Emmanuel Kontomanolis, Christina Tsigalou, Achilleas Mitrakas, Anastasia G Gkegka, Eleni Efraimidou, Dimitrios Karamanidis, Konstantinos Nikoletos, Tsikouras Panagiotis, Nikolaos Nikoletos, Alexandra Giatromanolaki, Michael I Koukourakis
{"title":"Cytokine Plasma Levels in Breast Cancer Patients, Before and After Surgery.","authors":"Emmanuel Kontomanolis, Christina Tsigalou, Achilleas Mitrakas, Anastasia G Gkegka, Eleni Efraimidou, Dimitrios Karamanidis, Konstantinos Nikoletos, Tsikouras Panagiotis, Nikolaos Nikoletos, Alexandra Giatromanolaki, Michael I Koukourakis","doi":"10.1089/jir.2023.0157","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studying the levels of cytokines in the plasma of patients could be valuable in guiding immunotherapy policies. We assessed the plasma levels of 4 major cytokines [interferon (IFN)-β, interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)] collected from 19 patients with ductal breast cancer (BCa), before surgery (BS) and 5 days after surgery (AS). The ratio AS/BS was also calculated and correlated with histopathological variables and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density. The IFN-β and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in BCa patients, BS and AS, than healthy controls (<i>P</i> < 0.02). High IL-2 levels BS were linked with node involvement (<i>P</i> = 0.02), and marginally with HER2 expression (<i>P</i> = 0.08), while high TNF-α levels were linked with high PgR expression (<i>P</i> = 0.02). Increasing IFN-β, IL-2, and TNF-α levels were noted AS, which was more evident in patients with larger tumors. The TGF-β levels were significantly lower in BCa patients (<i>P</i> < 0.007). Linear regression analysis showed a direct association of IFN-β levels AS (<i>P</i> = 0.02, <i>r</i> = 0.52) and of TNF-α AS/BS-ratio (<i>P</i> = 0.001, <i>r</i> = 0.72) with TIL-density. It is suggested that although effector immune response is evident in the majority of early stage BCa patients, removal of the primary tumor further unblocks such responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":16261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jir.2023.0157","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/2/20 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Studying the levels of cytokines in the plasma of patients could be valuable in guiding immunotherapy policies. We assessed the plasma levels of 4 major cytokines [interferon (IFN)-β, interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)] collected from 19 patients with ductal breast cancer (BCa), before surgery (BS) and 5 days after surgery (AS). The ratio AS/BS was also calculated and correlated with histopathological variables and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density. The IFN-β and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in BCa patients, BS and AS, than healthy controls (P < 0.02). High IL-2 levels BS were linked with node involvement (P = 0.02), and marginally with HER2 expression (P = 0.08), while high TNF-α levels were linked with high PgR expression (P = 0.02). Increasing IFN-β, IL-2, and TNF-α levels were noted AS, which was more evident in patients with larger tumors. The TGF-β levels were significantly lower in BCa patients (P < 0.007). Linear regression analysis showed a direct association of IFN-β levels AS (P = 0.02, r = 0.52) and of TNF-α AS/BS-ratio (P = 0.001, r = 0.72) with TIL-density. It is suggested that although effector immune response is evident in the majority of early stage BCa patients, removal of the primary tumor further unblocks such responses.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research (JICR) provides the latest groundbreaking research on all aspects of IFNs and cytokines. The Journal delivers current findings on emerging topics in this niche community, including the role of IFNs in the therapy of diseases such as multiple sclerosis, the understanding of the third class of IFNs, and the identification and function of IFN-inducible genes.