","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jir.2024.0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intestinal damage and secondary bacterial translocation are caused by the inflammatory response induced by sepsis. Tongfu Lifei (TLF) decoction has a protective effect on sepsis-related gastrointestinal function injury. However, the relation between gut microbiota, immune barrier, and sepsis under the treatment of TLF have not been well clarified yet. Here, rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to create a sepsis model. Subsequently, the TLF decoction was given to CLP rats by gavage, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and antibiotic were used as positive control. TLF suppressed the inflammatory response and improved the pathological changes in the intestines of CLP rats. Besides, TLF promoted the balance of the percentage of the Th17 and Treg cells. Intestinal barrier function was also improved by TLF through enhancing ZO-1, and Occludin and Claudin 1 expression, preventing the secondary translocation of other gut microbiota. TLF dramatically boosted the gut microbiota's alpha- and beta-diversity in CLP rats. Moreover, it increased the relative abundance of anti-inflammatory gut microbiota and changed the progress of the glucose metabolism. In short, TLF regulated the gut microbiota to balance the ratio of Th17/Treg cells, reducing the inflammation in serum and intestinal mucosal injury in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":"44 5","pages":"208-220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<i>Correction to:</i> A Specific Pattern and Dynamics of Circulating Cytokines Are Associated with the Extension of Lung Injury and Mortality in Colombian Adults with Coronavirus Disease-19, by Sara Bolívar-Marín, et al. <i>J Interferon Cytokine Res</i> 2023; (vol. 43, no. 5; 206-215); doi: 10.1089/jir.2023.0001.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/jir.2023.0001.correx","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jir.2023.0001.correx","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":" ","pages":"190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10332229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of Interleukin 1 Receptor 2 in Kidney Disease.","authors":"Huiyue Hu, Aihua Wu, Xiaodie Mu, Hua Zhou","doi":"10.1089/jir.2023.0172","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jir.2023.0172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interleukin 1 (IL-1) family plays a significant role in the innate immune response. IL-1 receptor 2 (IL-1R2) is the decoy receptor of IL-1. It is a negative regulator that can be subdivided into membrane-bound and soluble types. IL-1R2 plays a role in the IL-1 family mainly through the following mechanisms: formation of inactive signaling complexes upon binding to the receptor auxiliary protein and inhibition of ligand IL-1 maturation. This review covers the roles of IL-1R2 in kidney disorders. Chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy, renal clear cell carcinoma, rhabdoid tumor of kidney, kidney transplantation, and kidney infection were all shown to have abnormal IL-1R2 expression. IL-1R2 may be a potential marker and a promising therapeutic target for kidney disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":" ","pages":"170-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ponatinib and STAT5 Inhibitor Pimozide Combined Synergistic Treatment Applications Potentially Overcome Drug Resistance via Regulating the Cytokine Expressional Network in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells.","authors":"Burcin Tezcanli Kaymaz, Nurcan Gumus, Besne Celik, İlayda Alcitepe, Cigir Biray Avci, Cagdas Aktan","doi":"10.1089/jir.2023.0170","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jir.2023.0170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative hematological disease characterized by the chimeric breakpoint-cluster region/Abelson kinase1 (BCR::ABL1) oncoprotein; playing a pivotal role in CML molecular pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and possible resistance arising from the success and tolerance of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-based therapy. The transcription factor STAT5 constitutive signaling, which is influenced by the cytokine signaling network, triggers BCR::ABL1-based CML pathogenesis and is also relevant to acquired TKI resistance. The unsuccessful therapeutic approaches targeting BCR::ABL1, in particular third-line therapy with ponatinib, still need to be further developed with alternative combination strategies to overcome drug resistance. As treatment with the STAT5 inhibitor pimozide in combination with ponatinib resulted in an efficient and synergistic therapeutic approach in TKI-resistant CML cells, this study focused on identifying the underlying amplification of ponatinib response mechanisms by determining different cytokine expression profiles in parental and ponatinib-resistant CML cells, <i>in vitro</i>. The results showed that expression of interleukin <i>(IL) 1B</i>, <i>IL9</i>, and <i>IL12A-B</i> was increased by 2-fold, while <i>IL18</i> was downregulated by 2-fold in the ponatinib-resistant cells compared to sensitive ones. Importantly, ponatinib treatment upregulated the expression of 21 of the 23 interferon and <i>IL</i> genes in the ponatinib-resistant cells, while treatment with pimozide or a combination dose resulted in a reduction in the expression of 19 different cytokine genes, such as for example, inflammatory cytokines, <i>IL1A-B</i> and <i>IL6</i> or cytokine genes associated with supporting tumor progression, leukemia stem cell growth or poor survival, such as <i>IL3</i>, <i>IL8</i>, <i>IL9</i>, <i>IL10</i>, <i>IL12</i>, or <i>IL15</i>. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis results showed that the genes were mainly enriched in the regulation of receptor signaling through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and hematopoietic cell lineage. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that <i>IL2</i>, <i>IL6</i>, <i>IL15</i>, <i>IFNG</i>, and others appeared in the top lists of pathways, indicating their high centrality and importance in the network. Therefore, pimozide could be a promising agent to support TKI therapies in ponatinib resistance. This research would help to clarify the role of cytokines in ponatinib resistance and advance the development of new therapeutics to utilize the STAT5 inhibitor pimozide in combination with TKIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":"44 4","pages":"178-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140848984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}