Xiwei Zhou, Yuan Yuan, Tingting Liu, Tao Chen, Jun Wang, Ligang Zhang, Liang Wu, Aitao Tang, Xianhua Chen, Andrej Atrens, Fusheng Pan
{"title":"Thermodynamic prediction of alloying element distribution in magnesium matrix composites","authors":"Xiwei Zhou, Yuan Yuan, Tingting Liu, Tao Chen, Jun Wang, Ligang Zhang, Liang Wu, Aitao Tang, Xianhua Chen, Andrej Atrens, Fusheng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.022","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of alloying elements on the properties of magnesium (Mg) matrix composites is significant. The distribution of alloy elements between the matrix and the reinforcements plays a pivotal role in the element selection and compositional design of Mg-based metal matrix composite. This work used thermodynamics to study the equilibrium distribution coefficients of the 40 elements X (Be, Ca, Zn, Sn, REs, etc.) in the Mg-Ti and Mg-Zr systems at 573 K, 773 K and 973 K. In addition, the binary solution enthalpies were evaluated using the Miedema model to predict the bonding tendency of the element X with Mg, Ti and Zr. These research outputs provide valuable data and theoretical reference for Mg-alloy design and optimization.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lu Feng, Zhou Wu, Yang Huang, Lin Shen, Bo Qiao, Jiale Wu, Ning Wen, Jin Hu, Bin Deng
{"title":"Degradation behavior, osteogenesis, and antimicrobial properties of Ga-coated ZK60 Mg alloys for medical implants","authors":"Lu Feng, Zhou Wu, Yang Huang, Lin Shen, Bo Qiao, Jiale Wu, Ning Wen, Jin Hu, Bin Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.024","url":null,"abstract":"The application of medical magnesium (Mg) alloys in implantable medical devices is promising due to the similar modulus of elasticity and biodegradability to human bone, which facilitates osseointegration. However, rapid degradation and loss of mechanical strength remain critical issues. To tackle these challenges, in this study, liquid metal gallium (Ga), which possesses non-toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, moderate chemical reactivity, and superior alloying capability, was used to develop a novel Mg alloy coating that can simultaneously enhance mechanical strength, reduce the degradation rate, and provide antibacterial and osteogenic properties. A unique, simplified coating process applied liquid Ga to the surface of ZK60 Mg alloy, and coatings of varying thicknesses were successfully fabricated. The phase composition of the Mg-Ga alloy layers was identified mainly consisting of Ga<sub>5</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub> and Ga<sub>2</sub>Mg. Vitro corrosion tests demonstrated that surface alloying of Ga with ZK60 effectively suppressed the degradation rate of the Mg alloy. Prolonged Mg-Ga alloying time improved human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and differentiation. The Mg-Ga alloy layer positively affected the early differentiation of osteoblasts and extracellular matrix mineralization, upregulating the expression of osteogenic-related genes and inhibiting osteoclast activity. Additionally, the Mg-Ga alloy exhibited excellent antibacterial properties through a combined effect of ion release and the formation of an alkaline environment. In short, the Ga-coated ZK60 Mg alloy demonstrated superior corrosion resistance, structural stability, cellular compatibility, osteogenic performance, and antibacterial capability, providing strong support for applying Mg alloys in medical implants.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Zeeshan Farooq, Yiyong Wu, Mingyi Zheng, Liangxing Lu
{"title":"Ignition-proof magnesium alloys with rare earth elements: A novel framework to predict combustion phases, surface morphologies, and hidden features using heating rates","authors":"Muhammad Zeeshan Farooq, Yiyong Wu, Mingyi Zheng, Liangxing Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a proposed interdisciplinary framework for developing ignition-resistant magnesium alloys and analyzing their combustion behavior. It focuses on both commercial AZ31, AZ91, WE43 and formulated Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloys with various rare earth elements (REEs) contents. The research integrates experimental methods, heating rate simulations, advanced image processing, and machine learning (ML) techniques to identify key mechanisms that enhance ignition resistance, particularly for aerospace and other industrial applications. A novel alloy composition, Mg-8Gd-6Y-0.6Zn-0.6Zr, demonstrated exceptional non-combustibility in air. The study is systematically to classifies the combustion process into distinct phases and surface morphologies by leveraging supervised and unsupervised learning models based on unseen heating rate features. Advanced image processing techniques reveal dynamic surface morphology changes, including thermal deformation, melting spots, gas bubble formation, and transformations during saturation and post-melting phases, while unsupervised ML models also validate these outstanding predictions of surface morphology features. Additionally, the research highlights the synergistic effects of REEs in forming dense, protective oxide layers, refining microstructures, and delaying ignition. This phase-based analysis provides the combustion behavior of magnesium alloys, which is crucial for evaluating their performance in industrial fire scenarios.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaxin Liu, Fulin Wang, Fenghua Wang, Shuai Dong, Jian Zeng, Li Jin, Jie Dong
{"title":"Positive-negative shear asymmetry and anisotropy of a textured rolled plate of AZ31B Mg alloy under simple shear","authors":"Jiaxin Liu, Fulin Wang, Fenghua Wang, Shuai Dong, Jian Zeng, Li Jin, Jie Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"Mg alloy often undergoes shear deformation during industrial processing. While its anisotropy and tension-compression asymmetry have been thoroughly studied under uniaxial loading, the understanding for shear loading is still lacking. This study employed a rolled AZ31B plate with typical basal texture to investigate the shear behaviors. Positive and negative simple shear experiments were performed at different angles in the transverse plane, whereby the visco-plastic self-consistent model was calibrated to reveal the deformation mechanisms and predict the mechanical responses at various orientations. Positive-negative shear asymmetry is present because extension twinning preferentially operates in one shear direction but is suppressed in the opposite direction. Simple shear induces multiple twin variants, thus impedes twin growth and slows the consumption of matrix, as compared to in-plane compression. For slip dominated simple shear, the interaction between loading-induced rigid body rotation and slip-induced crystal rotation produces distinct hardening behaviors, namely orthogonally asymmetric mechanical responses at complementary loading angles, which is largely absent in uniaxial loading. Finally, simulation results verify that positive-negative shear asymmetry appears only when the deviatoric normal stress on the sheet plane is non-zero. Positive-negative shear asymmetry persists except for the conditions of shear plane parallel to sheet plane, or shear direction parallel or perpendicular to rolling direction.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinchao Jiao, Yongrui Gu, Xiaoyun Ding, Jin Zhang, Yong Lian, Pengfei Gao, Xiaohui Zhang, Shengli Han, Kaihong Zheng, Fusheng Pan
{"title":"Effect of different metal-reinforcement phases on PEO discharge and coating growth behavior of AZ91 Mg-matrix composites","authors":"Jinchao Jiao, Yongrui Gu, Xiaoyun Ding, Jin Zhang, Yong Lian, Pengfei Gao, Xiaohui Zhang, Shengli Han, Kaihong Zheng, Fusheng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"The strength and ductility of Mg alloys were improved through the introduction of metallic reinforcement phases. How the effect of different metal-reinforcement phases on the PEO discharge and coating growth behavior of Mg-matrix composites remains unclear. In this work, the influence of three metal-reinforcement phases (Nb, Mn, and Cu) on voltage evolution, coating morphology, coating phase composition, and corrosion resistance was investigated. The results indicate that Nb-reinforcement undergoes continuous spark discharges, resulting in the formation of a “volcano-like” localized morphology. In contrast, Mn and Cu-reinforcements do not directly participate in PEO discharges; instead, their oxidation products form “nodule-like” protrusions that limit the voltage rise rate. These behaviors are attributed to differences in the properties of the oxidation products of metal reinforcements and the Mg matrix, such as stability, Pilling–Bedworth ratio (PBR), band gap, dielectric constant, and conductivity. These characteristics influence the electrical structure of the PEO coating, thereby altering the PEO discharge and coating growth behavior of the composites. Finally, two models are proposed to describe the PEO discharge mechanisms in the two types of metal-reinforced AZ91-based composites.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"77 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vanadium induces Ni-Co MOF formation from a NiCo LDH to catalytically enhance the MgH2 hydrogen storage performance","authors":"Zexuan Yang, Yazhou Wang, Xia Lin, Yongjin Zou, Cuili Xiang, Fen Xu, Lixian Sun, Yong Shen Chua","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials, such as MgH<sub>2</sub>, have attracted considerable attention because of its superior hydrogen storage capacities, inexpensive, and excellent reversibility. However, their high thermodynamic stabilities and slow kinetics lead to relatively high desorption temperatures, which severely limit the wide application of MgH<sub>2</sub>. In this study, the inclusion of vanadium induced the formation Ni-Co metal–organic frameworks (MOF) from a NiCo layered double hydroxide (LDH), thereby increasing the number of defects and vacancies, and improving the hydrogen storage properties of MgH<sub>2</sub>. The synthesized NiCo-MOF/V-O-doped MgH<sub>2</sub> system demonstrates excellent hydrogen storage capacity. More specifically, 5 wt.% of H<sub>2</sub> was released over 20 min at a relatively low dehydrogenation temperature of 250 °C, and almost complete dehydrogenation was achieved at 300 °C for 5 min. In addition, at 125 °C, the hydrogen storage material absorbed 5.5 wt.% H<sub>2</sub> in 10 min. Furthermore, the activation energy of dehydrogenation was determined to be 69.588 ± 6.302 kJ ·mol<sup>−1</sup> which is significantly lower than that of the ball-milled MgH<sub>2</sub> (i.e., 118.649 ± 2.825 kJ ·mol<sup>−1</sup>). It was therefore inferred that during dehydrogenation process, a Mg<sub>2</sub>Ni/Mg<sub>2</sub>NiH<sub>4</sub> hydrogen pump is formed by Ni, while the V-H and Co-H bonds formed by Co and V during the reaction act synergistically to catalyze the absorption and desorption of hydrogen, thereby increasing the hydrogen storage capacity of MgH<sub>2</sub>. These experiments provide new perspectives on the commercial application of MgH<sub>2</sub>.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential of strain-integrated gas infusion (SIGI) casting on post-heat treatment kinetics of AZ91 magnesium alloy","authors":"V. Tiwari , S.K. Panigrahi","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat treatments play a crucial role in enhancing the mechanical properties of AZ91 Mg alloy by dissolving coarse phases during solution treatment and promoting precipitation during aging. However, non-uniform microstructures and coarse secondary phases in conventional casting methods hinder the effectiveness of these treatments, leading to reduced ductility, inconsistent properties, and prolonged durations. To overcome these challenges, this study introduces the Strain Integrated Gas-Infusion (SIGI) casting process that integrates strain and gas infusion in the semi-solid state. The impact of the SIGI process on the solution treatment and aging kinetics of AZ91 Mg alloy is explored. The SIGI process refines α-Mg and β-Mg<sub>17</sub>Al<sub>12</sub> phases, significantly enhancing mechanical properties. Experimental and quantitative analyses reveal that the SIGI process accelerates solute atom dissolution, reducing solution treatment times by half, and promotes faster nucleation and growth of precipitates during aging, shortening aging times by one-third. These improvements result in substantial gains in ultimate tensile strength (∼40–50%) and ductility (∼20–30%) after age hardening compared to conventional casting. The mechanisms driving these changes, including enhanced nucleation rates, reduced diffusion distances, and microstructural refinement, are discussed. These findings demonstrate the potential of the SIGI casting process to advance magnesium alloy performance for engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 858-876"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Superior specific capacity and energy density simultaneously achieved by Sr/In co-deposition behavior of Mg-Sr-In ternary alloys as anodes for Mg-Air cells","authors":"Bowen Yu, Haitao Jiang, Yun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the combined addition of strontium/indium (Sr/In) to the magnesium anode for Mg-Air Cells is investigated to improve discharge performance by modifying the anode/electrolyte interface. Indium exists as solid solution atoms in the α-Mg matrix without its second-phase generation, and at the same time facilitates grain refinement, dendritic segregation and Mg<sub>17</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>-phases precipitation. During discharge operation, Sr modifies the film composition via its compounds and promoted the redeposition of In at the substrate/film interface; their co-deposition behavior on the anodic reaction surface enhances anode reaction kinetics, suppresses the negative difference effect (NDE) and mitigates the “chunk effect” (CE), which is contributed to uniform dissolution and low self-corrosion hydrogen evolution rate (HER). Therefore, Mg-Sr-<em>x</em>In alloy anodes show excellent discharge performance, e.g., 0.5Sr-1.0In shows an average discharge voltage of 1.4234 V and a specific energy density of 1990.71 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Furthermore, the decisive factor (CE and self-discharge HE) for anodic efficiency are quantitively analyzed, the self-discharge is the main factor of cell efficiency loss. Surprisingly, all Mg-Sr-<em>x</em>In anodes show anodic efficiency greater than 60% at high current density (≥10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>), making them excellent candidate anodes for Mg-Air cells at high-power output.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 640-653"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140067770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An overview of the recent developments in biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy","authors":"Manas Ranjan Sahu, Akiko Yamamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing interest in Mg-Zn binary alloys as temporary implant materials is attributed to their outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, and favourable mechanical properties. However, their application is constrained by high degradation rates in the physiological environment, resulting in the release of hydrogen gas and a rapid decline in mechanical properties. Additionally, the material's biocompatibility is contingent upon its degradability. Researchers have demonstrated that addressing these issues is possible through strategies such as controlling Zn content, employing thermo-mechanical processing to achieve suitable microstructures, and applying surface coatings. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of published literature on Mg-Zn alloys, exploring the challenges and outlining future research directions in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 486-509"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}