Juan Urrego-Reyes, Carlos Marrugo Arnedo, Hernan Jaramillo, Oscar Eduardo Realpe, Monica Maria Rojas, Anubhav Patel, Christopher Black, Rebekah Borse
{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab for the first-line treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Colombia.","authors":"Juan Urrego-Reyes, Carlos Marrugo Arnedo, Hernan Jaramillo, Oscar Eduardo Realpe, Monica Maria Rojas, Anubhav Patel, Christopher Black, Rebekah Borse","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2025.2510807","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13696998.2025.2510807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>KEYNOTE-048 (KN-048), a phase III clinical trial was conducted in first-line patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It demonstrated that pembrolizumab, when combined with platinum-based therapies (cisplatin or carboplatin) plus 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in the overall population, and in the combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 1 population, improves overall survival (OS) compared to the combination of cetuximab + platinum + 5-FU (EXTREME regime). The aim was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab as a combination therapy in the 1 L HNSCC CPS ≥ 1 sub-population compared to the EXTREME regime from a healthcare system perspective in Colombia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We built a three-state partitioned survival model to project the costs and outcomes over 40 years assuming a 3% annual discount. We used data from KEYNOTE-048 to model fits for progression-free survival (PFS), OS and Time-on-treatment curves for 1 L. Parametric extrapolations were then employed for the second part of the fit. The time-point selection was based on a series of statistical criteria including the chow test and log-hazard functions as well as an examination of remaining event within the tail of the curves. The parametric curve fits were guided by a comparison of real-world data, AIC/BIC criteria as well as visual inspection. Cost data for both first-line and subsequent treatments were derived from national public drug and procedures lists, namely SISMED and ISS Tariff Manual. Utilities were derived from KEYNOTE-048 Euro-QoL five dimension, using an Argentina-specific algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An additional 2.05 life-years (LY) and 1.62 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were the result versus comparator. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were COP $48,330,146/LY gained and COP $61,078,685/QALY gained, which were lower than the 2023 Colombian willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold (COP $69,150,201).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pembrolizumab combination therapy offers substantial survival and QALY gains for R/M HNSCC patients with an ICER lower than the Colombian willingness to pay making it a cost-effective treatment in Colombia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":" ","pages":"823-834"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2025.2520692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2025.2520692","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":"28 1","pages":"921"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gijs van de Wetering, Hyunchung Kim, David Roberts, Yusuke Hikichi, Martina Smith, Yayoi Tada
{"title":"A cost-effectiveness analysis of deucravacitinib <i>vs.</i> apremilast in moderate-to-severe psoriasis patients in Japan.","authors":"Gijs van de Wetering, Hyunchung Kim, David Roberts, Yusuke Hikichi, Martina Smith, Yayoi Tada","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2025.2515771","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13696998.2025.2515771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of deucravacitinib <i>vs.</i> apremilast as a treatment for moderate-to-severe psoriasis patients from a Japan healthcare system perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Markov sequence model was developed, consisting of an induction phase, maintenance phase, best supportive care and death. Clinical inputs were predominantly derived from the POETYK-PSO-1 and -2 trials (NCT03624127 and NCT03611751), and cost and resource use inputs were derived from several Japanese sources, including Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHLW) data and the outputs of a Delphi survey with Japanese clinical experts. Health-related quality of life inputs were based on the change in utility associated with different levels of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) response. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to account for uncertainty around the base case and several scenario analyses were performed to explore structural uncertainty related to assumptions and methodological choices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the base case, treatment with deucravacitinib results in a discounted QALY gain of 0.30 and discounted incremental costs of ¥459,771 compared to apremilast, resulting in an ICUR of ¥1,546,713 per QALY which is below the Japanese willingness to pay threshold of ¥5,000,000 per QALY. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses support the results of the base case. The latter shows that deucravacitinib has a 97.8% probability of being cost-effective compared to apremilast at the ¥5,000,000 per QALY threshold. The outcomes of all scenarios confirmed the cost-effectiveness of deucravacitinib compared to apremilast, with deucravacitinib being dominant in one scenario.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Deucravacitinib is cost-effective compared to apremilast in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in Japan, primarily driven by improvements in health-related quality of life associated with a more favorable PASI response. This conclusion is supported by extensive sensitivity and scenario analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":" ","pages":"922-933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selection bias in active-control trials: implications for HTAs and recommendations.","authors":"Clement Francois","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2025.2523669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2025.2523669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":"28 1","pages":"987-989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niklaus Meier, Daniel Ammann, Mark Pletscher, Jano Probst, Matthias Schwenkglenks
{"title":"Systematic review of cost-effectiveness modelling studies for haemophilia.","authors":"Niklaus Meier, Daniel Ammann, Mark Pletscher, Jano Probst, Matthias Schwenkglenks","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2024.2444157","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13696998.2024.2444157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Haemophilia is a rare genetic disease that hinders blood clotting. We aimed to review model-based cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) of haemophilia treatments, describe the sources of clinical evidence used by these CEAs, summarize the reported cost-effectiveness of different treatment strategies, and assess the quality and risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic literature review of model-based CEAs of haemophilia treatments by searching databases, the Tufts Medical Center CEA registry, and grey literature. We summarized and qualitatively synthesized the approaches and results of the included CEAs, without a meta-analysis due the diversity of the studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>32 eligible studies were performed in 12 countries and reported 53 pairwise comparisons. Most studies analysed patients with haemophilia A rather than haemophilia B. Comparisons of prophylactic versus on-demand treatment indicated that prophylaxis may not be cost-effective, but there was no clear consensus. Emicizumab was generally cost-effective compared with clotting factor treatments and was always dominant for patients with inhibitors. Immune tolerance induction following a Malmö protocol was found to be cost-effective compared to bypassing agents, while there was no consensus for the other protocols. Gene therapies as well as treatment with extended half-life coagulation factors were always cost-effective over their comparators. Studies were highly heterogenous regarding their time horizons, model structures, the inclusion of bleeding-related mortality and quality-of-life impacts. This heterogeneity limited the comparability of the studies. 19 of the 32 included studies received industry funding, which may have biased their results.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>It was not possible to perform a quantitative synthesis of the results due to the heterogeneity of the underlying studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Differences in results between previous CEAs may have been driven by heterogeneity in modelling approaches, clinical input data, and potential funding biases. A more consistent evidence base and modelling approach would enhance the comparability between CEAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":" ","pages":"89-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bridging the gap in public healthcare services in developing countries: lessons from the family doctor contract services in China.","authors":"Mohammad Habibullah Pulok","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2025.2480479","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13696998.2025.2480479","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":" ","pages":"445-447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Healthcare resource utilization patterns among patients with Parkinson's disease psychosis and dementia: analysis of US Medicare beneficiaries treated with pimavanserin versus other-atypical antipsychotics or versus quetiapine.","authors":"Krithika Rajagopalan, Daksha Gopal, Lambros Chrones, Dilesh Doshi, Nazia Rashid","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2025.2487358","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13696998.2025.2487358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pimavanserin (PIM) is the only FDA approved atypical antipsychotic treatment (AAP) for hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) among patients with or without coexisting dementia; however, Other-AAPs (i.e. quetiapine (QUE), risperidone, olanzapine, aripiprazole) are commonly prescribed off-label. Healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) patterns among patients with PDP and coexisting dementia (PDP+D) who newly initiate PIM versus (vs.) Other-AAPs (i.e. other AAP-mix) or QUE in real-world settings is limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of Parts A, B, and D claims from the 100% Medicare sample from 04/01/15 to 12/31/21 was conducted. AAP-naïve patients with PDP+D who initiated ≥12-month continuous monotherapy with PIM vs. Other-AAPs or vs. QUE during 04/01/16-12/31/20 were propensity score matched 1:1 on thirty-one variables (age, sex, race, region and 27 Elixhauser comorbidity characteristics). Adjusted log binomial regressions compared all-cause HCRU [(e.g. inpatient hospitalizations and by hospitalization-type [short-term stays (ST-stays), long-term stays (LT-stays), skilled nursing facility stays (SNF-stays)], and emergency room (ER) visits] risk between cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 5,932 patients with PDP+D, matched cohorts (<i>n</i> = 1,294 in each) on continuous- monotherapy of PIM vs. Other-AAPs or QUE had similar demographics and comorbidities. Adjusted regression results showed those who initiated PIM vs. Other-AAPs had significantly lower relative risk (RR) of ≥1 all-cause inpatient hospitalizations (RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.97), ST-stays (RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77-0.95), SNF-stays (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.68-0.92), and ER visits (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.94). PIM vs. QUE also experienced significantly lower RR for ≥1 all-cause IP hospitalizations (RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.96), ST-stays (RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.77-0.95), SNF-stays (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70-0.94), and ER visits (RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.83-0.94).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients initiating PIM-monotherapy for PDP+D experienced 12% lower all-cause inpatient hospitalizations vs. Other-AAPs or QUE. These results are consistent with prior real-world research in PDP with or without dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":" ","pages":"556-566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Cherney, Aleksandra Drzewiecka, Kerstin Folkerts, Pierre Levy, Aurélie Millier, Stephen Morris, Michał Pochopień, Prabir Roy-Chaudhury, Sean D Sullivan, Paul Mernagh
{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of finerenone therapy for patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes in England & Wales: results of the FINE-CKD model.","authors":"David Cherney, Aleksandra Drzewiecka, Kerstin Folkerts, Pierre Levy, Aurélie Millier, Stephen Morris, Michał Pochopień, Prabir Roy-Chaudhury, Sean D Sullivan, Paul Mernagh","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2025.2451526","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13696998.2025.2451526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the leading cause of kidney failure, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The FIDELIO-DKD trial demonstrated that finerenone lowered the risk of renal and CV events in patients with CKD and T2D, regardless of cardiovascular disease history. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of finerenone added to background treatment (finerenone + BT) versus background treatment (BT) alone in patients with CKD and T2D from the perspective of the National Health Service in England and Wales.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A lifetime Markov model assessed the indicated usage of finerenone for the treatment of stage 3 or 4 CKD with albuminuria associated with T2D in adults, as per the relevant marketing authorization. The model structure considered kidney disease progression and CV risk, with health states encompassing patients' kidney disease stage and CV event profiles, using patient-level data from the FIDELIO-DKD trial. Model outcomes were life years, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), per-patient costs, incremental costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Sensitivity and scenario analysis were performed, including an analysis exploring the impact of real-world data which suggests more frequent sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor use in the United Kingdom since FIDELIO-DKD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients receiving finerenone experienced kidney and CV benefits, including reduced rates of nonfatal CV events and CV deaths, translating to improvements in survival and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of 6.11 and 5.97 per patient for finerenone + BT versus BT, respectively. Total discounted per-patient costs were £48,940 for finerenone + BT and £47,716 for BT alone, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £8,808 per QALY gained for finerenone + BT versus BT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sensitivity and scenario analyses, including more frequent SGLT2 inhibitor use consistent with real-world data, indicate a robust ICER that remains within the bounds of what is typically considered cost-effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":" ","pages":"196-206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fredrik Nilsson, Martina Aldvén, Christian Gerdesköld Rappe, Tendai Mugwagwa
{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of outpatient COVID-19 antiviral treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir versus usual care in Swedish patients with various risk factors.","authors":"Fredrik Nilsson, Martina Aldvén, Christian Gerdesköld Rappe, Tendai Mugwagwa","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2024.2444836","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13696998.2024.2444836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r) is an orally administered antiviral indicated for the outpatient treatment of adult patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 at high risk for disease progression to severe illness. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of NMV/r versus best supportive care for 54 patient cohorts, specified according to age, vaccination status and comorbidity burden.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A previously published and validated cost-effectiveness model was utilized and adapted to the Swedish setting. The model used a short-term decision-tree (1 year) followed by a lifetime 2-state Markov model. The short-term decision-tree captured costs and outcomes associated with the primary infection. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome was only considered in terms of quality-of-life decrements for one year. Baseline hospitalization and mortality risks were taken from a Swedish, nationwide, uniquely granular, Omicron-era, real-world study. NMV/r effectiveness were taken from an Omicron-era US real-world study. Remaining inputs were informed by previous COVID-19 studies and publicly available Swedish sources.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) showed a large variation ranging from almost nine million SEK for some of the youngest cohorts to being dominant (i.e. cost-saving with higher gains in quality-of-life vs standard of care) for twelve elderly cohorts. In general, higher age in combination with non-recent (>180 days) or no vaccination led to lower ICERs. Specifically, NMV/r was cost-effective for all but one patient cohorts at least 70 years old, and for most patient cohorts 60-69 years old.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>As the COVID-19 landscape changes, symptom burden and baseline risks constantly change. Thus, the cost-effectiveness of NMV/r will change with time. However, the future risks could be related to the risks in the current study, and thus remain useful for decision makers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows that NMV/r is a cost-effective or even cost-saving treatment option for many patient cohorts, including most elderly and not-recently vaccinated patients with at least some comorbidity burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":" ","pages":"186-195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T E Detlie, L N Karlsen, E Jørgensen, N Nanu, R F Pollock
{"title":"Evaluating the cost-utility of ferric derisomaltose versus ferric carboxymaltose in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and iron deficiency anaemia in Norway.","authors":"T E Detlie, L N Karlsen, E Jørgensen, N Nanu, R F Pollock","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2024.2444833","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13696998.2024.2444833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is among the most common extraintestinal sequelae of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Intravenous iron is often the preferred treatment in patients with active inflammation with or without active bleeding, iron malabsorption, or intolerance to oral iron. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cost-utility of ferric derisomaltose (FDI) versus ferric carboyxymaltose (FCM) in patients with IBD and IDA in Norway.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A published patient-level simulation model was used to evaluate the cost-utility of FDI versus FCM in patients with IBD and IDA from a Norwegian national payer perspective. Iron need was modelled based on bivariate distributions of hemoglobin and bodyweight combined with simplified tables of iron need from the FDI and FCM summaries of product characteristics. Patient characteristics and disease-related quality of life data were obtained from the PHOSPHARE-IBD trial. Cost-utility was evaluated in Norwegian Kroner (NOK) over a five-year time horizon.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients required 1.64 fewer infusions of FDI than FCM over five years (5.62 versus 7.26), corresponding to 0.41 fewer infusions per treatment course. The reduction in the number of infusions resulted in cost savings of NOK 5,236 (NOK 35,830 with FDI versus NOK 41,066 with FCM). The need for phosphate testing in patients treated with FCM resulted in further cost savings with FDI (no costs with FDI versus NOK 4,470 with FCM). Total cost savings with FDI were therefore NOK 9,707. FDI also increased quality-adjusted life expectancy by 0.071 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) driven by reduced incidence of hypophosphatemia and fewer interactions with the healthcare system.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FDI resulted in cost savings and improved quality-adjusted life expectancy versus FCM in patients with IDA and IBD in Norway. FDI therefore represents the economically preferable iron formulation in Norwegian patients with IBD and IDA in whom it is indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":" ","pages":"291-301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}