NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016最新文献

{"title":"On the Feasibility of Performing Line Scale Measurments on a High Accuracy Coordinate Measuring Machine","authors":"Wei Ren, Roy E. Sundahl, T. Doiron","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.01","url":null,"abstract":"The NIST Linescale interferometer has been used to calibrate line standards for over 50 years. The last substantial upgrade of the instrument was over 20 years ago. The system, which is still very accurate, has become increasingly difficult to support. In this paper we report on a new calibration system being developed for line standards that uses one of the NIST high accuracy M-48 coordinate measuring machine. The talk will discuss the primary limitations of both the M-48 and the linescale, the new line finding microscope, system alignment and measurement process, software control system and data analysis algorithm. Finally performance data on the current version of the system comparing to other systems and algorithms will be presented. System improvements will be discussed at end also.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130274188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the Performance of the Compare II Leak Calibration System","authors":"T. A. Moss, H. Case","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.12","url":null,"abstract":"The Compare II leak calibration system at Sandia National Laboratories has been used for the secondary calibration of leaks for over 30 years. This system calibrates leaks by the direct comparison of an unknown leak with a standard reference leak using a commercial leak detector. Over the years the leak detector remained the same but other components were changed such as replacing the oil diffusion pump with a turbomolecular pump, a new temperature chamber for the unknown leak, and using a molecular drag pump instead of a rotary vane pump. Testing on this system was conducted for two reasons. First was to determine the optimum operating conditions to enable this system to be used at peak efficiency. The second is this system is planned to be replaced with a newer system in the near future and this testing will help in determining the new system's requirements. Some of the tests, for example, was determining the time for the leak rate to stabilize when first installed on the system prior to calibration, and for the leak rate to stabilize when switching between the standard and unknown leak. Data for these and other tests conducted to optimize the performance of the Compare II leak calibration system are presented. The resulting improvements reduced calibration time from 9 hours to 5 hours and increased the number of leaks calibrated per week from 3 to 5, which significantly increased operational efficiency and reduced turnaround time for the customer.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130395584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expand Capacitor and Inductor Frequency Range Using a Dependent Correction","authors":"Dimaries Nieves","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.44","url":null,"abstract":"Impedance is the opposition to alternating current flowing in an electric circuit or component. Impedance is expressed in basic circuit elements that include resistance (R), inductive reactance (XL), and capacitive reactance (XC). Real-world components are made up of wires, connections, conductors and dielectric materials combine to make up the impedance characteristics in a circuit. Impedance can change due to signal frequency and voltage level, the presence of a DC bias voltage or current and environmental factors such as operating temperatures or altitude. Of these potential influences signal frequency is often the most significant factor. Most commercial LCR bridges and meters have the capability to make measurements with selectable test frequencies. This feature is important because to obtain accurate measurement results the test frequency should be very close to the desired operational frequency. National Measurement Institutes typically provide traceable values at 1 kHz and 100 Hz, as default option. In order to use a capacitor or inductor over its entire frequency range an additional process is needed. This paper describes a method to determine and use a frequency correction factor to calculate the actual capacitance or inductance values over their entire frequency range using a commercial LCR bridge. Calculation of the uncertainty component associated to the frequency correction factor is included as well as the effect in the calculations of the capacitor or inductor accuracy.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116886007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Design and Construction of the In-Vacuum Mass Exchange System for the Realization and  Dissemination of the New SI Unit of Mass","authors":"L. Chao","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.04","url":null,"abstract":"The international system of units will complete a transition in 2018 from a system based on seven fundamental units to a system of seven fundamental constants. More specifically, regarding the SI unit of mass, the kilogram (kg) will be realized in terms of a fixed value of the Planck constant. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology, a watt balance will be used to relate the kilogram to the Planck Constant. One major challenge introduced with this new definition involves the environment where the realization occurs. In traditional mass metrology, all comparisons are completed in air and a chain of traceability can be completed back to the International Prototype Kilogram using conventional mass balances. In the new SI, the watt balance will be operated under vacuum. The vacuum environment is important for multiple reasons, including the elimination of the buoyancy correction and the introduction of sorption effects if the artifacts are transferred from vacuum to air. In order for the mass community to utilize the new vacuum-based definition in air, the scientists in the Mass and Force Group are constructing a magnetic suspension balance. This experiment will allow comparison of a mass in vacuum from the watt balance to an artifact in air that will be used for dissemination. This vacuum-to-air transfer is only worthwhile if the artifacts in the watt balance can be transferred to other instruments without breaking vacuum. To solve this problem, a complete, custom vacuum transfer system was developed for mass artifacts. The system is comprised of a series of load locks, mass exchange points and vacuum transfer arms to connect the mass transport vehicle to each experiment. Each stage of mass transfer introduces new challenges including material selection of artifact handlers, strict component design constraints and the logistics of maintaining a clean, reproducible vacuum environment during transfers that can span 100 meters of labs and hallways. This paper will explain the growing importance of vacuum technology in mass metrology and discuss how each of the aforementioned design problems were solved to create the vacuum transfer system in place today.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123722535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Measurement Tools to Develop a Shrink Rule for the 3-D Printing Process ","authors":"Casey Jones","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.18","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid prototyping, in particular 3-D printing, has quickly grown to be a critical part of the design, inspect, and evaluate process involved in product design. Parts of moderate size may be 3-D printed using various plastic materials like Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and nylon, which have quickly replaced the powder-based 3-D printers. These plastic processes utilize relatively inexpensive printers and materials and their popularity has soared as a result. The Purdue Polytechnic campus in Columbus, Indiana, now employs five 3-D printers to supplement its mechanical design, inspection, and validation instruction by also using the tools and resources of an environmentally-controlled metrology lab. The objective of this study is to design, print, and measure various part geometries to determine how closely the 3D printed part dimensions are to the original design. 3D printed parts do shrink as they cool following the printing process. In essence, this is very similar to shrinkage that occurs during the metal casting process and so the goal is identify and create a \"shrink rule\" for 3D printed plastic parts. There are multiple variables involved in the process including material, nozzle speed of the 3D printer, resolution of the printer, and size of the part among others. These different variables are explored in this study to determine the optimal process for accurate and repeatable 3D printing. A Zeiss Duramax coordinate measuring machine is utilized to perform the dimensional measurements of the parts. Various part orientations on the CMM are also investigated to determine any sensitivity to the measurement process. Results will demonstrate that parts need to be scaled up by 1.1% to 1.3% to accurately account for shrinkage of the material.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"107 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113982108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proficiency Testing: What to Do When Commercial Testing Is Not Available","authors":"Jennifer Fleenor","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.15","url":null,"abstract":"What alternatives do you have when commercial proficiency testing (PT) is not available or practical? Technical competence for both a calibration laboratory and test laboratory can be demonstrated by other than the \"traditional\" interlaboratory comparison (ILC) proficiency tests. The non-traditional test methods discussed can be and should be considered when the test discipline is not commercially available as a PT, or realistic to demonstrate through an ILC. Participants will receive useful information on the development and management of alternative technical competence demonstration methods. Examples will include test methods for both calibration and test laboratories based on the author's experience managing a global organizations' PT program. Advice on test plan development, analysis and reporting test results, and follow-up actions for any nonconformities will be shared. Participants will interact throughout this discussion and learn how to overcome and prevent pitfalls and obstacles, ensuring the test methods provide value and objective evidence of the laboratory's technical competence.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"312 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133248219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best Practices for Properly Using Thermometric Fixed-Point Cells as Calibration Reference Standards","authors":"M. Coleman","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.05","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses thermometric fixed-point cells and considerations for their use as International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) defining standards for the calibration of Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers (SPRTs). Designation as an ITS-90 defining standard is dependent on the chemical composition (e.g., purity) of the sample material, which in turn predicts the melting, freezing, or triple-point realization temperature of the material. However, sole knowledge of the chemical composition and purity of the sample used to construct a fixed-point cell does not guarantee a particular realization temperature. To establish traceability to the International System of Units (SI), the fixed-point cell must be compared to other fixed-point cells that are traceable to the SI - through National Metrology Institutes (NMI's) with internationally-accepted measurement capabilities. ISO/IEC 17025 outlines a method for establishing reference standard traceability, and accreditation bodies have required qualification of thermometric fixed-point cells for over a decade. However, the authors have observed that most fixed-point cells are not qualified, and many users do not realize the implications of using them without first establishing traceability. To better clarify these implications, this paper presents the main sources of fixed-point cell realization temperature errors and uncertainties, along with suggestions for handling these issues. References to current quality standards and industry best practices will also be presented, to underscore the current requirements for proper use of ITS-90 defining thermometric fixed-point cells.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134480142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty Evaluation of Profile Projector Calibration","authors":"Yi-Ting Chen","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.37","url":null,"abstract":"A profile projector is an optical measuring instrument that magnifies a workpiece's surface features to allow measurement on a linear or circular scale. It is also referred to as an optical comparator, since dimensions can be measured directly on the screen or compared to a standard reference at the correct magnification. Profile projectors are usually used for measuring profiles, dimensions and angles of workpieces. They have been widely used in electronics, semi-conductors, and mechanical industries. Profile projectors are common used as the basic inspection equipment in many factories and laboratories. The accuracy of profile projector is very important, since it influences the finishing quality and reliability of products directly. Thus, profile projector shall be calibrated periodically to ensure its quality of inspections and measurements. This paper detailed describes the uncertainty evaluation procedure of profile projector calibration in accordance with the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008. The effects of error sources in this calibration system are analyzed to estimate the corresponding standard uncertainties and sensitivity coefficients. The combined standard uncertainty and effective degrees of freedom are then calculated. The coverage factor can be found by taking the t value corresponding to the effective degrees of freedom. Finally, the expanded uncertainty can be obtained by multiplying the coverage factor and the combined standard uncertainty. The calibration method of profile projector is also briefly stated. For the calibration of a profile projector at a magnification of 10, the expanded uncertainty of magnification deviation is estimated to be 0.0096 % with a coverage factor of 2.04 corresponding to a level of confidence of approximately 95 %. For the positioning deviation calibration in a measurement range of (0 to 100) mm, the expanded uncertainty is estimated to be 0.005 mm with a coverage factor of 2.01 corresponding to a level of confidence of approximately 95 %.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124147413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Pressure and Temperature Upon the Modern Football","authors":"Kevin Radzik","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.07","url":null,"abstract":"Given the recent controversies within the arena of modern sports and the rules of fair play in the NFL Alliance Calibration will investigate the impact of inflation and temperature upon the compressibility of the modern football based upon the published NFL specifications. Moreover, the goal of this study will be to determine the impact upon gripping and control of the modern football under the varied conditions. Testing will be based upon applicable ISO-17025 standards and will follow the DMAIC process. Alliance Calibration will study the effect of different levels of pressure and temperature upon a regulation NFL football. The testing will include the Calculated Measurement of Uncertainty (CMC) for measurement of compressibility as impacted by pressure (PSI) and temperature (degrees F) as part of the Design of Experiment.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114325186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating a CMM Into an Engineering Technology Class Utilizing Simulation and Hardware","authors":"J. Fuehne","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.03","url":null,"abstract":"While most would consider learning to program a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to be a skill best learned in a one week tutorial format training class, the Purdue Polytechnic in Columbus has integrated these skills into a semester-long class that treats the CMM as a tool to satisfy a mechanical design objective. The class is titled \"Inspection and Validation of Product Design\" and features six projects throughout the semester along with various lessons on geometric dimensioning and tolerancing. Each of the projects requires the student to create an assigned solid model using a computer aided design (CAD) tool from a drawing. Each student then has the model manufactured using a three-dimensional rapid prototyping machine (3D printer). The CAD models are then imported into the CMM programming and simulation tool (Calypso) for the students to design their measurement plan. Since the Purdue Polytechnic in Columbus has only one actual CMM (Zeiss Duramax), it is a great advantage to have 25 copies of the simulation software. Students can develop their measurement plans and practice and perfect them using the simulation tool. When they feel their measurement plan is satisfactory, the students load their CAD model and measurement plan into the computer attached to the hardware as well as secure the actual 3D printed part onto the hardware. Carefully using the hardware controls, the students then execute their measurement plans to determine how closely the 3D printing manufacturing process matched the nominal drawing dimensions. Later in the semester, assignments are added that include GD&T measurements such as circularity, flatness, perpendicularity, parallelism, runout and position tolerances. Over the course of the semester, students learn about the design process, prototyping, inspection, and validation while using the CMM as a tool for those lessons. This work includes detailed descriptions of the projects, the reports required for each project and the objectives of each project. There are also analyses of the 3D printing process and comparisons to a machining process in several projects.","PeriodicalId":162467,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2016","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129676654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}