Journal of Magnesium and Alloys最新文献

{"title":"Effect of nanostructured MgO directly grown on pure magnesium substrate on its in vitro corrosion and bioactivity behaviour","authors":"Majid Shahsanaei, Masoud Atapour, Morteza Shamanian, Nastaran Farahbakhsh, Swathi N.V. Raghu, Torsten Kowald, Sybille Krauß, Seyedsina Hejazi, Shiva Mohajernia, Manuela S. Killian","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a nanostructured MgO coating fabricated via anodization in a non-aqueous electrolyte, offering a novel approach to addressing the challenges of corrosion resistance and biofunctionality. The surface was characterized before and after immersion testing using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization tests demonstrated a 2-fold reduction in the corrosion resistance compared to untreated magnesium. Biomineralization studies demonstrated the uniform formation of apatite with a Ca/P ratio of 1.35 on the nanostructured surface after 14 days in simulated body fluid (SBF), surpassing that of microstructured MgO. Hydrogen evolution decreased from 912±38 µL cm^-2 for untreated Mg to 615±32 µL cm^-2 for the Mg/MgO nanostructure and 545±29 µL cm^-2 for the Mg/MgO/HA sample. These findings highlight the potential of nanostructured MgO coatings to advance Mg-based implants by providing enhanced corrosion protection, improved biomineralization, reduced hemolysis and increased cell viability, and reduced H₂ generation.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144237050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The post-deformation softening and hardening mechanisms of a Mg-2Y-1Zn alloy during double-stage hot compression","authors":"Hang Xu, Yang Mo, Fulin Jiang, Luoyi Wu, Jie Tang, Jie Teng, Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-pass hot processing methods are commonly used in magnesium (Mg) alloys to overcome the poor workability due to limited slip systems, which generally involve complicated post-deformation softening and hardening behaviors. In this work, to reveal post-deformation softening and hardening mechanisms of a Mg-2Y-1 Zn alloy, double-stage hot compression tests and microstructural observations were conducted. The results showed that the softening fraction of Mg-2Y-1 Zn alloy showed a non-linear dependence on deformation conditions and could be general coupled by <em>Z</em> parameter. Due to the formation and cross-overlapping of twins and kinks, only static recovery (SRV) occurred during holding process at 300 °C/0.001 s^-1 which led to the least static softening: 5.52 % after 10 s of holding. For samples at 400 °C/0.001s^-1, the enhanced post-deformation softening, which is 11.93 % after 10 s of holding, was attributed to static recrystallization (SRX) followed continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) happened during first deformation stage as well as SRV influenced by the LPSO phases. Under deformation condition of 400 °C/0.1 s^-1, the coupled meta-dynamic recrystallization (MDRX) and SRX resulted in serious stress relaxation, which is 42.83 % after 10 s of holding, and caused hardening phenomenon at reloading stage. The 18R-LPSO and 14H-LPSO phases synchronously worked on deformation behaviors and limited the growth of recrystallized grains. Further, a simplified static softening kinetics model was established based on Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation and employed to rationalize experimental data.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144228988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcination temperature-dependent structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties of Mg-Al bimetallic oxide prepared by sol-gel auto combustion method","authors":"Thanit Tangcharoen","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"In this research study, magnesium-aluminum (Mg-Al) bimetallic oxide powders are synthesized via the sol-gel auto combustion method using diethanolamine (DEA) as the fuel. In order to subsequently determine the influence of calcination temperatures upon the structure, chemical bonding, morphology, optical properties, and fluorescence properties of the as-synthesized and calcined Mg-Al bimetallic oxide powders, the researcher employed X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), respectively. It was apparent on the basis of the XRD and FT-IR analyses that those powders undergoing calcination at temperatures of 500 °C, 700 °C, and 900 °C contained the major phase magnesium aluminate (MgAl₂O₄) spinel with trace magnesium oxide (MgO) and hydrotalcite (Mg₆Al₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₆). When the calcination temperature rose to 1100 °C, this resulted in a single phase MgAl₂O₄ while MgO and (Mg₆Al₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₆) were no longer observed. UV-DRS analysis revealed that in optimized conditions, calcination resulted in better sample absorption and reflection levels when compared to the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectra observed in the case of the as-synthesized sample. The bandgap energy (<em>E_g</em>) for calcined samples was in the range of 2.65 eV to 5.85 eV, in contrast to the value of 4.10 eV for the as-synthesized sample. Analysis of photoluminescence showed that for the as-synthesized samples and those calcined at low temperatures, visible light was emitted only in the violet, blue, and green regions with low intensity, while for samples calcined at higher temperatures, the emissions showed greater intensity and extended to the yellow and orange regions. Multiple defect centers were found in the bandgap which can explain these findings.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of magnesium fluoride catalysis on the vacuum reducing properties of magnesium oxide","authors":"Tingzhuang Ma, Bin Yang, Yang Tian, Wenlong Jiang, Baoqiang Xu, Guozheng Zha, Shuji Wu, Haosong Yu, Rong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.05.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"Low reduction efficiency is a critical issue that limits the advancement of the magnesium vacuum carbothermal reduction smelting process. This investigation introduces a novel magnesium smelting process that substitutes magnesium fluoride (MgF₂) for calcium fluoride (CaF₂) as a catalyst in the vacuum carbothermal reduction of magnesium. The viability and optimal operating conditions of the new method were assessed through thermodynamic calculations of Gibbs free energy in the MgO<img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>C-MgF₂ system. Additionally, the catalytic effects of MgF₂ on the reduction of MgO were examined under different holding times in vacuum conditions. Analytical results indicated a significant improvement in the reduction efficiency of MgO upon the incorporation of MgF₂. MgF₂ serves a catalytic function in the reduction process, When F⁻ acts, it elevates the relative concentration of Mg in the reduction system and promotes the reduction reaction. Improvements in reduction efficiency are observed as the holding period duration increases and with higher concentrations of MgF₂. However, the improvement in reduction efficiency tends to plateau when the concentration exceeds 7 %. The resulting magnesium condensate exhibits a robust crystalline structure, with a purity of 79.39 %. The crystallization outcomes are influenced by the degree of reverse reactions. Compared to CaF₂, MgF₂ offers significant economic, environmental, and catalytic advantages. This process supports the goals of sustainable, green development and aligns with clean production standards in the magnesium metallurgy sector.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exceptional metallurgical bonding mechanism via Nano-thick layer of interfacial solid solution in dissimilar welding","authors":"Xuebin Zhuo, Haining Yao, Ke Chen, Katsuyoshi Kondoh, Liming Peng, Min Wang, Xueming Hua, Aidang Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"In dissimilar welding, interfacial metallurgical bonding typically involves the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs). Effective bonding without interfacial IMCs was reported only in a few combinations with high mutual solubility, such as Ag/Au, or in limited specific cases involving Al/steel welding, where interfacial amorphous phases formed. This study reveals a new metallurgical bonding mechanism in friction stir lap welding between immiscible AZ31 Mg alloy and DC01 steel, using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Rather than IMCs, AZ31 and DC01 were bonded via a nanometer-thick interfacial layer of Fe(Al) solid solution formed by Al atoms diffusing across the interface from AZ31. This mechanism was found highly effective, as evidenced by the lap shear strength of AZ31/DC01 joint, reaching 101 MPa, which is 78 % of the shear strength of AZ31 base material and 89 % higher than that of pure Mg/DC01 joint. Fracture predominantly occurred in AZ31 stir zone rather than right along interface.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precipitation characteristics and short-time aging treatment of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy","authors":"Mu Meng, Zhiqiang Zhai, Genxing Lei, Zhaoming Yan, Weihao Wu, Qiang Wang, Zhimin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloys face the issue of a long aging duration. To establish a short-time aging treatment route, the precipitation characteristics and their effects on mechanical properties during elevated-temperature heat treatment prior to low-temperature aging treatment, low-temperature single-stage aging treatment, and low-temperature two-stage aging treatment were studied. The following results were obtained: Wider intragranular lamellar phases, including 14-LPSO and γ′′ phases, are more easily obtained during long-term holding at heat treatment temperatures of 400 °C and 450 °C. Although these lamellar phases do not contribute to strengthening, they enhance ductility by hindering crack propagation. Micro-sized <em>β</em> phases precipitate more readily at heat treatment temperatures of 300 °C and 350 °C. Intragranular needle-like <em>β</em> phases are not effective strengthening phases, and <em>β</em> phase precipitating along grain boundaries form a networked distribution, which reduces ductility. The nano-sized <em>β'</em> phase, as the main strengthening phase, is more likely to precipitate during single-stage aging at temperatures of 200 °C and 250 °C. The <em>β'</em> phase formed at 200 °C is denser, leading to higher strength, but requiring a longer aging time. For two-stage aging, which involves a primary-stage at 200 °C for 8 to 12 h followed by a second-stage at 250 °C for 10 h, the aging time is reduced to at least one-quarter of that required for single-stage aging at 200 °C, ensuring strength while improving ductility. The formation of very dense nano-sized <em>β'</em> phases during the primary-stage aging facilitates the densification of <em>β'</em> phases during the subsequent second-stage aging. Additionally, the shortened aging time hinders the precipitation of <em>β</em> phase along the grain boundaries, thus improving ductility.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling hetero-deformation induced stress partitioning revealing non-basal slip activity in bimodal-grained ZK60 Mg alloy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"The excellent strength-ductility combination of hetero-grained Mg alloys has been reported to stem from pronounced hetero-deformation induced (HDI) st…","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental characterization and atomistic simulation of grain boundary segregation in Mg-Y alloys","authors":"Qianying Shi, Vaidehi Menon, Liang Qi, John Allison","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.04.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.04.030","url":null,"abstract":"As a rare earth solute element in Mg alloys, Y has the beneficial effects of increasing both the strength and the ductility as well as weakening the crystallographic texture. To achieve a more fundamental understanding on how Y addition affects the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties, the Y segregation behavior at grain boundaries was investigated in Mg-1wt.%Y and Mg-7wt.%Y alloys at different conditions. The segregation intensity and its dependence on the grain boundary misorientation angle were experimentally characterized and computationally predicted. Strong segregation at grain boundaries was observed in both low and high Y-containing alloys. Y segregation was found to remain in alloy Mg-7Y after high-temperature annealing heat treatment at 540 °C. No direct correlation between the Y segregation intensity and the grain boundary misorientation angle could be established based on either the experimental characterization or the atomistic simulation with a spectral model. We thus conclude that grain boundary segregation of Y is independent of grain boundary misorientation angle.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic optimization of efficiency-microstructure-performance in wire-arc additive manufacturing of AZ31 magnesium alloy","authors":"Zihao Jiang, Caiyou Zeng, Zijin Chang, Ziqi Li, Yuan Zhao, Baoqiang Cong","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.04.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.04.026","url":null,"abstract":"In wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a trade-off exists among deposition efficiency, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Addressing this challenge, this work proposes an innovative multi-objective optimization framework tailored for WAAM of AZ31 magnesium alloy components, which integrates deposition efficiency and microstructure as coupled objectives and is resolved through the NSGA-II algorithm. The proposed framework employs quadratic regression to correlate process parameters with deposition efficiency through geometric morphology mediation, while addressing uncertainties in WAAM by integrating theoretical insights with data-driven stacked ensemble learning for grain size prediction, establishing the hybrid physics-informed data method for WAAM microstructure prediction<em>.</em> The optimized process achieved a deposition rate of 6257 mm³/min, with effective width and average layer height maintained at 10.1 mm and 4.13 mm, respectively. Microstructural optimization produced a fine, uniform, fully equiaxed grain structure with an average grain size of 38 μm. These findings underscore the significant industrial potential of intelligent optimization strategies in WAAM for manufacturing lightweight, high-performance components in aerospace and transportation sectors.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of dynamic recrystallization behavior, microstructural characteristics, and mechanical properties of high-speed-extruded AZ31 and BA56 magnesium alloys","authors":"Gun Woong An, Sang-Cheol Jin, Taekyung Lee, Sumi Jo, Sung Hyuk Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.04.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.04.020","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares the microstructural evolution, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior, tensile properties, and age-hardenability between the newly developed high-speed-extrudable BA56 alloy and those of the widely recognized AZ31 alloy in industry. Unlike the AZ31 alloy, which retains partially unrecrystallized grains, the high-speed-extruded BA56 alloy demonstrates a coarser but entirely recrystallized and more homogeneous microstructure. The fine-grained structure and abundant Mg₃Bi₂ particles in the BA56 extrusion billet significantly enhance its DRX behavior, thus enabling rapid and complete recrystallization during extrusion. The BA56 alloy contains band-like fragmented Mg₃Bi₂ particles and numerous fine Mg₃Bi₂ particles distributed throughout the material, in contrast to the sparse Al₈Mn₅ particles in the AZ31 alloy. These features contribute to superior mechanical properties of the BA56 alloy, which achieves tensile yield and ultimate tensile strengths of 205 and 292 MPa, respectively, compared to 196 and 270 MPa for the AZ31 alloy. The superior strength of the BA56 alloy, even with its coarser grain size, can be explained by its elevated Hall-Petch constant and the strengthening contribution from the fine Mg₃Bi₂ particles. Additionally, the BA56 alloy demonstrates significant age-hardenability, achieving a 22% enhancement in hardness following T5 aging, attributed to the precipitation of nanoscale Mg₃Bi₂ and Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phases. By contrast, the AZ31 alloy shows minimal hardening due to the absence of precipitate formation during aging. These findings suggest that the BA56 alloy is a promising candidate for the production of extruded Mg components requiring a combination of high productivity, superior mechanical performance, and wide-ranging process adaptability.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}