Journal of Magnesium and Alloys最新文献

{"title":"Superior elevated-temperature strength-ductility synergy enabled by LPSO structures and β′ precipitates in wire-arc additively manufactured Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloys","authors":"Dong Ma,&nbsp;Chunjie Xu,&nbsp;Yu Wen,&nbsp;Runhua Li,&nbsp;Fanhong Zeng,&nbsp;Dan Shechtman,&nbsp;Sergei Remennik,&nbsp;Pengyang Li,&nbsp;Daniel Safranchik,&nbsp;Shang Sui","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the mechanical properties of magnesium (Mg) alloys at elevated temperature remains a critical challenge for their application in aerospace components. This study utilized wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology to fabricate Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloys, systematically evaluating the tensile properties and strengthening mechanisms of both as-built and heat-treated specimens at room temperature, 200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C. The results indicated that the characteristic rapid non-equilibrium solidification path of WAAM significantly refined the microstructure, enabling the as-built specimens to maintain a yield strength of 157.9 ± 4.1 MPa and an elongation of 20.3 ± 3.4% at 250 °C. Subsequent heat treatment facilitated the formation of long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) structures and nanoscale β′ precipitates, collectively establishing a multi-scale synergistic strengthening architecture. This multi-scale microstructure exhibited remarkable thermal stability, which resulted in a yield strength of 257.6 ± 5.2 MPa and an elongation of 18.6 ± 4.4% at 250 °C. Microstructural analysis revealed that the LPSO structures accommodated plastic strain via kinking deformation, while the β′ precipitates effectively pinned dislocations. This synergy effectively suppressed grain boundary sliding and the softening induced by dynamic recrystallization at elevated temperature. This work elucidated the elevated-temperature strengthening and toughening mechanisms achieved via the WAAM process and multi-scale microstructural design, providing a novel paradigm and theoretical foundation for the development of high-performance Mg alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 102207"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149211356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LightAlloy-Bench: Benchmarking reasoning abilities of large language models in light alloys","authors":"Haoyang Xie,&nbsp;Yiran Zhang,&nbsp;Zini Yan,&nbsp;Turab Lookman,&nbsp;Xiangdong Guo,&nbsp;Shuzhou Li,&nbsp;Haoyang Fu,&nbsp;Shiyu Liang,&nbsp;Ziyuan Rao,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light alloys play a critical role in lightweight engineering and sustainable development owing to their high specific strength and resource efficiency. However, their intelligent design remains challenging because of complex structure–process–property relationships and the scarcity of structured, high-quality data. Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for AI-driven materials research, yet their reasoning capabilities in the context of light alloys have not been systematically assessed. Here, we introduce LightAlloy-Bench, a hierarchical benchmark tailored for light alloy research, comprising a foundational layer with 2300 questions covering domain knowledge and a reasoning layer with 10,096 questions designed to evaluate multi-step reasoning. Using this benchmark, we evaluate 13 general-purpose and 3 materials-domain LLMs. Among all models, GPT-4o achieves the highest reasoning accuracy without any task-specific optimization. Building on this baseline, we further investigate the effects of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting and reinforcement learning (RL)-based optimization. Notably, Qwen3-14B attains the strongest reasoning performance under CoT prompting, outperforming larger-scale LLMs. This result demonstrates that model scale alone does not determine reasoning capability and highlights the critical role of reasoning-oriented optimization strategies. Overall, LightAlloy-Bench establishes a quantitative foundation for advancing LLM-driven reasoning in intelligent light alloy design and offers a generalizable framework for developing reasoning-focused benchmarks across other alloy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 102127"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148286645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural evolution and thermal restoration mechanism of pre-twinned Mg-Y-RE alloys during annealing: A study combining quasi-in-situ experiments and machine learning approach","authors":"Zheng Wu,&nbsp;Xiaoya Chen,&nbsp;Zheng Wang,&nbsp;Jian Zeng,&nbsp;Senhao Li,&nbsp;Lingxiao Wang,&nbsp;Shiqi Zhao,&nbsp;Hua Wang,&nbsp;Quanan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing the mechanical performance of Mg-RE alloys via thermo-mechanical processing remains a central focus of magnesium research, specifically regarding the elucidation of high-temperature restoration mechanisms. However, a formidable challenge persists in establishing reliable criteria to accurately predict twin-induced nucleation sites under these conditions. Machine learning (ML) provides a data-driven approach for microstructural prediction and complementary mechanistic interpretation. The present study investigates thermal restoration mechanisms, specifically the recovery behavior during the early stages of annealing and the transient evolution during the initial nucleation process. By integrating quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) with ML, we characterize the thermal restoration mechanisms of Mg-Y-RE alloy subjected to 12% engineering pre-strain and 500 °C annealing. Deviating from conventional theories of twin-induced recrystallization (TDRX), this work identifies {10–12} and {11–21} extension twins as preferential nucleation sites. We propose a hybrid deep learning architecture that fuses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and ensemble learning. Utilizing multi-dimensional pre-annealing microstructural and crystallographic features as inputs, the model achieves high-precision prediction of the recrystallized grain counts in the vicinity of twins within Mg-Y-RE alloys subjected to thermo-mechanical processing. Furthermore, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) deciphers the correlation between microstructural inputs and outputs. The resulting visual heatmaps precisely localize the spatial domains governing nucleation, thereby significantly enhancing the physical interpretability of the model. Based on this, the model predicts twin-induced nucleation sites and elucidates the high-temperature restoration mechanisms. These autonomously identified “hotspots” align with regions of high dislocation density and complex twin-boundary junctions. The activation of these high-dislocation regions and the associated dislocation interactions facilitates the formation of new grain boundaries and subsequent SRX. This ML framework provides quantitative guidance for understanding the high-temperature restoration of Mg-Y-RE alloys and offers a reference and new insights for alloy mechanism analysis driven by interpretable ML.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 102209"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148402125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of fundamentals, recent advances, and future perspectives of magnesium-based materials for high-performance supercapacitors","authors":"Vanaraj Ramkumar,&nbsp;Madhappan Santhamoorthy,&nbsp;Gopiraman Mayakrishnan,&nbsp;Seong Cheol Kim,&nbsp;Ick Soo Kim,&nbsp;Cadaiam Mohan Babu","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for sustainable and high-performance energy storage systems has stimulated significant interest in magnesium-based materials for supercapacitor applications. Owing to their abundance, low cost, environmental benignity, and the divalent nature of Mg²⁺ ions, these materials offer considerable potential for achieving enhanced charge-storage capability compared with conventional monovalent-ion systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of magnesium-based electrode materials, including magnesium oxides, hydroxides, layered double hydroxides, magnesium-doped carbons, metal–organic framework-derived materials, and hybrid nanocomposites. The fundamental charge-storage mechanisms, encompassing electric double-layer capacitance, pseudocapacitive reactions, and ion-intercalation processes, are discussed with particular emphasis on Mg-specific electrochemical behavior. Recent advances in nanostructure engineering, defect modulation, heterostructure design, conductive-network integration, electrolyte optimization, and flexible or solid-state device configurations are critically evaluated to establish structure–performance relationships. Analysis of recent studies reveals that, although conductivity limitations can be effectively mitigated through carbon hybridization and architectural design, sluggish Mg²⁺ transport resulting from strong solvation effects, high charge density, and interfacial diffusion barriers remains a major challenge limiting rate capability and practical device performance. Key issues related to cycling stability, electrolyte compatibility, and the translation of laboratory-scale results to realistic devices are also highlighted. Finally, future research directions focusing on advanced interface engineering and accelerated Mg²⁺ transport pathways are proposed. This review provides fundamental insights and design strategies for the development of next-generation magnesium-based supercapacitors with improved energy density, power capability, and long-term operational stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 102220"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148893910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amorphous Ti³⁺ oxide formed in situ from Ti-MOF nanosheets as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing hydrogen storage kinetics of MgH2","authors":"Jiabao Bai,&nbsp;Wen Li,&nbsp;Mengran Li,&nbsp;Bin Cui,&nbsp;Yana Liu,&nbsp;Yunfeng Zhu,&nbsp;Jiguang Zhang,&nbsp;Rui Shi,&nbsp;Jun Wang,&nbsp;Zhixin Ba,&nbsp;Wenrong Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a Ti-MOF catalyst (Ti-MOF-3) with a stacked nanosheet morphology was successfully synthesized, which significantly enhances the de/hydrogenation kinetics of MgH₂. The initial and peak dehydrogenation temperatures of MgH₂–5 wt.% Ti-MOF-3 composite are reduced to 203.9 °C and 272.1 °C, respectively. Specifically, this composite can rapidly release 5.82 wt.% H₂ within 1200 s at 275 °C, and absorb 5.38 wt.% H₂ within 2400 s at 100 °C. The nanosheet structure exhibits a large specific surface area, which increases the number of catalytic sites and improves the interaction interface with MgH₂ during the ball milling process. During the first dehydrogenation process, amorphous multivalen Ti oxides are in situ formed, with Ti³⁺ oxide content as high as 51.38%. Theoretical calculation results show that Ti³⁺ oxide serves a crucial catalytic function to enhance the hydrogen storage performance of MgH₂ by significantly reducing the hydrogen adsorption energy and weakening the Mg-H bonds. In addition, the amorphous state can regulate the electronic distribution to offer more catalytic sites, enhancing the catalytic activity. Therefore, the considerable improvement of the hydrogen storage kinetics should be attributed to the nanosheet morphology of Ti-MOF-3 and the in situ formation of amorphous Ti³⁺ oxide. This work provides valuable insights into the development of advanced MOF-based catalysts for the catalytic modification of magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 102198"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148401891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hetero-microstructure and non-uniform properties of additive friction stir deposition for Mg-Gd-Y-Zr rare-earth magnesium alloy","authors":"Naiqiang Xu,&nbsp;Xinqi Yang,&nbsp;Yuqing Wang,&nbsp;Haocheng Ji,&nbsp;Shuming Xu,&nbsp;Lv Xiao,&nbsp;Haitao Zhou,&nbsp;Yuye Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, utilizing the extruded feedstock of the Mg-8.94Gd-3.17Y-0.46Zr(wt.%) rare-earth magnesium alloy (GW83), fully dense deposited builds of 16–18 layers were successfully fabricated using additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) with different tool rotation speeds of 250 rpm and 300 rpm. The effects of tool rotation speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the deposited builds were investigated in detail. The results indicated that both 250 rpm and 300 rpm deposited builds exhibited significant mixed grain microstructure and the grain size in different regions showed the same size relationship, i.e., advancing side (AS) &gt; middle &gt; retreating side (RS). As the tool rotation speed increased from 250 rpm to 300 rpm, the grain size in different regions of the deposited builds increased. The deposited builds all exhibited a prominent basal plane 〈0001〉 texture and possessed the same second phases of α-Mg, Zr and (Gd, Y)H₂ phases, but the β-Mg₂₄(Gd, Y)₅ phase was only found in the middle and RS regions. The tensile properties of the deposited builds for the GW83 Mg alloy exhibited significant heterogeneity. The ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) in the longitudinal direction were all obtained over 92% of the feedstock’s strength (285 MPa), while the UTS in the build direction were only ∼83% of the feedstock’s strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 102213"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149211381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Mg/Al laminated metal composites via introducing interlayers: Mechanisms, strategies, and prospects","authors":"Binbin Li,&nbsp;Fanglei Wang,&nbsp;Jun Tan,&nbsp;Yi Lin,&nbsp;Hao Lv,&nbsp;Aitao Tang,&nbsp;Xianhua Chen,&nbsp;Jürgen Eckert","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mg/Al laminated metal composites (LMCs) are promising materials due to their low weight, high specific strength, and good formability, making them suitable for applications in automotive, aerospace, marine, and other industries. However, the significant differences in properties and coordinated deformation ability between Mg and Al alloys present serious challenges to the fabrication of Mg/Al LMCs. The interface is critical in determining the mechanical properties of Mg/Al composites, as it governs load transfer and metal bonding. Yet direct bonding often leads to the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the interface, which significantly reduce the interfacial bonding strength and consequently cause brittle fracture of the LMCs. Introducing an interlayer at the Mg/Al bonding interface can effectively mitigate or prevent the formation of brittle Mg-Al IMCs, providing a promising approach to improve the interfacial properties of Mg/Al LMCs and to develop lightweight LMCs with excellent performance. This review explores the intrinsic relationship between fabrication methods and interfacial bonding, provides a detailed analysis of the interfacial bonding mechanism, and discusses the design of interlayers from both thermodynamics and diffusion kinetics. Subsequently, the effects of different interlayers on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg/Al LMCs are analyzed, and the essential role of various interlayers in interface modification is thoroughly examined. Modifying the interfacial reaction products is the core objective of interface modification through the addition of metallic interlayers. In addition, different interlayers also induce changes in the microstructure of the interfacial bonding zone, and such microstructural changes are highly dependent on the fabrication process. Ceramic particles primarily act as a barrier preventing direct contact between Mg and Al, while also providing particle strengthening in the bonding zone. This work provides valuable insights for understanding and designing the failure mechanisms of Mg/Al LMCs incorporating interlayers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 102204"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149211382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong metal-support interaction enabled robust hydrogen storage in magnesium hydride","authors":"Shuai Li,&nbsp;Fuying Wu,&nbsp;Kai Jia,&nbsp;Daifen Chen,&nbsp;Beibei Xiao,&nbsp;Hai-Wen Li,&nbsp;Guoqiang Liu,&nbsp;Liuting Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium hydride (MgH₂) serves as promising hydrogen carriers for hydrogen infrastructure, yet its strong Mg-H bond imposes considerable constraints on practical operation under mild temperatures. Herein, an interfacial engineering strategy based on strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) was implemented to modulate the electronic structure of MgH₂ for superior hydrogen storage performance. The alloy-support interaction effectively reinvents the electronic structure at the catalyst-MgH₂ interface by tuning the d-band center position and orbital energy distribution, thereby attenuating the Mg-H binding strength. Moreover, the abundant exposed catalyst-hydride phase interfaces and active sites create favorable conditions for the dissociation and recombination of H atoms. Consequently, the MgH₂-FeNi₃/NiFe MMOs complex exhibited 6.25 wt% desorption capacity at 235 °C and 5.36 wt% reabsorption capacity at 75 °C both within 60 min, greatly improving the hydrogen storage performance of MgH₂. This work verifies strong metal-support interaction could exert excellent catalytic effect on hydrogen storage reactions, shedding light on developing other novel solid-state energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 102194"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149003994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of rare earth additions on low cycle fatigue behavior of a Mg-2Nd-1Y-0.1Zr-0.1Ca alloy","authors":"Justin Smith,&nbsp;Jiashi Miao,&nbsp;Aeriel D. Murphy-Leonard","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low-cycle fatigue behavior of an extruded, solution-treated Mg–2Nd–1Y–0.1Zr–0.1Ca alloy was investigated under fully reversed, strain-controlled loading at amplitudes of 0.4–0.8%. A multimodal characterization approach combining SEM, EBSD, FIB nanofabrication, STEM, and STEM-EDS was used to elucidate the influence of rare-earth (RE) elements on deformation mechanisms. The initial microstructure exhibited a RE texture with basal (0001) poles tilted ∼30–45° from the loading direction, promoting non-basal slip activity. Cyclic hardening was observed across all strain amplitudes, accompanied by increases in plastic strain amplitude and energy with increasing total strain. Site-specific STEM revealed that deformation was accommodated by basal ⟨a⟩ and pyramidal ⟨c + a⟩ slip. HAADF-STEM and center-of-symmetry analysis identified I₁ intrinsic stacking faults arising from ⟨c + a⟩ dislocation dissociation, along with dense fault aggregates in the postmortem microstructure. These findings provide new insight into the role of complex dislocation mechanisms in governing the cyclic response of rare-earth Mg alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 102151"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149211352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current-carrying friction-induced surface amorphization and abnormal grain growth in high-purity magnesium: A multi-field coupling mechanism","authors":"Jing Sang,&nbsp;Yuting Liu,&nbsp;Hidetoshi Hirahara,&nbsp;Zhixin Kang,&nbsp;Zhong Alan Li,&nbsp;Weirong Li,&nbsp;Sumio Aisawa,&nbsp;Dexin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2026.102197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving surface amorphization of high-purity magnesium (HP-Mg) without alloying additions remains challenging due to its high crystallographic symmetry and rapid atomic diffusivity. In this work, current-carrying friction was employed to modify the surface microstructure of HP-Mg under a constant load (20 N) and varying currents, utilizing a thermo-mechano-electrical multi-field coupling mechanism to refine grains and induce amorphization. Systematic characterization revealed that microstructural evolution under current-carrying friction diverges significantly from that under conventional mechanical friction. Specifically, an oxygen-rich amorphous/nanocrystalline hybrid layer​ formed at the interface, accompanied by a unique compositional diffusion transition zone. The introduction of current eliminated this transition zone, pinning oxygen atoms within the amorphous layer via electromigration, while Joule heating facilitated the amorphization process. This demonstrates that the current precisely regulates the amorphous/nanocrystalline ratio, interface morphology, and elemental distribution by controlling the competition and synergy between Joule heating and electromigration. Furthermore, the current induced localized abnormal grain growth (AGG) by lowering grain boundary migration barriers and weakening the Zener pinning effect. This study elucidates the coupled regulatory mechanism of mechanical action and electrical effects during current-carrying friction of Mg-based metals, providing a viable route for fabricating high-performance surface composite layers on high-purity magnesium without alloying.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 102197"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148401892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}