Journal of Magnesium and Alloys最新文献

{"title":"High voltage cathode materials for rechargeable magnesium batteries: Structural aspects and electrochemical perspectives","authors":"Dedy Setiawan, Jiwon Hwang, Munseok S. Chae, Seung-Tae Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.018","url":null,"abstract":"Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are a cutting-edge energy storage solution, with several advantages over the state-of-art lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The use of magnesium (Mg) metal as an anode material provides a much higher gravimetric capacity compared to graphite, which is currently used as the anode material in LIBs. Despite the significant advances in electrolyte, the development of cathode material is limited to materials that operate at low average discharge voltage (<1.0 V vs. Mg/Mg²⁺), and developing high voltage cathodes remains challenging. Only a few materials have been shown to intercalate Mg²⁺ ions reversibly at high voltage. This review focuses on the structural aspects of cathode material that can operate at high voltage, including the Mg²⁺ intercalation mechanism in relation to its electrochemical properties. The materials are categorized into transition metal oxides and polyanions and subcategorized by the intrinsic Mg²⁺ diffusion path. This review also provides insights into the future development of each material, aiming to stimulate and guide researchers working in this field towards further advancements in high voltage cathodes.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144915502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the mechanism of ultrasonic vibration on suppression of intermetallic compound growth in Al/Mg dissimilar friction stir welding","authors":"Lei Shi, Jie Liu, Chuansong Wu, Faliang He, Guoxin Dai, Ashish Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.022","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of hard and brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) is a critical challenge in the friction stir welding (FSW) of Al/Mg dissimilar alloys, severely deteriorating joint integrity and mechanical performance. Although novel ultrasonic vibration-enhanced friction stir welding (UVeFSW) has been shown to reduce IMCs thickness, the underlying suppression mechanism remains unrevealed. In this study, the role of ultrasonic vibration (UV) in mitigating IMCs formation during the FSW of Al/Mg dissimilar alloy was systematically studied using both experimental and numerical methods. TEM was employed to characterize the IMC layer thickness and grain morphology at the Al/Mg interface within the weld nugget zone. In-situ temperature measurements revealed negligible differences in average welding temperatures between conventional FSW and UVeFSW, with both remaining well below the eutectic temperature. This confirms that IMC formation primarily proceeds through solid-state atomic diffusion. EBSD, micro-XRD, and TEM analyzes consistently showed that UV significantly reduces GND density and overall dislocation content in the interfacial region. It was found that UV suppresses short-circuit diffusion by decreasing dislocation density at the bonding interface, thereby lowering the Al/Mg atomic diffusion rate and effectively reducing the overall IMCs thickness. These findings offering a transformative approach to enhancing the interfacial integrity and mechanical performance of Al/Mg dissimilar welded joints.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure evolution and age-strengthening mechanism of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy fabricated by additive friction stir deposition","authors":"Jinglin Liu, Zeyu Zhang, Xiuwen Sun, Qi Wen, Sihao Chen, Youlong Shi, Zhanwen Feng, Long Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.06.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.06.030","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state deposition additive manufacturing technology demonstrates significant advantages in fabricating high-strength rare-earth magnesium (Mg-Re) alloy components, including low forming temperature, high densification, uniform composition, and high efficiency. Here, a high-strength single-pass multilayer Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy component was fabricated by the additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) method with an average layer thickness of 4 mm. The results indicate that the microstructures of the top, middle, and bottom regions of the AFSD component were equiaxed grain, with an average grain size of approximately 7.42 ± 0.58 µm. The interface region underwent two stages of plastic deformation under the separate effects of the shoulder and the feedstock, finer equiaxed grains were formed, with an average grain size of about 2.79 ± 0.14 µm. After artificial aging at 225 °C for 20 h, a large number of nano-β′ precipitates are uniformly distributed within the material. The ultimate tensile strength reached 355.52 ± 3.21 MPa in the building direction and 433.91 ± 2.31 MPa in the longitudinal direction, there is an increasing of 49.0 % and 45.9 % compared to the AFSD samples. No grain growth was observed in the interlayer and the interface after aging treatment. The finely dispersed nano-β' precipitates produced by artificial aging treatment are the key factor to improve the tensile strength of the deposited layer. The primary strengthening mechanisms were identified as precipitation strengthening and grain refinement, contributing 54.8 % and 26.7 % to the overall strengthening effect, respectively. These findings suggest that AFSD offers a novel and efficient solution for the fabrication of large-scale Mg-Re alloy components.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium alloys with rare-earth elements: Research trends applications, and future prospect","authors":"Zhiqi Zhu, Irfan Ayoub, Jie He, Jingran Yang, HanDong Zhang, Zhiqin Zhu, Qi Hao, Ziming Cai, Oluwafunmilola Ola, Santosh K. Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium alloys have emerged as promising light weight materials due to their low density, high specific strength, excellent machinability, and superior damping capacity, making them ideal for aerospace, automotive, and electronics applications. However, broader use of magnesium alloys is limited by poor thermo-mechanical performance, corrosion susceptibility, and low formability at room temperature. The addition of rare-earth elements such as gadolinium, yttrium, and neodymium has meaningfully improved these limitations, enhancing the overall performance of magnesium alloys. This review highlights recent advancements in rare-earth magnesium alloys, focusing on their improved thermo-mechanical properties, microstructural evolution, crystallization behavior, and texture development. Herein, strengthening mechanisms associated with rare-earth additions are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the article explores growing relevance of these alloys in advanced applications, including biomedical implants, IoT devices, aerospace structures, defense systems, and general engineering. With their enhanced mechanical and functional properties, rare-earth magnesium alloys represent a new generation of high-performance, functional materials poised to drive innovation across multiple technology sectors.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing stir zone heterogeneities in friction stir-welded and annealed AZ31 alloy","authors":"Hiba Azzeddine, Salaheddine Sadi, Farazila Yusof, François Brisset, Thierry Baudin, Megumi Kawasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"The difference in the microstructure, texture in the stir zone (SZ) of the AZ31 (Mg-3Al-1Zn, wt.%) alloy after friction stir welding (FSW) and subsequent annealing at 400 °C for 1 h was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements at the surface and core regions. The findings indicate that FSW produced grain refinement where the mean grain size decreases from 19 μm (base metal) to 5.1 and 3.5 μm at the surface and core regions, respectively. The c-axis of the grains at the surface region was aligned with the normal direction (<0001>//ND) due to the additional strain of the tool shoulder. In contrast, the core region shows a typical shear texture, where the c-axis tends to be oriented parallel to the welding direction (<0001>//WD). The Vickers microhardness mapping across the SZ revealed that the core region was soften than the surface region due to the dynamic recrystallization and texture weakening. The microstructure of the SZ remains principally deformed after annealing treatment except for the development of massive Mg₁₇Al₁₂ precipitates and the abnormal grain growth of a few grains with <11−20>//WD orientation at the upper side of the surface region. The c-axis of the grains at the surface region was tilted about 10° toward WD, while an inclined <0001>//WD orientation about 30° from WD was developed at the core region. Consequently, the distribution of microhardness values across the SZ was more heterogeneous than the FSW sample. The results were discussed in the light of grain boundary misorientation, dislocation density and the pinning effect of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ precipitates. Additionally, Schmid factor analysis was used to examine the activation of the basal slip mode to characterize the associated mechanical response.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The inhibition mechanism of abnormal grain growth in dilute Mg–Al–Ca–Mn alloy through trace Gd addition","authors":"Shi Liu, Hong Ning, Cheng Wang, Kai Guan, Zhaoyuan Meng, Haixiao Zhang, Huiyuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"Abnormal grain growth (AGG), a prevalent phenomenon in dilute magnesium (Mg) alloys during elevated-temperature processing, significantly compromises mechanical performance through microstructural degradation. This study investigates AGG evolution in a heat-treatable Mg–1Al–0.3Ca–0.5Mn (wt.%) alloy, revealing its fundamental mechanism through phase interaction analysis. The AGG initiation is predominantly driven by Zener pinning force attenuation around abnormally coarsened Al₈Mn₅ precipitates. Mechanistically, this heterogeneous coarsening stems from preferential Al₈Mn₅ phase growth kinetics adjacent to Al₂Ca phase during homogenization treatment, creating localized pinning force discontinuities. However, addition of 0.2 wt.% Gd facilitates phase transformation from Al₈Mn₅ to thermally stable Al₈Mn₄Gd with lower Gibbs free energy, thereby promoting a more uniform and refined precipitate distribution. Consequently, the Gd-containing alloy exhibits enhanced grain thermal stability, maintaining a refined microstructure with average grain size of ∼7.7 µm even after T4 treatment at 500 °C for 1 h, which simultaneously improves strength and ductility compared to the Gd-free alloy.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144825778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced printability, grain refinement and strength-ductility synergy in a Sc modified Mg-Gd alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Ziyi Liu, Qingchen Deng, Jiacheng Wang, Yiwen Ding, Ziyan Li, Jing Luo, Hong Liu, Yu Zhang, Liming Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.06.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.06.031","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing of magnesium alloys provides significant lightweight advantages in aerospace applications. Mg-10Gd-Zr (G10K, wt.%) alloy exhibited promising potential for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) application, yet it still encounters challenges related to a narrow processing window and relatively low mechanical properties. In this study, Scandium (<em>Sc</em>) was introduced in the pre-alloyed powder to develop the Mg-10Gd-1Sc-Zr (GSc101K, wt.%) alloy tailored for LPBF process. The results indicate that the incorporation of <em>Sc</em> has reduced the laser reflectivity by creating micro grooves on the surface of the GSc101K alloy powder, resulting in a significant expansion of the LPBF processing window. Furthermore, the introduction of <em>Sc</em> in the GSc101K alloy has led to remarkable grain refinement and noticeable weakening of texture due to preferential partitioning of <em>Sc</em> into the α-Mg nucleus to reduce the nucleation energy barrier. The LPBF-GSc101K alloy exhibits a superior elongation (El.) of 14 %, which is primarily attributed to the refined microstructure and activation of non-basal slip systems resulting from the solid solution of <em>Sc</em>. After a deliberately optimized T6 heat treatment, the UTS of the GSc101K alloy reaches 395 MPa while maintaining a reasonable El. of 4 %, achieving a synergistic enhancement in strength and plasticity compared to the G10K alloy. The GSc101K alloy demonstrates exceptional printability, fine and uniform microstructure, and high potential of strengthening through heat treatment, presenting a competitive option for material selection of LPBF-Mg alloys.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144825779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation mechanism of cluster-arranged layers in Mg-Y-Zn alloy: A density functional theory study","authors":"Ryosuke Matsumoto, Naoki Uemura","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"A sparsely introduced basal intrinsic 2-type stacking fault (I₂-SF) with a dense segregation of clusters (cluster-arranged layer; CAL) in α-Mg exerts a sufficient strengthening effect with a reduced content of additive elements. Moreover, the dynamic nucleation and growth of CALs during deformation largely improves the creep resistance. This paper analyzes the cosegregation behaviors of yttrium (Y) and zinc (Zn) atoms at an I₂-SF in bulk and at basal edge dislocations using density functional theory calculations. We also study the modification of the generalized stacking-fault energy (GSFE) curves associated with the cosegregation. The segregation energies of Y and Zn atoms in the I₂-SF are relatively small during the initial segregation of a cluster, but increases stepwise as the cluster grows. After introducing Y and Zn atoms in the I₂-SF in an energetically stable order, we obtain an L1₂-type cluster resembling that reported in the literature. Small structural changes driven by vacancy diffusion produce an exact L1₂-type cluster. Meanwhile, the core of the Shockley partial dislocation generates sufficient segregation energy for cluster nucleation. Migration of the Shockley partial dislocation and expansion of the I₂-SF part are observed at a specific cluster size. The migration is triggered by a large modification of the GSFE curve and destabilization of the hexagonal close-packed stacking (hcp) by the segregated atoms. At this point, the cluster has reached sufficient size and continues to follow the growth in the I₂-SF part. According to our findings, the CAL at elevated temperature is formed through repeated synchronized behavior of cluster nucleation at the Shockley partial dislocation, dislocation migration triggered by the destabilized hcp stacking, and following of cluster growth in the I₂-SF part of the dislocation.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144819420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable pure Mg fixation nails for guided bone regeneration membrane: In vitro and in vivo evaluation","authors":"Bo Zhang, Guanqi Liu, Jianhua Zhu, Di Peng, Guanxi Wu, Siyu Liu, Jianmin Han, Chuanbin Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) relies on membrane nails to stabilize barrier membranes and promote osseous healing. However, conventional titanium nails need secondary removal surgeries and may impair osteogenesis. Magnesium (Mg), a biodegradable metal, offers a promising alternative due to its degradability, biocompatibility, and osteoconductive properties. However, Mg-based alloys often exhibit rapid and localized corrosion, which may result in premature failure, thus limiting its clinical applicability. Therefore, in this study, two pure Mg with varying purity—commercially pure Mg (CP-Mg, purity: 99.98 wt.%) and ultrahigh-pure Mg (UHP-Mg, purity: 99.99937 wt.%)—were employed to fabricate the membrane nails to enhance their corrosion performance. The mechanical, degradation, and biological properties of the materials were studied by mechanical tests, in vitro corrosion and cell test, and in vivo implant tests. The results demonstrate that the grain sizes of CP-Mg and UHP-Mg are 38 µm and 27 µm, respectively. Both CP-Mg and UHP-Mg membrane nails are capable of shear forces of approximately 55 N, with no significant difference observed between the two materials, fulfilling the practical requirements for clinical applications in membrane fixation. However, in vitro corrosion test reveals that the degradation rate of UHP-Mg membrane nails is significantly lower than that of CP-Mg membrane nails, with improved degradation uniformity, which may mitigate premature mechanical failure resulting from rapid localized degradation. The cellar test shows that UHP-Mg has superior biological properties. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that UHP-Mg membrane nails exhibited a slower and more uniform degradation post-implantation, with no positional migration or detachment observed within 4 weeks, and no significant inflammatory response was induced during the experimental period. Additionally, all bone morphology indices in the degraded area were superior to those in CP-Mg membrane nails, demonstrating enhanced osteogenesis. Therefore, UHP-Mg exhibits high potential for clinical application as a barrier membrane fixation nail material. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the future clinical application of degradable Mg implant devices.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144802962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Al2Y phase on microstructure and deformation behavior of Mg-Al-Y Alloys: Insights from FIB-DIC technique","authors":"Zhiyuan Liu, Tianyou Wang, Li Jin, Jian Zeng, Shuai Dong, Fenghua Wang, Fulin Wang, Jie Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, four Mg-3Al-5Y, Mg-6Al-11Y, Mg-9Al-17Y, and Mg-11Al-21Y (wt.%) alloys, with different volume fractions of Al₂Y phase, were fabricated by mechanical stirring casting and hot extrusion. The effect of Al₂Y phase on the microstructure and deformation behavior of Mg-Al-Y alloys was investigated using the focused ion beam–digital image correlation (FIB-DIC) technique. The results show that as the volume fraction of the Al₂Y phase increases, the strength of the Mg-Al-Y alloys continuously improves, which is primarily attributed to the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) strengthening mechanism. The Young’s modulus also increases, owing to the high modulus of the Al₂Y phase, and the increase in modulus is more consistent with the prediction of the Reuss model. Notably, the Mg-9Al-17Y alloy achieves an optimal combination of yield strength (202.4 MPa), Young’s modulus (51.5 GPa), and ductility (7 %). The FIB-DIC technique highlights strain concentration at the Al₂Y/Mg matrix interfaces and grain boundaries, where strain compatibility is influenced by adjacent grain orientations and phase interfaces mismatch. Additionally, the size, dispersion, and distribution of Al₂Y phases play a crucial role in strain accommodation. This study provides valuable insights for the design of high-performance magnesium alloys with enhanced mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}